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A single species of seahorse, Hippocampus kuda, has been reported from the Arabian/Persian Gulf. Anatomical and DNA analyses of specimens from Kuwait indicate a second species occurs in the northern Gulf, and based on available specimens, may be the most prevalent species in the region. Evidence indicates the species to be H. trimaculatus and represents a range extension from India's Gulf of Kutch of 2,600 km. DNA analysis of additional specimens is encouraged, particularly of H. trimaculatus specimens from outside the Gulf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]