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Psychoanalysts and nonpsychoanalytic clinicians generally have a different view of the nature of symptoms. This contribution considers some aspects of maintaining a psychoanalytic perspective with regard to symptoms in the contemporary environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detailed, high-resolution images captured by drones pose challenges to target detection algorithms with complex scenes and small-sized targets. Moreover, targets in unmanned aerial vehicle images are usually affected by factors such as viewing perspective, occlusion, and light, which increase the difficulty of target detection. In response to the above issues, we propose an improved SDMSEAFYOLOv8 for target detection based on YOLOv8, combined with a Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network, to improve the sensing ability of the model for multiscale targets. A Space-to-depth layer replaces the traditional strided convolution layer to enhance the extraction of fine-grained information and small-sized target features. A Multi-Separated and Enhancement Attention module enhances the feature learning ability of the occluded target region, thus reducing missed and false detections. Four detection heads are employed for tiny target detection, each responsible for different size ranges, so as to improve the accuracy and robustness of small target detection. The conventional non-maximum suppression algorithm is improved, so as to reduce the problem of missed detections under a densely occluded scene by setting the attenuation function to adjust the confidence of the treated box based on the overlap between it and the highest-scoring box. Experiments demonstrate that the accuracy of SDMSEAF-YOLOv8 exceeds that of state-of-the-art models on the VisDrone2019-DET-val dataset, with a mAP of 42.9% at 640-pixel resolution, 14.8% over the baseline YOLOv8-x algorithm model, and 6.0% over the known state-of-the-art Fine-Grained Target Focusing Network model and with twice as fast detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is one of the most effective techniques for the formation of ultra-fine grained bulk material. The material is passed through the channel in the specially designed die in the ECAP process. The die design parameters like corner angle, channel angle and other parameters play an important role in the formation of ultra-fine grains. The die with optimum design parameters, with channel angle 90° and corner angle 20°, was designed and fabricated in the laboratory and commercial Aluminium AA6063 was used as sample material to investigate the mechanical behaviour/properties before and after the ECAP process. In the present work, the mechanical behaviour of commercially pure Aluminium processed by ECAP die with an optimum die design parameter is studied and examined. The path adopted was BC and pressing was done from 0 to 3 numbers of times. The results revealed that the grain size reduced from 530 to 220 nm and tensile strength increases from 275.8 to 368.4 MPa after three numbers of ECAP passes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the sequential parallel comparison design (SPCD) in stage 1, placebo subjects are randomized between placebo and an experimental therapy. In stage 2, stage 1 placebo non-responders are re-randomized between placebo and an experimental therapy. We give the formula for power/sample size calculations for two test statistics for the SPCD. The first one omits the correlation between the estimated treatment effects from the two stages, and the second one does not. We discuss how to construct a confidence interval for the weighted average of the treatment effects that has proper coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constrained groove pressing is one of the severe plastic deformation techniques to produce ultra-fine grained material. The process defects such as unevenness and cracks on sheet surface limit its commercial applications by reducing the pass numbers thereby the degree of grain refinement. The objective of the present study is to optimize the die design to increase the pass numbers on the basis of die geometry, material properties and sheet thickness by avoiding the local failure. Two response variables namely, maximum equivalent strain and strain inhomogeneity factor, were used to define the objective function. The principal component analysis followed by the gray relational analysis was deployed to develop a single objective function in terms of gray relational grade. A hybrid approach of genetic algorithm followed by gradient-based optimization was adopted to identify the optimal parameters. AA5083 sheets could be successfully deformed with the improved die design while in case of low carbon steel, the number of passes increased from five to seven. The maximum equivalent strain imparted in each material also increased. It has been observed that the yield strength of AA5083 sheet improved by 85% after the first pass with the modified die. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous methods are available to produce ultrafine grained material in severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques. Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is the most effective techniques to produce ultrafine grained composites with superior properties. The present investigation deals with the fabrication and comparison of Al 8011 composite by introducing various reinforcements such as Titanium carbide (TiC), Tungsten carbide (WC), Boron carbide (B4C) and Zirconium carbide (ZrC) through ARB technique by deforming plastically. Here, four specimens were prepared by incorporating 8 wt.% each of aforementioned carbide particles in Al matrix and compared with each other and characterized through advanced microscopic techniques such as SEM, EDAX, EBSD and TEM besides XRD. Furthermore, Vickers microhardness test and tensile test were conducted. The introduced reinforcement particles were found dispersed evenly throughout the surface by increasing the passes up to eight times. Among these reinforcements, Al 8011 – B4C composite has provided better strength than other composites due to following reasons: (i) high bonding of the interface between the sheets (ii) interlocking of B4C particles within the matrix (iii) higher hardness and strength. Hence, B4C reinforced Al composite claims greater significance for being recommended as an effective alternative for the aluminum material in load carrying applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly, museums are installing energy-saving light sources, such as LED (light emitting diode) lamps. LEDs represent an evolving technology; there are concerns about the effects of light spectra on artifacts, including textiles. Many LED models do not possess the same color rendering properties that observers are accustomed to, and it is important to understand the effects that spectra can play on dyed textiles. This research focuses on the visual effects of different light spectra, including those of LEDs, on textile colorants in order to gauge the range of color differences produced. Nine early synthetic dyes and one commercial fading standard were utilized. This paper summarizes our findings to date: that LED spectra with the same color temperature can render very different observable colors, especially with saturated colors. Saturated purples were found to be extremely hard to render accurately with LEDs. Other hues may also be compromised. Experimental work indicates that color temperature, illuminance level, and the commercial Color Rendering Index (CRI) are insufficient specifications for exhibitions LED light sources. An instrumental method for assessing LEDs before exhibition installation is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of severe plastic deformation on the thermal activation of dislocation gliding in ultralow-carbon steel at low temperatures were investigated. This was done by measuring the temperature dependences of the effective stress, activation volume and activation energy. It was found that the values of all these parameters were lower than those for coarse-grained specimens at low temperatures. In coarse-grained materials, the activation energy should increase with a decrease in the effective stress. This phenomenon, which seemed counterintuitive initially, could be physically interpreted on the basis of the fluctuation in the athermal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A psychophysical experiment was conducted to investigate the perceived color rendition of facial complexion under different spectral power distributions (SPDs). Sixty-three subjects completed a categorical evaluation of their own skin under 20 light sources at 2700 K (fluorescent and LED), in a full-size booth. The aim was to investigate the influence of SPD on the appreciation of observers of their own complexion. Three different types of skins were evaluated and statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences between some SPDs. Correlations between subjective estimation and color metrics were investigated to find which metrics best describes visual preference. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recently, severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques have been gaining wide popularity in developing nano/ultrafine grained (UFG) structured materials for a wide variety of applications. Among SPD techniques, there are a few techniques that are specially used to process metallic sheets and plates. Repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) is one such promising technique, which can produce fine grained structures in metallic sheets or plates in bulk. The process was introduced to develop UFG metallic sheets and plates nearly a decade ago and is now gaining great interest in the material processing field. The aim of the present review is to give a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of the process in developing fine grained structured sheets. Emphasis has been given to discuss different material systems processed by RCS. The mechanism behind the grain refinement during RCS, promising applications, and future perspectives in developing UFG structured sheets or plates by RCS are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A psychophysical experiment was conducted to investigate brightness perception and color preference under illumination from typical 3000 K blue-pumped light emitting diode (LED) A19 lamps (BP-LED) and 3000 K blue-pumped LED A19 lamps with diminished yellow emission (YD-LED). Eighty-seven participants between 19 and 25 years completed brightness matching and preference comparisons between two full-size side-by-side rooms that contained chromatic objects and still life arrangements, with one lamp type in each room. Participants had higher overall preference to the room illuminated by YD-LED. Specifically, red, green, orange, and wood objects were preferred under YD-LED; no preference was found for neutral, yellow, and blue objects between the two lamp types. The wordssaturated, vivid, vibrant, pleasant, inviting, colorful, stand-out, distinct, appealing, andcomfortablewere reported as reasons for the color preference under YD-LED;dull, dead, andfadewere used by participants to describe the lower color preference under BP-LED. Skin tone preference under the illumination of these two lamp types was significantly different between Asian (n= 32) and Caucasian (n= 52) participants. Caucasians evaluated their own skin tone more favorably under YD-LED, with the average assessment that skin appeared healthy and colorful under YD-LED but grey and pale under BP-LED. No preference between the two lamps was found among Asians for their skin tone, though some Asians thought YD-LED rendered their skin too red and odd. Many existing measures of color preference and gamut were able to predict the higher overall preference to YD-LED, but they could not predict the preference of specific colors or for ethnic groups. The higher saturation and preference for red and green colors under YD-LED illumination is consistent with the higher red–green opponent signal provided by YD-LED. Coupled with several past studies, the spectral region around 570–580 nm appears to be deleterious to color and brightness perception. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article studies the ‘pro-German Marxists’ grouped round the journalDie Glockein 1915–1919. These authors were leaders of the left wing of the German Socialdemocratic Party before 1914, and prominent anti-imperialist writers in that period. How, when war broke out, did they arrive at a ‘German victoryist’ line? Their development shows that the political collapse of 1914 was not just a collapse of the SPD centre but also of a section of its left, and also that anti-imperialist commitments were not a sufficient ‘inoculation’ against collapse. In some ways theDie Glockeauthors were more clear-sighted than other German Marxists, especially on world markets and the role of British imperialism, but they deprioritised political democracy in favour of ‘socialisation’, and by rejectinga prioriwhat would now be called a ‘third camp’ approach, were driven to a dead-end German-defencism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This present research work deals with the design by finite element method (FEM) of the dies required for the isothermal forging of a Francis turbine blade taking into account that the starting material has been previously nanostructured through severe plastic deformation by equal channel angular extrusion. This nanostructured material possesses improved mechanical properties and hardness, better forgeability, and, under specific conditions, a superplastic behavior. Once this material is obtained, its flow rule has been determined through compression tests at different temperature values along with its subsequent fitting with artificial neural networks. Later on, these rules will be employed in the FEM simulations included in this present study. Furthermore, the results of the processing of these materials are shown comparing the properties of the mechanical components after their isothermal forging at different temperature values both with predeformed and non-predeformed material. This work is at the cutting-edge of technology because there are only a few technical papers about forging applications of nanostructured material. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process is a promising technique for imparting a large plastic deformation to materials without a resultant decrease in cross-sectional area. In the present study, the suitability of this technique for the processing of tubular specimens has been investigated. Commercially pure aluminum was selected for the study. Tubular specimens were extruded to three passes using four processing routes through an ECAP die with an angle of 150° between the two intersecting channels. Sand was used as a mandrel during the pressing. Analysis of force–stroke diagram was carried out. The mechanical properties were also investigated. Improvement in mechanical properties was observed in all the routes. These investigations demonstrate that ECAP is a promising technique for improving properties of tubular materials while ensuring retention of shape (with the possibility of imparting further deformation to the specimen using the same die) and with low pressing pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosa Luxemburg's Reform or Revolution was the first clear statement warning of the danger of reformism to the socialist movement. Its arguments regarding such things as the function of credit, capitalist crisis and imperialism retain great contemporary relevance. Luxemburg rightly predicted that reformists were not proposing to reach the goal of socialism more slowly than revolutionaries, but were on the road to a different goal. This has been borne out by subsequent developments. Although there had been no previous analysis of reformism, Reform or Revolution is frequently overlooked owing to a focus on Lenin's writings. However, both thinkers’ works on this subject are complementary to each other. Nonetheless, there was a difference between the two over what practical conclusions to draw. Lenin established the Bolshevik Party to separate the revolutionary forces in Russia from the reformist Mensheviks. For all her opposition to reformism within the German Social Democratic Party (SPD), Luxemburg insisted that a separate revolutionary party should not be organized in Germany. In the two great tests of the time—the outbreak of World War I and the post-war revolutions—Lenin was proved right. Luxemburg paid for her mistake with her life. The situation was complex, however. Lenin never generalized from the establishment of the Bolsheviks and until 1914 accepted the leading role of the increasingly reformist SPD within the international Marxist movement. Conversely, Luxemburg was critical of the SPD's reformism but never established an independent revolutionary party to challenge for leadership of the German working class. Despite clarity over the false arguments of reformism, part of the problem that both socialist leaders faced was the lack of a firm understanding of the depth of reformism within the working class. However, this cannot overshadow the greatness of Reform or Revolution that so accurately predicted and explained the bankruptcy of social democracy and parliamentary reformism today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Revolutions of 1905-1906 were a watershed in Rosa Luxemburg's practical and theoretical thought. It was at this point that the changing nature of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) Executive became clear to her and the potential of mass strike (action) showed itself. Luxemburg believed that the debilitating potential of spontaneous mass strike could be utilised as a special weapon in times of revolutionary upheaval. Luxemburg intended mass strikes to be a tool used by the SPD in the overthrow of capitalism, but her theory posed a threat first to the SPD and then to the Comintern. This article will discuss why the SPD and the Comintern feared Luxemburg's concept of mass strike and the way in which both distorted her analysis to suit their own purposes. This article will argue that the SPD and the Comintern utilised similar methods to distort the meaning of her work in order to distance themselves, and the movement, from revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complementary source of white light composed of a conventional, white, phosphor-conversion light-emitting diode (LED) complemented with red-orange (625 nm) and cyan (505 nm) colored LEDs was modeled and optimized. In comparison with the conventional white LED, the optimal complementary device features a reduction of color temperature from 6725 K to 5400 K and improvement of the general color rendering index (CRI) from 73 to 90 with the minimal special CRI increased from -18 to 77. We demonstrated that the complementary source can be employed as a versatile white lamp with a trade-off between luminous efficiency and color rendering implemented by variation of contributions from the primary LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of a pilot study are presented that explored the hypotheses that brightness and color perception would be enhanced by increasing the proportion of spectral content within the 450-530-610 nm regions. Expert and naïve subjects completed a forced choice task, comparing pairs of offices illuminated at 538 lx (50 fc) with one of four different prototype lamps that varied in spectral content in the 450- 530-610 nm regions. Rooms illuminated with lamps having a higher percentage of their spectral power in these regions were perceived as brighter and more colorful. Expert and naïve observers had similar responses but the experts expressed their opinions more definitively. These data suggest that the perception of brightness, color, and visual clarity are more reliant upon the placement of radiant power within key spectral regions, rather than on the magnitude of the energy within those regions. These results cannot be explained with the S/P ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Americanization of Western European election campaigns has frequently been discussed, particularly in the media, but rarely defined. This article argues that the concept of professionalization better encompasses the process of change that can be observed in electoral communication. Professionalization is here regarded as a process by which the political actors adapt their strategies to changes in society and in the political system as well as to changes in the media system. The campaign of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) for the 1998 Federal Election is here described as an example of professionalized electioneering. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]