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Background: Studies have shown that psychological resilience is a key factor in drug rehabilitation. To explore the feasibility of developing psychological resilience as an addiction treatment intervention, it is essential to explore the role that it plays in drug addiction. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological resilience and drug addiction, as well as to examine the underlying mediational roles of maladjustment and impulsiveness in this association. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design that included a sample of 140 male drug addicts in compulsory isolation centers and used questionnaires and scales to ascertain their level of drug addiction, psychological resilience, maladjustment, impulsiveness, social support, and loneliness. Correlation and mediation effect analyses were performed to determine the roles of impulsiveness and maladjustment in the association of psychological resilience with drug addiction. Results: Psychological resilience was an inverse predictor of drug addiction. The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that maladjustment acted as a mediator between resilience and drug addiction and between impulsiveness and drug addiction. Furthermore, impulsiveness and maladjustment jointly mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and drug addiction. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of psychological resilience in maladjustment and impulsiveness for drug addicts and suggest that the role of psychological resilience in drug addiction needs to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the current study was to examine psychosocial maladjustment related to adolescents' appraisals of workplace sexual behavior. Method: High school aged adolescents with formal work experience completed a survey containing a battery of scales. Results: Descriptive statistics addressing frequency of exposure showed that 45% of adolescent men reported at least one incident of sexual behavior directed at them personally, and 24% of adolescent women reported the same. Results further indicated that adolescent men reporting a positive experience after being targeted by direct sexual behavior at work also showed signs of internal maladjustment, such as depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Gender role strain model, which suggests that the male adolescents experienced trauma when conforming to hyper-masculine norms that call for acceptance of sexual behavior, was offered to explain why male adolescents differed from female adolescents in associations between sexual behavior appraisal and maladjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police officers have the capacity to use legitimate force to attain compliance, and the gravity associated with officers’ decisions to use force has generated a number of studies of the influences on these decisions. Very few studies, however, have focused on the consequences that exposure to police use of force has on suspects. In this study, we use data collected from a nationally representative sample of prison inmates to examine whether exposure to police use of force during their arrest contributes to mental health problems among these inmates, after controlling for relevant covariates including pre-existing mental illness. Findings indicate inmates who were exposed to police use of force during their arrest experienced a greater number of manic and depressive symptoms than inmates who were not exposed to police use of force. The implications of our findings for correctional policy include a consideration of police use of force in needs assessment and recognition of the potential treatment needs of inmates exposed to police use of force during their arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study aimed to investigate the maladjustment of Asian (Bangladeshi, Pakistani) and African (Nigerian, Namibian, Ghanaian) peacekeepers and its major influence factors. By random cluster sampling, 300 Asian peacekeepers and 271 African peacekeepers were administered the military psychological maladjustment scale (MPMS) and risk factors questionnaire. Investigation at Day 7 and Day 120 into the peacekeeping deployment period indicated that MPMS total score and factor scores of the Asian peacekeepers were significantly lower than those of the African peacekeepers (p < .01). The total score and each factor score of MPMS of the Asian peacekeepers significantly decreased (p < .01); for the African peacekeepers, only the factor score of emotional disorder of MPMS significantly decreased (p < .05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the education duration was the influence factor for the emotional disorder factor score in the Asian peacekeepers, and the two factors were positively correlated. Age, military service duration, education duration and marital status were the major influence factors for the MPMS factors of the African peacekeepers, among which age was negatively correlated with the total score and each factor score, and military service duration, education duration and marital status were positively related. We conclude that the Asian peacekeepers are more adaptable and resilient than the African peacekeepers. Education duration was the major influence factor for Emotional Disorder in the Asian peacekeepers. The major influence factors for maladjustment in the African peacekeepers were age, military service duration, education duration and marital status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent bullying, research has characterised the adolescents involved in terms of their social skills, maladjustment and popularity. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the relationships between these variables and how these relationships predict bullying involvement. Moreover, the literature has focused on pure bullies and victims, despite the fact that bully-victims are known to be the most troubled. The aim of this work is to study the relationships between these variables and their predictive value, focusing on the bully-victim role. The sample (N = 641) is made up of adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years. The results mainly indicate that the level of maladjustment and social skills predicts sociometric popularity, which is a significant predictor of bullying involvement. Differences in the social roles were observed, suggesting that social skills and maladjustment serve a different purpose for bully-victims than for the other roles involved. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

British child guidance was a form of psychiatric, preventive medicine for children and young people and centred, at least in principle, on specialist clinics led by psychiatrists. From small beginnings in the aftermath of the First World War, child guidance expanded steadily, in terms of both numbers of patients and numbers of clinics, and came to be legislatively embedded in the post-war welfare state. Among its underlying principles was the idea that any child, however apparently “normal”, might experience disturbance in the course of their emotional and psychological development. The causes of such disturbance, manifested by maladjustment, were generally deep-rooted and multiple in nature and were for the most part seen as deriving from problems in the child–parent relationship. The stability of the child, its family and even the wider society were threatened by this maladjustment, which therefore had to be treated to prevent further or future problems. This article places British child guidance in its broader context and analyses both its theory and its practice. Its central concern, however, is with what was actually meant by terms such as maladjustment, stability and normalcy. Child guidance practitioners themselves were unclear on such issues and, ultimately, normalcy in particular came to be defined negatively, that is, by what it was not. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]