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There are currently limited investigations that have examined the relationship between personality traits and exercise dependence. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between exercise dependence, narcissism and perfectionism. Ninety regular exercisers were recruited from various gyms, fitness centres and sporting events to complete the Narcissistic Personality Inventory [Raskin, R. N., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,54(5), 890–902], Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale [Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,60(3), 456–470] and Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised [Symons Down, D., Hausenblas, H. A., & Nigg, C. R. (2004). Factorial validity and psychometric examination of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised.Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,8(4), 183–201] either online or in person. Exercise dependence was positively related to narcissism, self-orientated perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism. Gender differences between these relationships were also found. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that a combination of narcissism and self-orientated perfectionism uniquely predicted a greater degree of exercise dependence. These findings indicate that both narcissism and perfectionism may be important antecedents of exercise dependence, and that a combination of these personality traits is associated with exercise dependence. Future research should continue to determine which personality traits contribute to the personality profile of individuals with exercise dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A variety of terminal chain modifications ( Y ) were made on the diacetylenes in which X =C n H 2 n +1 , C 12 H 25 O and F, and Y =CH 2 CH(Me)C 2 H 5 , COCH 3 , C≡CC 5 H 11 , C n F 2 n +1 C n H 2 n +1 and CH=CHCO 2 C 3 H 7 . Mesomorphic properties were determined by hot stage polarizing microscopy and DSC. These were compared with those for the dialkyl analogues ( X =C m H 2 m +1 , Y =C n H 2 n +1 ) and a series of 1- and 2-olefins ( Y =CH=CHC n H 2 n +1 and CH 2 CH=CHC n H 2 n +1 ). The 1-olefin series showed wider range nematics than the dialkyl compounds, whereas the above modifications showed either narrow range nematic phases, no mesophase or higher melting temperatures. New transition temperature and enthalpy data are provided for some of the dialkyl and F-alkyl compounds previously reported, for comparisons. Preliminary birefringence data are also included along with the results of some heat and UV stability studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A limited selection of ring modified diphenyldiacetylenes of the type where A = , Y =C n H 2 n +1 , CF 3 , F, COMe, NH 2 , and NMe 2 , and A = , trans and cis with Y =F and trans with Y =C 3 H 7 , were synthesized. Mesomorphic properties were determined by hot stage polarizing microscopy and DSC. These properties were generally poorer than those found in the parent benzene compounds. This was also true of some pyrimidine analogues reported earlier. Birefringence values also decreased as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]