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Crime prediction is an effort to cut down the crime rate and criminal activities in the society. This paper concentrates on monitoring the crime trends in India using data from 2001 to 2019. The work analyzes the crime condition in India by following a top-to bottom approach and implementing visualization and machine learning algorithms. Heat map visualization of India is done to focus on specific crime types for all states. Furthermore, various demography of human population like age-groups, sex, caste, etc., are considered to have a larger perspective of the issue. The model also suggest proactive measures based on these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biomass of the lignocellulosic weed P. hysterophorus is abundant and wasteful in India. This study aimed to investigate the lignocellulosic weed P. hysterophorus for reducing sugar production. Therefore, several pretreatment methods, physical (Steam and Microwave), and chemical (alkalis and acids) were investigated to determine the statistically best conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis. The results revealed that alkali pretreatment (sodium hydroxide, 1.0% w/v) had the greatest impact on the production of reducing sugar (110.36 ± 0.05 mg/g substrate) from P. hysterophorus. The decrease in the lignin content and increase in carbohydrates from pretreated biomass was further validated using an ultrastructural technique (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction). The quantity of reducing sugars released was optimized using a response surface methodology, and the experimental results with optimized process variables gave 385.44 mg/g substrate reducing sugar. The investigations showed that P. hysterophorus can be utilized as a promising and low-cost biomass source for commercial ethanol production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The versatile use of biopigments in food, feed, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and analytical industries emphasized to find different and renewable sources of biopigments. Microalgae, including cyanobacteria, are becoming a potential candidate for pigment production as these have fast-growing ability, high pigment content, highly variable and also have "Generally recognized as safe" status. These algal groups are known to produce different metabolites that include hormones, vitamins, biopolythene and biochemicals. We discuss here the potential use of microalgal biopigments in our daily life as well as in food and cosmetic industries. Pigment like carotenoids has many health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and also provide photo-protection against UV radiation. This review details the effect of various abiotic and biotic factors such as temperature, light, nutrition on maximizing the pigment content in the microalgal cell. This review also highlights the potential of microalgae, whether in present native or engineered strain including the many metabolic strategies which are used or can be used to produce a higher amount of these valuable biopigments. Additionally, future challenges in the context of pigment production have also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]