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The destiny of the electric vehicle (EV) marketplace will depend upon the behaviour of potential buyers and on how emerging markets allow EVs to be perceived as a mobility solution to the externalities generated by internal combustion (IC) vehicles. To this end it is important to ascertain the role played by psychological factors, along with instrumental attributes, especially among younger adults (future purchasers) in not yet mature markets. Our paper analyses and models the propensity to purchase an EV with respect to an equivalent IC vehicle. It contributes to the existing literature investigating younger adults' behaviour in an emerging market, focusing on the role of attitudes and perceptions. A stated preferences survey, built on real commercial scenarios (Renault ZOE vs Renault Clio), was designed and disseminated at the University of Cordoba (Argentina). Respondent behaviour was modelled within the random utility paradigm. First, heterogeneity among users was investigated through mixed multinomial logit formulation; The role of psycho-attitudinal factors was then explored through the specification of hybrid choice models with latent variables. Estimation results indicate the significant role of attitudes and perceptions in emerging markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although some have proposed eliminating the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to reduce government expenditures, other alternatives exist that could reduce the cost of the program and increase its viability, such as increasing deductibles, which may increase participation and revenue. The​ recently released FIMA NFIP Redacted Policies Data Set provides unprecedented opportunities to examine homeowner deductible choices for flood insurance policies using policy-level data. The menu of deductibles currently ranges from $1,000 to $10,000 in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs), but until April 1, 2015, the maximum deductible was $5,000. Using a matched sample of 252,280 SFHA policies that were active for the 2013–2019 time period, we provide insight regarding characteristics of homeowners who chose the maximum deductible as well as those who switched from the $5,000 to the new $10,000 deductible. Consistent with nudge theory and stickiness, we show that the majority of the homeowners accept the default deductible option. Individuals in high-income and high-premium areas were more likely to select the maximum dedu​ctible. Level of education and past flood events do not impact whether people decide to select the maximum deductible option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes and compares different approaches within the general fixed-point framework that allows to deal with multi-user (stochastic) equilibrium assignment with variable demand (VD). The aim was threefold: (i) compare the efficiency and the effectiveness of the internal and the external approaches to stochastic equilibrium assignment with VD; (ii) investigate the efficiency and the effectiveness of different algorithms based on the method of successive averages and its extensions; (iii) investigate the effects of different averaging schemes, different convergence criteria and different path choice models, such as Multinomial Logit model, C-Logit model and Multinomial Probit model. Analyses were carried out with respect to a real network and considering different indicators of both efficiency and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Pre-hospital administration of hydroxocobalamin (B12a) is used for empiric treatment of cyanide poisoning because cyanide poisoning is difficult to identify and requires immediate treatment. B12a interferes with the accuracy of several blood laboratory tests. This study aimed to explore how B12a affects carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) measurements in human blood at both physiologic and pathologic COHb levels. Methods. Several clinically relevant concentrations of B12a were added to human blood samples containing physiologic (∼ 3%) and pathologic (30% and 50%) COHb levels. We then measured the COHb levels of the samples using two different co-oximeters, the Radiometer ABL 700 and the Rapidpoint 500, and compared to their actual baseline COHb levels. Results. B12a had minimal effects on the COHb measured at both physiologic and pathologic levels when measured on the Radiometer. In contrast, the Rapidpoint B12a caused a dose-dependent decrease in the COHb measured, especially of pathologic COHb levels (∼ 30 and 50%). Conclusion. The magnitude of B12a interference on measured COHb is dependent upon the specific co-oximeter used, the actual COHb level and the serum B12a concentration. These errors may potentially influence clinical decision making and thus affect patient outcomes. Our findings emphasize the importance of measuring COHb levels on blood samples collected prior to B12a administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial filtering in various forms has become a popular way to address spatial dependence in statistical models (Griffith, 2003; Tiefelsdorf & Griffith, 2007). However, spatial filtering faces computational challenges for largenas the current method requires order of n3operations. This manuscript demonstrates how using iterative eigenvalue routines on sparse weight matrices can make filtering feasible for data sets involving a million or more observations and empirically estimates an operation count on the order of n1.1. Moreover, we show that filtering performs better, both statistically and numerically, for spatial weight matrices with more neighbours. Finally, we show that although filtering out spatial aspects of the data reduces bias in parameter estimates for the spatially lagged dependent variable DGP, it also filters out spatial aspects of interest such as spillovers. RÉSUMÉ le filtrage spatial, sous différentes formes, est devenu un moyen populaire de traiter la dépendance spatiale dans des modèles statistiques (Griffith, 2003; Tiefelsdorf & Griffith, 2007). Toutefois, le filtrage spatial doit relever aujourd'hui le défi de l'informatique, pour des valeurs ‘N’ élevées, la méthode actuelle nécessitant des opérations de l'ordre de N au cube. Le présent manuscrit démontre la faon dont l'emploi de programmes à valeur propre itérative sur des matrices à pondération creuse peut permettre la viabilité du filtrage pour des ensembles de données comportant un million d'observations, ou davantage, et effectue de faon empirique une évaluation du nombre d'opérations sur l'ordre de ‘N’. Nous démontrons également que le filtrage fonctionne mieux, tant sur le plan statistique que sur le plan numérique, pour des matrices à pondération spatiale comportant plus de voisins. Nous démontrons enfin que, bien que le filtrage d'aspects spatiaux des données réduise les distorsions des estimations de paramètres, il permet également de filtrer des aspects spatiaux pertinents, comme les débordements. EXTRACTO El filtrado espacial de diversas formas se ha convertido en una manera popular de tratar la dependencia espacial en modelos estadísticos (Griffith, 2003; Tiefelsdorf & Griffith, 2007). No obstante, el filtrado espacial se enfrenta a retos computacionales para N grande, ya que el método actual requiere un orden de operaciones de N al cubo. Este documento demuestra cómo la aplicación de rutinas de valores eigen iterativas a matrices de pesos escasos puede hacer posible la filtración para conjuntos de datos con un millón o más de observaciones, y estima empíricamente un conteo de operaciones sobre el orden de N. Asimismo, mostramos que el filtrado es más eficaz, tanto estadística como numéricamente, en matrices de pesos espaciales con más vecinos. Finalmente, mostramos que, aunque el filtrado de aspectos espaciales de los datos reduce la parcialidad en las estimaciones de parámetros, también filtra aspectos espaciales de interés, tales como los ‘spillovers’. 摘要: 各种形式的空间过滤法已成为解决统计模型空间依赖性的一种常用方法(Getis and Griffith, 2002; Griffith, 2003;以及Tiefelsdorf and Griffith, 2007)。然而, 空间过滤法在N较大时面临计算方面的挑战, 因为目前的方法要求N-立方阶操作。本文展示了针对稀疏权重矩阵使用迭代特征值例程如何能使一百万或更多的观测数据集的过滤成为可能, 并能凭经验估计N阶的操作计数。此外, 我们还展示, 对于有更多邻近值的空间权重矩阵来说, 无论从统计学角度还是数值角度看, 过滤性能都能得到改善。最后, 我们还展示, 虽然过滤掉数据的空间方位能减少参数估计的偏差, 但同时也会过滤掉有意义的空间方位, 例如外溢。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes how spatial techniques can be used to improve the accuracy of market value estimates obtained using multiple regression analysis. Alternative spatial autoregression model specifications; Description of potential real estate applications; Studies of single-family house prices; Implementation issues.

At the core of the process by which social services are delivered is the interview between providers and low-income clients. These interviews, while crucial to the continuation of the interviewer-interviewee relationship, are inhibited by forces such as the apparent defensive nature of the communication environment. Gibb's (1961) supportive- defensive paradigm was used as the conceptual basis for an investigation of the pattern of verbal and nonverbal behaviors manifest in such interviews. Communicative behaviors were examined to identify situations rated as defensive, supportive, or intermediate. Interview behaviors were analyzed using videotape in the field settings, and interview climates were characterized. The results suggest the validity of the supportive-defensive paradigm and further indicate that individual behaviors may be less important in identifying interview climate than are behavioral repertoires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the nature of the basic course in the field of communication. Purpose of the curriculum of organizational communication; Characteristics of institutions and departments offering the basic survey course; List of topics preferred by communication professors.

Reports on the content of the academic course in organizational communication. Units in business and professional speaking; Emphasis on communication behavior in organizational settings; Training on the use of the media in organizations.

This article provides a matrix representation of the adjustment grid estimator. From this representation, one can Invoke the Gauss-Markov theorem to examine the efficiency of ordinary least squares (OLS) and the grid estimator that uses OLS estimates of the adjustments (the "plug-in" grid method). In addition, this matrix representation suggests a generalized least squares version of the grid method, labeled herein as the total grid estimator. Based on the empirical experiments, the total grid estimator outperformed the plug-in grid estimator, which in turn outperformed OLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many of the results from real estate empirical studies depend upon using a correct functional form for their validity. Unfortunately, common parametric statistical tools cannot easily control for the possibility of misspecification. Recently, semiparametric estimators such as generalized additive models (GAMs) have arisen which can automatically control for additive (In price) or multiplicative (in in(price)) nonlinear relations among the independent and dependent variables. As the paper shows, GAMs can empirically outperform naive parametric and polynomial models in exsample predictive behavior. Moreover, GAMs have well-developed statistical properties and can suggest useful transformations in parametric settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Straightforward application of OLS to statistical mass appraisal models does not always produce defensible estimates due to debilitating levels of multicollinearity in the data as appraisers attempt to improve the predictive ability of their models through the inclusion of a long list of correlated property characteristics. The traditional cost approach does not suffer from this malady, but often does not predict market values well. An ideal assessment method would combine the predictive power of statistical appraisal models with the lack of cross-sectional error from the cost approach. This paper presents such a method and demonstrates its advantages both theoretically and empirically. The hybrid estimator, based upon a priori information and current market data is superior in prediction to standard OLS estimation under a variety of conditions. This superiority is demonstrated through cross-validation on random hold-out samples of various sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unrestricted nonlinear models typically outperform their simple linear counterparts in the hedonic pricing and mass assessment fields. Economic theory, however, suggests prior information that most naturally applies to the simple linear model. This article examines the consequences of translating this prior information across specifications. The results show that the addition of the prior information improved the ex-sample prediction accuracy over all sample sizes examined. The prior information effectively augments the sample size, thus extending the domain in of these models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an examination of spatial estimators. Use of sparse matrix techniques to storage requirements; Effects of adopting a first differencing model.