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Effective plant pathogen control presents an important challenge. Pesticide resistance and associated health and environmental problems demonstrate the need for novel, safe active ingredients for plant protection. Since both coumarins and 1,2,4-triazoles show pesticidal activity, in this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of coumarin-1,2,4-triazole hybrids against plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), bacterial plant pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae and Rhodococcus fascians), and beneficial bacteria (Bacillus mycoides and Bradyrhizobium japonicum). Coumarin-1,2,4-triazoles inhibited the growth of S. sclerotiorum and F. oxysporum, while no antibacterial effect on either pathogens or soil-beneficial bacteria was observed. A quantitative structure–activity relationship models for antifungal activities on S. sclerotiorum and F. oxysporum, developed using Dragon descriptors, can explain 79% and 77% of the compounds inhibitory activity, respectively. According to molecular docking, title compounds are potential sterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors, with 7-((5-mercapto-4-(p-tolyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one as the promising candidate for further research in plant protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a significant interest in the usage of algae in everyday diet because of their positive influence on the gastrointestinal system due to the presence of high amounts of dietary fibres, while the presence of ω-3 fatty acids contributes to the protection of cardiovascular system. Algal derived polysaccharides are found in the food products as stabilisers, thickening agents and emulsifiers. In the cosmetic industry, algae are used in sunscreen, anti-age, anti-cellulite, moisturising and skin whitening products. These products can be used for the development of cosmeceuticals which contain algal derived bioactive compounds and they can exert a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit. However, these compounds also have potential for being isolated and used for development of novel drugs against diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes. Present review provides information about algal compounds incorporated into various food, cosmetic or medicinal products, as well as their potential for health improvement was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orange peel (Citrus sinensis L.) from the variety Washington Navel was extracted by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) at different parameters. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Limonene predominance was found (up to 89%). The principal oxygenated monoterpenes were linalool, α-terpineol, decanal, and (E)-citral. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed on the remaining solid residue (after SC-CO2extraction) to obtain the extracts rich in hesperidin. The influence of different extraction parameters on hesperidin content (3.3–23.0 µg/mL) was determined. The prediction performance in optimizing the extraction yield of dominant compounds was studied by response surface methodology and artificial neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synthesis of two series of 3-substituted quinazolinones was performed utilizing a green chemistry approach, deep eutectic solvents and microwaves, namely. 2-Methyl-3-substituted-quinazolin-4 (3H)-one derivatives were synthesized in a two-step reaction, using choline chloride:urea deep eutectic solvent (DES). 3-Substituted-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized in one-pot one-step reaction of anthranilic acid, amines and orthoester in a microwave reactor. For the synthesis of 2-methyl-3-substituted-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones, first conventional synthesis of benzoxazinone, as an intermediate, was performed. Further, benzoxazinone in reaction with corresponding amines, in choline choline:urea deep eutectic solvent, furnished desired compounds. These procedures are based on green principles with the aim of developing synthetic routes for the potential antitumor agents. All compounds were characterized by LC/MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral techniques. Compound 1 bearing trifluoromethoxyphenyl group showed promising activity against HuT-78 cell line with IC50 of 51.4 ± 5.1 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 3-substituted-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and 6-iodo-3-substituted-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones were synthesized in choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvent. Substituted 2-mercapto-4(3H)-quinazolinones were synthesized from anthranilic acid or 5-iodoanthranilic acid and appropriate isothiocyanates in good to excellent yields. Isolation of final product was easy and required no further purification. Synthesis of these compounds was rapid, selective, and catalyst free, while preparation of deep eutectic solvent was easy, components are readily available, cheap, and environmentally friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses study to investigate the influence of various deep eutectic solvents (DES) on yield, reaction time and temperature applied for N-acetylation of various amines and the influence of DES recycling on product yield.