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In the face of tremendous violence and multiple crises, we are reminded that ours should not only be a discipline that examines crises, but also one that actively contributes to their resolution. What does IR as a discipline owe—or what must we give—to the pressing concerns of our times? What do we, in IR, owe to each other as a scholarly community or professional class? This essay argues for a reinterrogation of our discipline’s relationship with ‘crisis’ as subject matter, method and motivation. It also makes a case for paying greater attention to our obligations to society and to one another as public intellectuals in need of collective methods to think across political and disciplinary divides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of digital technologies into social science has catalyzed the development of fields such as digital sociology, digital humanities, and digital social sciences more broadly. This technological shift has significant methodological implications for social science research, which are being increasingly discussed. This discussion raises critical questions about the potential and limitations of merging traditional social research methodologies with digital innovations. Digitized and digital methods have brought about promises of a new era in social science research. However, some scholars have highlighted the challenges and limitations associated with this methodological transition, including data-relevant considerations, skill and expertise issues, and ethical concerns. From the vantage point of advancements in science and technology studies (STS) – a discipline that has engaged with the methods and practices of knowledge production for some decades – I will explore five additional methodological challenges posed by the digitization of social science research that has been largely overlooked or neglected in the literature of digital methods. Our analysis concludes that while digital methods can serve as valuable complementary tools, they are not sufficient to fully engage with the core practices and phenomena of social science research. Thus, digital and traditional methods can coexist, albeit not in a symmetrical manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This literature review systematically analyzes 100 critical scholarly articles, utilizing testimonio as a primary research method and methodology, alongside literary criticism. This descriptive and pragmatic methodological examination explores scholars’ processes to collect testimonios, highlighting the various data collection procedures involved. Testimonio as collaborative intellectual production framed in critical race feminist methodology is a multimethodological research design that was analyzed and numerically tabulated. The reviewed literature was classified into two categories and nine subthemes. Fundamental Methods, the first category, encompasses several subthemes: (1) Co-creation, (2) Critical Ethnography, (3) Autoethnography and Autobiography, (4) Narrative and Journalism, (5) Art-based Approaches and Pláticas, and (6) Reflexivity and Reflexión. The second category, Peripheral Perceptions, introduces the following subthemes: (7) Synoptic Literature Review, (8) Literary Criticism, and (9) Guidelines. This project emerged in response to the lack of examinations specifically focused on the range of techniques for data collection procedures, and summarizes the most remarkable theoretical frameworks, epistemologies, and characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether, and how, Foucauldian genealogy travels to contexts and problematizations beyond the method's European site of articulation. Our particular focus is on the work of Colombian philosopher Santiago Castro-Gómez, whose work includes both a systematic defense of the usefulness of Foucauldian inquiry for decolonial study and genealogical inquiry in a Foucauldian spirit but in a context beyond Foucault's own horizon of study. We show that taking up Foucault's work in the context of Latin America leads Castro-Gómez to significantly change Foucauldian concepts, categories, and methods. We further survey the potential synergies of decolonial thought and Foucauldian critique, while also highlighting how their joint mobilization requires a revision and problematization of key commitments of both approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to optimise the chromosome preparation technique by examining the impact of various factors on the quality of chromosome slices obtained from Newhall navel orange leaves. The wall removing hypotonic flame drying method was employed, and factors including leaf parts, developmental period, pretreatment time, enzyme ratio, and enzyme treatment duration were examined. Our findings revealed that the use of the apices of leaves from stage II, pretreated with 0.002 mol/L 8-hydroxyquinoline for 3 hours at room temperature, followed by enzymatic digestion in a mixture of 5% cellulase and 0.3% pectinase for 3 hours at 37 °C, provided the optimal conditions for chromosome preparation. This optimised protocol allowed for clear visualisation of morphological characteristics, establishing a reliable and efficient method for chromosome preparation in Newhall navel oranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper comprises a Socratic dialogue that explores the mix of advocacy, acceptance, apathy, confusion, and criticality often presented by new educational researchers as they encounter and navigate positionality in the first stages of their research projects. The fictionalised ancient form allows a vehicle to explore common debates and discussions with new researchers as they seek to accommodate to the demands of reflexivity. Concluding with an epilogue the author suggests the importance of forging a place for new educational researchers to thoughtfully engage with positionality, in the hope of avoiding the institutional petrification of such a vital methodological and epistemological approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numbers are both shaped by and constitutive of a certain vision of the world, and household debt is no exception. Financialized capitalism relies on hegemonic numbers that serve the economic and political interests of state government and the financial industry, which see and measure debt as a market ripe for development. In the face of this, it is crucial to build alternative numbers. The political numbers of debt conceive debt as a power relation, and quantify the degrees of financial exploitation that hegemonic numbers are blind to. Ordinary numbers seek to reflect what matters the most to ordinary people. They conceive of debt as a relationship of social interdependence, which can be a source of power, hierarchy and exploitation, but also of mutual aid, reciprocity and dignity. Far from functioning in silos, hegemonic numbers, political numbers and ordinary numbers have shifting boundaries. This article, based on twenty years of research in India conducted by a Franco-Indian team of economists and anthropologists, exposes and contributes to the politics of numbers in the field of debt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the use of methods in higher education research. My point of departure is that it appears that higher education scholars – publishing their work in what we generally see as the relevant higher education journals of our field – make use of a limited set of methods. Whereas there may be good reasons to select certain methods, there are some concerns. These concerns pertain to researchers not making use of the richness of methods available, possibly choosing easily applicable methods, or applying less rigorous methods. If this were the case, higher education research does not sufficiently live up to its aim to increase our (academic) understanding of key phenomena in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay presents public criticism as one answer to the question of why literary criticism has value in the twenty-first century. Reframing criticism in terms of its multiple functions, the essay moves beyond the critique-postcritique binary. It advocates for functional and methodological pluralism as crucial to the discipline's vitality. It addresses the public functions of story, criticism, and critic. Public criticism draws out and conveys the cognitive and collective value of stories, deploying the most appropriate disciplinary and interdisciplinary methods to show how stories can provide multiple points of view, enable understanding of collective identities, function as narrative models enabling surrogative reasoning about target systems, and play a key public role in anticipations of the future, as narrative futures methods. Public criticism expands the available public roles for the critic, adapting Roger A. Pielke Jr's framework to demonstrate how literary critics can function as humanities arbiters and honest brokers, as well as issue advocates, in the structures and institutions of public reasoning. Public criticism requires transparency about the methodological rigour of the discipline, and more prevalent practices of collaboration and knowledge synthesis. Overall, the essay provides an implementable framework for how stories, criticism and critic can inform public reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the features of innovative curriculum design and the associated research activities of primary school students in Ukraine. It is emphasised that the priority is the formation of 'meta-subject results' in junior high school students, which can be seen as universal learning activities that will ensure, to a large extent, the success of learning at the next levels of education. Our research has shown the undeniable effectiveness of innovative curriculum design allied to pupil research activities based on project work when compared with traditional methodological approaches to learning. We argue that the increasing demand to develop key competencies in education gives a heightened need for these pedagogical approaches. Moreover, the introduction of project work allows the teacher to form a pedagogical situation in which the student formulates a goal and achieves it whilst developing the key skills that will underpin their wider education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of the winding type has a significant effect on the performance characteristics of the machine, efficiency, weight of the required wire, ease of winding, etc. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of winding type as well as the polarity of magnets on both sides of the stator core on the back electromotive force (Back-EMF) of the counter-rotating double-rotor axial flux permanent magnet generator (CRDR-AFPMG). The winding type influences the produced voltages of the generator. Hence, in this paper, several types of windings, such as the first type of shifted winding, the second type of shifted winding, and the independent winding are investigated to produce three voltages with the same amplitudes and 120 degrees of phase differences. However, it has been found that, among the studied windings, only the second type of shifted winding and independent winding produces three voltages with similar amplitudes and 120 degrees of phase difference. Finally, the suitable type of winding for the proposed machine will be determined, and the performance of the case study machine will be evaluated by finite element (FE) simulation. JMAG designer software is used for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we reconsider the question of African identity and how it conflates with the various nuanced dimensions of the African. We argue that as an offshoot of hegemonic scholarship, the debate on identity pitches the Africans against the 'other'. We demonstrate that in this process of self-recognition and self-discovery, the Africans are at war with the self. This process of discovery of the African person has been ongoing through principled academic engagements. We also show how conversational thinking makes epistemic dissent rewarding within the African in the quest for identity and between the African and other cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I ask whether Francis Bacon constitutes a revealing exception to the modern predilection for 'system.' First, I consider evidence for reading Bacon as a philosopher strongly attracted toward the ideal of system. Second, I show how reflecting on Bacon's philosophical practice can motivate an 'anti-system' reading of his texts. In considering the small number of works in which Bacon explicitly discusses 'system' under that name (in particular, the Descriptio globi intellectualis), I clarify what is and is not meant by 'philosophical system' as distinct from other ideas of system (e.g. 'system of the heavens'). Third, I draw from the Temporis Masculus Partum and Novum Organum to argue that Bacon's doctrine of the 'idols of the mind' amounts to a thoroughgoing critique of system in philosophy. Fourth, I show how and why Bacon deploys the aphoristic form in Novum Organum as an alternative to system. I conclude by suggesting some ways in which an 'anti-system' reading of Bacon has the power to enhance our appreciation of other early modern authors who write philosophy without pretensions to system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Hegel's discussion of the 'speculative sentence' occurs in the 'Preface' to the Phenomenology of Spirit, commentators rarely link it to the larger program of this text. Instead, this discussion has typically been received as a guide to the Science of Logic's presentation, as an independent theory of judgment, or as a reflection on the constraints and capacities of language generally. In this paper I argue that the speculative sentence can and should be linked to the Phenomenology itself. Specifically, I show that Hegel's discussion both mirrors and supplements the 'Introduction's' explication of immanent phenomenological method. Establishing this parallel in turn allows us to identify a class of sentences throughout the Phenomenology as properly speculative and methodologically substantive. At the same time, this interpretation helps clarify several characteristics that Hegel ascribes to the speculative sentence, but which have gone unaddressed by commentators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walter Rodney is a household name in IPE. Traditionally, scholars place Rodney in the tradition of dependency theory. More recently, scholars of 'racial capitalism' have identified Rodney as a foundational analyst of the empirical and conceptual relationship of racism and capitalism. However, while Rodney's work is often invoked in contemporary literature, it is rarely discussed. This paper offers a detailed engagement with Rodney's major works and situates them in their broader intellectual context in the history of IPE. In doing so, the paper highlights three major contributions. First, Rodney locates processes of working-class formation within the historical emergence and structural constraints of the capitalist world economy, breaking down conventional divides between domestic and international political economy. Second, Rodney demonstrates the centrality of unfree labor to the extension and reproduction of capitalism on a world scale. Third, Rodney highlights the integral role of race and racism in working-class formation, but stops short of positing these relations as functionally necessary to capitalist reproduction – a nuance which distinguishes him from current fashions. The paper argues that retrieving these three contributions can help renew a critical-historical IPE centered on the development of – and challenges to – working-class power in the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracing the foundational relationship between literary critical practice and our practices in the world, this essay advocates for a minimal consensus for literary studies: to understand it as a public practice geared towards training better readers. Understanding literary studies as a useful endeavour only when it aims not just at talking to itself and its students but also to the wider public, this essay suggests that we should focus on making people have better arguments about literature. We need to stress the practice of interpretation, understood as the public ascription of meaning to a text, which in turn means that literary studies has no point if it does not produce results about which it is possible to argue. In order to do so, however, we need to posit a common ground for literary interpretation different from the personal experience of the text: socioaesthetic experience. Literary studies, this essay argues, should utilise the liberties it has, including a recognition of its expertise in comparison to the ordinary reader, to train people to be better readers of their socioaesthetic experiences in reading, and enjoin them to commune and argue over these experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What if it is not actual methodological debate but the consequences of framing a facet of differences between current literary critical positions as a large-scale method war that stand in the way of what ought to be the common goal of our discipline, namely to articulate the possible and indeed necessary futures of literary studies? This essay argues that the notion of a new method wars in literary studies should be understood as a narrative about literary studies whose rise and function must be analysed before the backdrop of a moment when the discipline itself is in crisis, a narrative construction of the reality of contemporary literary studies that gives rise to very real consequences. To analyse the new method wars as a narrative construction means to ask how, why, and to what end we tell this story about ourselves and to probe its effects in the context of a general crisis of our discipline. The narrative of the method wars at worst perpetuates those experiences and views of our discipline that add to already existing toxic conditions in a discipline defined by rampant precarity. In this essay and throughout this special issue, we seek to resist the pull of warfare: the easy pull of denouncing, discrediting, misrepresenting, and otherwise doing injustice to the critical positions that we and our contributors may reject. At the same time, it is not to accept the ease and banality of the middle ground in the face of genuine theoretical convictions. Our questions, we think, remain acute: How do we think about the future of literary studies in the funerary climate that has engendered the belief that we need to fight our internal wars for survival? How might (must?) our understanding of what literary criticism is and does change? How do we formulate possible futures for literary studies while grappling with the significant problems that our present poses? In this essay and in this issue, we stage hopeful interventions that seek to contribute to the effort to explore the futures of literary studies by way of and conceived as a collective endeavour. Together, we advance a call for better, more useful, more active, more networked, and, yes, even for abandoned versions of the always multiple and joyously contradictory discipline we call literary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hb variants prevalent in China are different from those in other countries. We aimed to assess the interference from Hb variants found in China on HbA1c measurement. All Hb variants were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. HbA1c was measured using a capillary electrophoresis method (Capillarys 3 OCTA), two cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography methods (ADAMS HA-8180V and HLC-723 G8 standard mode), an immunoassay (Cobas c501), and a boronate affinity chromatography method (Premier Hb9210). Premier Hb9210 was used as a comparative method. A total of 16 species of Hb variants were identified in 102 variant carriers. The most common variant was Hb E, followed by Hb Q-Thailand, Hb New York and Hb J-Bangkok. Clinically significant interference was observed for the Capillarys 3 OCTA (two Hb variants), ADAMS HA-8180V (seven Hb variants), HLC-723 G8 (14 Hb variants), and Cobas c501 (two Hb variants). The proportion of unacceptable HbA1c results was 13.7% for Capillarys 3 OCTA, 52.9% for HA-8180V, 83.3% for HLC-723 G8, and 3.9% for Cobas c501. Hb variants in China severely affect the accuracy of some commonly used HbA1c methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing benefits and limits of agroecological transitions in different contexts is of foremost importance to steer and manage agroecological transitions and to feed evidence-based advocacy. However, assessing agroecological transitions remains a methodological challenge. The objective of this research was to investigate to what extent existing multiscale and multidimensional assessment methods were suitable to assess agroecological transitions. We used a literature review to identify and select 14 existing multiscale and multidimensional assessment methods related to sustainable or resilient agriculture. We then analyzed these 14 methods according to five evaluation criteria that reflected key requirements for assessing agroecological transitions: 1) be adaptable to local conditions, 2) consider social interactions among stakeholders involved in the transitions, 3) clarify the concept of agroecology, 4) consider the temporal dynamics of the transitions to better understand barriers and levers in their development and 5) use a participatory bottom-up approach. The methods adopted different approaches to consider each evaluation criterion, but none of them covered all five. The two evaluation criteria most often employed were the adaptability to local conditions (used by 13 of the methods) and the consideration of social interactions (used by all 14 of the analyzed methods). To be adaptable, methods mobilized generic guidelines with flexible content and/or included a contextualization phase. For social interactions, most methods mobilized social-related indicators, and two included stakeholder mapping. Two methods clarified the agroecological concept by mobilizing different sets of principles. Two other methods considered temporal dynamics of the transitions, mobilizing a trajectory of change to understand barriers and levers in their development. Finally, seven methods adopted a bottom-up participatory approach, involving stakeholders in both their development and use. To balance the existing trade-offs between the evaluation purpose, the time requirement and the level of participation in the different approaches adopted by the 14 methods studied, we suggest combining some of the approaches in a complementary mode to cover all 5 criteria and therefore improve the assessment of agroecological transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the concept of adaptive research design, in which topic, theoretical framing, method, and data are in principle open to adaptation during the research process. The main premise is that adaptations in one element of the research process can trigger changes in other elements. Both positive and negative reasons for adaptivity are discussed along with various valid reasons for limiting adaptivity in particular cases. Grasping the different couplings between concepts, theories and methods is useful to discern the possibilities and limits of adaptive methodology in situ. To deepen the understanding of the adaptive capacity of methodology, we broaden the discussion to look at the embedding of methodology in academia and its disciplines. In our perspective, methods appear as devices structuring thinking and observation and are well used and placed if they enhance and enable the continuation of observation and reflection and if they allow the researcher to remain open for alternative observations and interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper develops a methodological approach that acts as a tool for active change agents working in community and just transition contexts to increase their capacity to engage a wider public in planning. An innovative contribution is made to the literature through the development of a participatory action research (PAR) based approach to social network analysis using a participatory mapping method with relation to sustainable transitions. The method comprises a participatory network mapping approach, adapted from the Net-Map toolkit, which is applied to a multi-stakeholder approach to realising a regional sustainability transition in the Republic of Ireland. Dingle Peninsula 2030 is an initiative aiming to transition a geographic region in the South West of Ireland to a low-carbon society by 2030 across the sectors of energy, agriculture, transport, education, employment, marine and tourism. Due to the scope of the overall project, a diverse range of stakeholders are involved. The method developed is used to undertake a qualitative collaborative social network analysis. The paper focuses on method, by analysing and reflecting upon the use of this participatory approach, in the initial stages of the overall project, in addressing complex sustainability and just transition challenges as they are revealed through a multi-stakeholder approach. Within this, the themes of participatory justice, social learning and visualising complexity are explored; and benefits and future improvements are outlined through reflections from both the researcher and the participant community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although John R. Commons is widely recognized as a founding contributor to institutional economics, readers in his time and ours have often found it difficult to understand what he had to say. This article complements new contributions to what Commons was (as he put it) "driving at" by spelling out not only the research method used to produce his transactional theory of value and other theories and analyses, but also the "pre-analytic vision" underlying that method. Combined with his theories, analyses, and conception of the economist's role in economic reform, Commons's vision and method round out his institutionalist perspective. Thus, the article offers additional insight on the longstanding question of what Commons was driving at and how his work contributes to the institutionalist tradition. It also shows that a look at Commons's perspective reinforces some of the essential elements and key principles of contemporary institutional economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractGraphic correlation is a well-known biostratigraphical method that has been widely used for more than 40 years. During the 1980s, Kenneth Hood developed the program GraphCor, which was designed to run graphic correlation projects. However, the software was developed using DOS and it is no longer compatible with modern operating systems. To solve this issue, we developed rGraphCor, an open-source, free, and user-friendly application built within the R-for-computing environment and enhanced with the package Shiny, ensuring compatibility with Linux, macOS, and Windows operating systems. rGraphCor can use information from diverse sources including cores, ditch-cuttings, and outcrops to perform graphic correlation. The interactive nature of rGraphCor allows real-time updates, providing immediate feedback on correlation results. Additional R functions assist users in formatting their data, optimizing the analysis, and reducing errors. To demonstrate rGraphCor’s capabilities, we generated a randomized simulation of fossil data, representing hypothetical species across four sites with varying sampling patterns. This simulation showed the flexibility in handling diverse data sets and the robustness of its correlation capabilities. rGraphCor is available for public use, promoting transparency and collaboration in the biostratigraphic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 has changed the way research can be conducted. The present literature review, based on 29 studies (2008–2020), investigates and compiles existing research to identify possibilities and limitations of using digital interviews within social work, sociology and adjacent disciplines. The results show that digital interviews can enhance long-distance participation, and that they may be cost-effective. However, technical difficulties can arise that adversely affect the quality of the interviews. Concerning sensitive topics (e.g., victimization, health issues, sexuality), more rich data can be reached with digital options than with in-person options, but it can be difficult to read visual cues, as the camera only captures the participants' upper body. Based on these results, it is important to strike a balance between the positive and negative aspects associated with digital interviews, and to understand that digital interviews are something different than in-person interviews, with their own logic and rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The will to have freedom and to experience equality in learning form a vital relation to our capacity to make choices in life. This article offers a comparison between Sartre and Rancière that is new to the field of research in education and contributes an argument for a relational philosophy of freedom and equality. Existentialist insights into how we experience the world through affect and embodied intelligence are raised in this exploration of the contemporary significance of 'freedom' in education. Questions of capacity for free choice are addressed, in discussion of historically different opportunities across identifications of gender, class and ethnicity in education. In this comparative approach, constructive parallels are identified between Sartre's philosophy of freedom and Rancière's method of equality, that form a new relation to the arts and learning. I argue that there are positive connections that can affirm flexible, responsive and representative free thinking in creative practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the light of the small number of emergency response plans drawn up in France and the various difficulties encountered by professionals in the cultural world in developing them, the Department of Preventive Conservation at the Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (Centre for research and restoration of the museums of France, C2RMF) has developed a collaborative support method that provides step-by-step assistance to those who wish to construct an operational plan. This work, which is currently being deployed nationwide, has made it possible to design tools specifically dedicated to this subject, which can be distributed to all cultural institutions in France. The simplicity of its implementation suggests interesting prospects for supporting and monitoring museums during complex and multidisciplinary projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of sport and exercise psychology, the systematic review is still considered by many, to be the gold standard literature review. However, reviews like these, which judge whether an intervention works or not, can leave many unanswered questions. When it comes to complex social interventions, failing to suggest reasons for an intervention's efficacy, often means practitioners struggle to successfully implement research findings in the real world. This lack of detail has led many to question the utility of systematic reviews when examining behaviour change interventions in complex social environments. Realist reviews are increasing in popularity because they go beyond asking if an intervention works, to look for theories as to why a programme worked, who it worked for and in what context it worked. However, despite the growing popularity of realist reviews, there is still limited application of this approach across the sport and exercise sciences. This paper aims to increase awareness regarding the utility of realist research by offering an introduction to realist review and an explanation of the steps involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarly debates about how we conceptualise, theorise and measure peace have recently intensified, yet exactly how peace scholars translate these theoretical innovations into concrete methodological tools and practices is less clear. We argue that pluralism, temporality and the role of affect are three recent focal points in current scholarly debates that aim to further our conceptual understanding of peace. Taking these theoretical developments seriously requires us to consider our methodological tools to approach each one, but these concepts also point to methodological issues on their own. This special issue aims to investigate our assumptions about peace, and how these in turn shape the way we approach the study of peace, in terms of both research design and data collection as well as in the process of writing up and disseminating findings, all departing from these three specific challenges. As such, this special issue contributes to efforts of making peace beyond the absence of war more researchable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a report of a 15-fold increase in published qualitative studies catalogued in PsycNET between 1995 and 2016, researchers engaged in a closer examination of changes in published qualitative research. Four questions are addressed: (1) Can the reported 15-fold increase of published qualitative studies indexed in a psychology database be replicated using a similar database? (2) If the increase in qualitative articles is adapted from the raw number to the relative number of qualitative publications compared to non-qualitative (e.g., quantitative, review articles) publications, does the 15-fold rate of change hold, increase, or decrease? (3) Are there specific domains that have contributed disproportionately to the increase in qualitative articles? and (4) As the proliferation of published qualitative research is examined, what portion of qualitative work is published in moderate- to high-impact journals compared to low-quality or non-indexed journals? Each of these questions are systematically addressed using PsycINFO. Results suggest that while the 15-fold increase in raw numbers is replicable, the relative increase of qualitative articles is a more modest sixfold increase. Further, much of the increase in qualitative articles appears to stem from journals related to healthcare. Finally, results suggest that the increase in quantity may be associated with a slight decline of the quality of research being published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating experience is becoming a greater concern in Journalism Studies. However, while "experience" is often mentioned, it is either never fully discussed or it is approached in terms of mere sensory or emotional response. Experience, instead, involves additionally (and simultaneously) situatedness, embodiment, and continuous re-processing over time, most of which lies beyond consciousness and is not easily articulated by words. Drawing on Whitehead's processual philosophy and Gendlin's philosophy of the implicit, this article addresses the calls in the field for "taking experience seriously." Theoretically, it tackles the ontological leap required to be able to conceive experience. Methodologically and empirically it demonstrates the potential for applying creative techniques to retrieve and express the knowledge beyond words that is not captured by established methods. It does so by sharing the author's reflection matured through long-term experimentation with creative practices in research and the creation of an embroidered collage inspired by the project "Being a foreigner at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: The impact of news consumption on the everyday life of migrants in Norway." The article takes the form, in itself, of a collage and invites the reader to join into an experiential taster of its arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isolation and screening of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) seems to become cumbersome using conventional methods, and there may be a chance to lose the more potent isolates during the screening methodology. To overcome these problems, a selective enrichment method has been developed to isolate and screen efficient PSB from diverse sources. Initially, this method includes enrichment of the phosphate solubilizers in the sample followed by selective isolation and screening. Looking into the physico-chemical data, it was revealed that the soil samples from cultivated soil were found to support growth and development of microbial life in general compared to soil samples from non-cultivated stringent environment, which was reflected in number of PSB isolated, or in some samples, PSB may not be obtained. Here, the selective enrichment method developed for isolation of PSB from stringent environmental samples yielded numerically higher number (14) of phosphate solubilizer isolates in comparison to conventional methods (4) from different soil sources. Moreover, isolates obtained following selective enrichment were found consistence for phosphate solubilization in different conditions and for different sources. In contrast to conventional isolation methodologies, the selective enrichment method consistently performed best for PSB isolation particularly from stringent habitats, i.e. mining region where conventional method/s did not perform well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For nearly thirty years, the theory and science of Psychological Jurisprudence (PJ) have been used to address a range of complex and controversial issues in crime, law, and justice. As a matter of epistemological and ontological commitments, PJ's research agenda is sourced in an Aristotelian-derived virtue ethic. This ethic advances eudemonic existence. This existence extolls human flourishing and excellence and it recognizes that these eudemonic possibilities (i.e., flourishing and excellence) emerge from within relational habits of evolving character. Evidence of these habits is found within a society's expressions of culture. These expressions include the symbols of shared consciousness, the discourses of inter-subjectivity, and the institutional and communal practices of mutual power. However, what has yet to be specified in the academic literature, is how PJ's method of inquiry functions as a useful approach for undertaking qualitative research. In Section one, we summarize the philosophy of science (i.e., the science of being/becoming) that informs PJ's methodology and we identify the hermeneutical process (i.e., critical textual analysis, CTA) that operationalizes this science. In Section two, we delineate the elements of PJ's virtue-based deconstructionist method of inquiry, and we explain how these elements form a design for undertaking replicable aretaic research. In Section three, we provisionally discuss the type of findings that PJ-as-method produces, and we suggestively explain how these findings are relevant to existing debates about crime control and justice policy research, education, and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short article discusses some problems relating to the systemic-communicative method and culture- through-language studies (лингвострановедческих аспектов) aspects of teaching the Russian language outside the language environment, more specifically, in Portugal, and in accordance with this, the question of the perfect knowledge of the language of students and its use by the teacher in the classroom is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the literature concerning Marx's Capital II, the question of its systematic connection with Capital I has received limited attention. The present paper is an attempt to fill this gap. Tracing the widening contradictions between capital as it manifests itself in circulation and capital in production, as well as between the total social capital and individual capital, contradictions that transpire as the investigation of the process of production of capital unfolds throughout Capital I, the paper shows that their solution depends on research proceeding forwards from production to the realm of circulation. This already provides a subjective justification for the transition between Capital I and II, but it does not yet grasp the actual necessity that capital itself follows as the actual subject of the movement of our present process of metabolism as human beings. The paper then goes beyond that subjective point of view to show why and how capital necessarily prompts itself forward from the realm of production into the cycle which constitutes the circulation of capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how pedagogical documentation, as the refusal of method, can be aligned with post qualitative inquiry, opening up possibilities for refuting dogmas and methods in early childhood pedagogy, theory, practice, and research. It delineates understandings of pedagogical documentation in the educational project of Reggio Emilia, and describes dogmatic (or unthought) practices which influence perceptions and uses of pedagogical documentation elsewhere: the dogma of children's interests; the dogma of implementation; and the dogma of method. The article draws on the experience of a collective of academic-researchers and teacher-researchers working with pedagogical documentation in the context of an investigation into children's relations with waste. Excerpts from interviews illuminate 'voices troubling dogmas', proposing an invitation to move forward from dogmas to imagining our collective obligations. Pedagogical documentation is thus conceived as a catalyst for helping us think collectively with the hope of making the dogmatic impossible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reliable diagnosis of amyloidosis is usually based on a tissue biopsy. With increasing options for specific treatments of the different amyloid diseases, an exact and valid diagnosis including determination of the biochemical fibril nature is imperative. Biopsy sites as well as amyloid typing principles vary and this paper describes methods employed at some laboratories specialised in amyloidosis in Europe, Japan and USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph Buttigieg's introduction to his uncompleted edition of the Prison Notebooks is one of the best things ever written about Gramsci's prison writings. The last section reproduces, with minimal changes, Buttigieg's 1990 article "Gramsci's Method," and it has the same title. That title, however, is misleading, since what Buttigieg reconstructs is not so much Gramsci's method of writing the notebooks as his own process, as editor, of reading them, which is far from being a factual report of how Gramsci "actually wrote." It involves, instead, a set of interpretive hunches, which in turn presuppose a prior knowledge of all of Gramsci's texts, without which it would not be possible to make the connections he makes between different topics or to rank them, to identify some – such as the critique of positivist sociology and the idea of the philosophy of praxis – as more important, more overarching than others. Symptomatic here is Buttigieg's use of an apparently insignificant note, of just twenty words, "L'ossicino di Cuvier," generally overlooked by Gramsci scholars, as a point of entry into a set of interconnected notes and from there to the whole intellectual edifice of the Prison Notebooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on developing, implementing, and evaluating postgraduate interprofessional case-based learning, we have written these twelve tips for health education planners who wish to apply case-based learning in the clinical setting. Interprofessional case-based learning engages participants in a structured manner towards uncovering decisions processes and patterns of action that resemble the clinical reality in which various healthcare professionals handle multifaceted tasks related to the optimal patient treatment. Postgraduate interprofessional case-based learning has the potential to break down traditional hierarchical structures as interactions generate respectful behaviour. We present two models of case-based learning to assist in standardising, structuring, and systematising postgraduate interprofessional case-based learning. We have created 12 practical tips for the design, implementation, and evaluation of successful postgraduate interprofessional case-based learning integrated into the existing clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article opens a space for dialogue between Marxism and the field of higher education research. First, it demonstrates to what extent Marx is present in the theoretical and methodological discussions within the field and it examines the reasons behind his absence, i.e. the development of two perspectives regarding capitalist transformations, namely academic capitalism and exceptionalism. Second, it introduces Marx's method of critique, conceived as the integrity of three different analytical moments and it further explicates how those moments can be translated into the general research programme. It does so in reference to (a) ontological assumptions; (b) sector's political economy; (c) students and academic protests; (d) ideas about the alternative. Finally, it uses those four areas to reflect on the key differences between Marx's critique and the two perspectives discussed. By doing so it opens up paths for further dialogue between Marxism and higher education research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no doubt that digital technologies are spawning ongoing innovation across most if not all sectors of the economy and society. In this essay, we take stock of the characteristics of digital technologies that give rise to this new reality and introduce the papers in this special issue. In addition, we also highlight the unprecedent opportunities that digital innovation provides to study innovation processes more generally. Overall, we conclude that the speed, observability, and relative ease in investigating relationships between multiple analytical levels, mean that digital innovation is both a 'model of' that also provides a 'model for' the study of innovation processes more broadly in non-digital and hybrid contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screen time is increasingly pervasive in children's lives and, despite shifts in screen usage, television remains pre-eminent, especially for young children. As such, viewing content merits investigation. The current study applied a novel coding scheme to assess the relative prominence of prosocial and antisocial content in 90 programmes watched by a sample of 180 British two-year-old children. As well as providing a framework for future use in television research, our study highlights the wide variance of prosociality in children's programming. Future directions for coding and research are discussed. IMPACT SUMMARY a. Prior State of Knowledge: Children's television content has been under scrutiny for decades. Studies involving researcher-chosen content have shown links between prosocial content and young children's prosocial behaviour, as well as between antisocial content and aggressive behaviour. b. Novel contributions: The current methodological brief outlines a novel coding scheme for investigating prosocial and antisocial content that young children view in their everyday lives, taking into account prosocial and antisocial behaviour, as well as format features of the television programmes. c. Practical implications: The current work can be utilized and adapted for research in diverse disciplines by investigators interested in how prosocial and antisocial content are associated with child behavioural outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching students to use critical thinking skills is a popular goal of many economics courses. But what does "critical thinking" really mean, and how is it implemented? This article considers various interpretations of "critical thinking" and distinguishes "big-think" from "little-think" critical thinking, arguing that both are necessary. Teaching little-think critical thought involves teaching the tools, models, and methods that economists use in understanding some aspect of economics, while teaching big-think critical thought involves teaching textbook economic models' applicability to the real world and how value judgments are integrated with scientific evidence to reach supportable policy positions. The authors argue that, while there is no one right way to teach principles, instructors should consider the tradeoffs and include both dimensions of critical thinking in their courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering Education is rapidly evolving as a discipline. This has given rise to a number of challenges that could potentially limit future developments. More established disciplines have previously encountered similar challenges and have developed a set of practices and structures that can broadly be referred to as 'Open Science' in order to meet these challenges. The purpose of this article is to identify Open Science practices and structures that have the potential to resolve some of the major challenges facing engineering education. Systematic reviews are examined as a suitable benchmarking mechanism and as a potential catalyst for the widespread adoption of Open Science principles within the discipline. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are presented as essential in synthesizing a rapidly growing body of research. However, their value is dependent on the quality of their execution. A strategic approach to systematic reviews is offered as a viable initial embodiment of Open Science principles and a catalyst for wider integration. The adoption of best practice models developed in other disciplines including pre-registration, open data and explicit protocol reporting have the potential to address the shortcomings identified and ultimately accelerate the development of engineering education as a discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the meaning and role of social critique in the social sciences. This form of theorizing has always been a significant part of the social sciences. Due to the scientific ideal of value neutrality, however, the manner in which social criticism is conducted is seldom discussed. I claim that the value-neutrality ideal rests on a conception of normative subjectivism that can be challenged by turning to some notion of practical reason. However, there is no need to turn to any strong notion of reason; instead, I use the term 'normative reasoning'. The main question posed in the article then becomes: What is it that we do when we reason in a normative manner in the social sciences? The first part of the article addresses Axel Honneth's 'Grand Social Theory of Modernity' in Freedom's Right. His procedure in the book is treated as a significant case of normative reasoning. I investigate his method of 'reconstruction' by comparing it primarily to the methods of 'construction' and 'genealogy'. The second part of the article is a critical discussion of Honneth's method of normative reasoning. My main criticism is that, despite his intentions, his procedure is overly constructivist in the sense that it prevents a disclosure of ongoing transformations of ethical life. In the conclusion, I argue for a pluralistic methodology; different ways of normative reasoning should be used to solve different kinds of normative problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an introduction to the literature on interdisciplinary research. It then draws lessons from that literature for the field of adapted physical activity. It is argued that adapted physical activity should be a self-consciously interdisciplinary field. It should insist that research be performed according to recognized interdisciplinary and disciplinary methodologies. Each section of the article addresses an important aspect of the literature on interdisciplinary research and closes with a recommendation for adapted physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over fifty years have passed since Marcuse asserted that we are facing "the radical empiricist onslaught", which he considered to be "the academic counterpart of the socially required behavior". Reconsidering his claim in our current context, this article argues that we have found ourselves in the aftermath of the radical empiricist onslaught, where the radical empiricist discourse has become the hegemonic discourse of contemporary academia. Examining the place of the radical empiricist discourse in neoliberal governmentality, while analysing certain forms of exclusion this discourse has established in order to maintain its internal coherency, the article invites us to see through the radical empiricism of present-day academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies evaluating self-harm repetition risk factors are from Asia and Europe, use cohorts of people who self-injure without differentiating incident and prevalent self-harm episodes, and do not stratify by suicide method. The current study uses an incident user design to (a) examine case fatality at index self-harm events and at each repeat event, by method, (b) describe method-switching, and (c) identify factors associated with repetition of self-harm among those who survive their index hospitalization. Specifically, this study reports psychiatric history and method-specific case fatality for the initial self-harm event among Utah residents with an index event in 2014 or 2015 and who have no history of prior self-harm in hospital records. For survivors of the index self-harm episode, we use Accelerated Failure Time models to identify risk factors for nonfatal repetition and separately for suicide. Key findings: 10,521 Utah residents with no 3-year self-harm hospital history experienced a 2014 or 2015 index event. Of the 9.5% with index deaths, 53.6% used firearms. Of the 90.5% who survived, 63.1% used drugs. Among the index nonfatal cases, over an average 1-year follow-up, 11.7% experienced a nonfatal repetition and 0.8% died by suicide. Most subsequent nonfatal repetitions (59.7%) and suicides (56.8%) had presented with an index drug poisoning; over half (56.8%) of those who died switched methods. For those who subsequently fatally self-harmed, most used poisoning by drugs (33.8%), hanging/strangulation (28.4%), or firearms (24.3%) in the terminal episode. Nonfatal repetition was associated with younger age, index cutting/piercing instruments, and past-year psychiatric and drug abuse diagnoses. Subsequent suicide was associated with male gender, older age, and index gas poisoning and hanging/suffocation. Of the 56 people who survived an index firearm event, none subsequently died by suicide during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes to use the three terms complexity, connection, and comparison as part of a possible method for the discipline of global intellectual history. Taking the 1993 presidential address by anthropologist Anette Weiner as its starting point, the paper argues that the discipline of history of ideas is facing a challenge similar to that confronted by social anthropology a quarter of a century ago: It needs to reject the constrictions of 'cultural boundaries' and demonstrate 'a commitment to a global comparative perspective' instead. A global intellectual history of this nature would also be consistent with Arthur B. Lovejoy's statement that 'ideas are the most migratory things in the world'. The text proposes a method for global intellectual history based on the three aforementioned terms – exemplified by cases from Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. Scholars within several disciplines are increasingly arguing for the Academy to 'decolonize' and to offer a less ethnocentric narrative. By proposing a methodological draft for a global intellectual history, this paper argues that we can move beyond deconstruction and decolonization and focus instead on 'reconstruction' of a global and comparative perspective as a fruitful way forward for the discipline in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleepwalking may seem a plausibly deconstructive notion, and some commentators have adopted it as such. But, until quite late in Derrida's writing, it figured as something against which deconstruction defined itself. Sleepwalking was emphatically the sleepwalking of the other: it was an accusation, and even a little polemical, naming the premature certainty and complacency of method. In this paper, I trace the turn that takes place around 1999, whereby Derrida departs for this othering of sleepwalking to make it deconstruction's own problem so that, in his acceptance speech for the 2001 Adorno Prize, he even assumes it in the first person: je somnambule. This happens at the confluence of two late ethical preoccupations: with the animal and with the scene of prize-giving. What is at stake in all of this, I argue, is Derrida's ongoing negotiation with totalising and mastery, even unto the sovereignty of his own critical subject. The sleepwalker, it transpires, is one of the less obvious figures to which justice must be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance, few studies have focused on the relationship between sociodemographic factors and preference for primary form or method of cannabis use. Methods: The 'Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory' was used to collect information on the primary form and method of cannabis use in young adults ages 18 to 25 and adults 26 and older. Chi-square analysis was used to examine differences by age and sex (n = 852; n = 536 male). Results: Young adults were more likely to report using bongs, vaporizers, and edibles, while older participants were more likely to report using blunts. Males were more likely to report marijuana, while females were more likely to report edibles as their primary form of cannabis use. Males were more likely to report using blunts, while females were more likely to report using joints and edibles. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest there are significant effects of age and sex on primary form and method of cannabis use. Future studies should examine how personality and environmental influences may affect preferences for forms and methods of cannabis use and how these affect long-term health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]