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In this article I analyse a declining trend in effective capacity utilisation in the United States, using the output–capital ratio from the NBER-CES database as a proxy for effective capacity utilisation. After identifying determinants of normal capacity utilisation in the literature, I find that this declining trend in the FRB's capacity utilisation has also been present in the output–capital ratio of the NBER-CES sectoral database since 1958. Results suggest that relatively persistent technical (K/L), distribution (W/Y) and output changes have transitory effects on the output–capital ratio, my proxy for effective capacity utilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the common content knowledge (CCK) of tennis and volleyball among U.S. physical education PSTs at the time they entered their PETE program. A secondary purpose was to investigate the relationship between PSTs' CCK levels of volleyball and tennis when entering a PETE program. A total of 116 PSTs from seven universities in volleyball and 122 PSTs from eight universities in tennis participated in the study. The data sources included participants' demographic backgrounds and CCK assessments of volleyball and tennis. Descriptive statistics showed that PSTs' mean percentage of the correct scores for both volleyball and tennis CCK were below 45%. In addition, the linear regression analyses showed that university affiliation and playing experiences in volleyball accounted for 28.7% of CCK and university affiliation, sex, and playing experiences in tennis accounted for 22.2% of CCK. The findings of the study provide evidence to support the importance of teaching content knowledge in teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A teacher cannot teach what they do not know. Previous studies have demonstrated that increasing teachers' content knowledge (common content knowledge [CCK] and specialized content knowledge [SCK]) enhances teachers' teaching effectiveness, which in turn results in better student learning. In the limited curricular space available in physical education teacher education (PETE) programs, maximizing the allocated time for developing content knowledge among preservice teachers is crucial. The purpose of this article is to propose strategies for teaching content courses to develop preservice teachers' content knowledge using examples from volleyball. Various pedagogical strategies to develop content knowledge that can be used in classroom settings (e.g., repeated assessment, scaffolding, and modeling in different forms) are introduced. Increasing the amount of peer teaching and teaching of preK-12 students are also effective strategies to promote preservice teachers' learning of content knowledge and its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we redesigned paper-and-pencil activities and adapted them to an introductory multivariate calculus course supported by 3D dynamic geometry software. We used semi-structured interviews and students’ written productions during the semester to analyse the use of technology in supporting students’ learning. Considering the work of two students, we find that the software has transformative potential but that it did not promote students’ learning as expected. We discuss possible reasons for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several authors, especially those who share a Classical–Keynesian point of view, argue that the interest rate determines the rate of profit in the long run. Considering the eleven founding economies of the euro area, I find that, adjusted for the rate of growth of gross national income, there is a positive long-term relationship between the real interest rate and the net rate of profit. The results are confirmed even when I estimate a model with nominal interest rates, inflation, and a yield curve. These results imply that the European Central Bank (ECB), when deciding monetary policy, is not neutral in determining income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a revival of the so-called 'utilisation controversy' has seen several scholars engage in a lively debate that still revolves around the same old question: what should we expect, beyond the short run, with regard to the degree of capacity utilisation? In this article, we tackle this issue by investigating the relationship between the level of economic activity and the ensuing utilisation of existing capacity. In order to assess the effect of the former on the latter and to provide a robust and clear picture of this phenomenon, we use a Structural VAR and Local Projection methodologies to estimate three alternative models, based on monthly data on the US economy. After presenting our empirical results, which point to only temporary effects on capacity utilisation of shocks to the level of economic activity, we verify their compatibility with alternative demand-led growth models. We conclude that autonomous demand-led models cum convergence towards normal utilisation perform better in terms of consistency with the econometric evidence, while the latter seems to call for a re-examination of 'conventional' versions of the Neo-Kaleckian model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid transition from face-to-face to online teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic provided unprecedented experiences for Adapted Physical Education (APE) teachers while they have had many different emerging roles, demands, and expectations related to program delivery. The purpose of this study was to examine APE teachers' experiences teaching online during COVID-19. Participants included 11 APE teachers from the south region of the United States (8 females, 3 males). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with each participant. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Data analysis resulted in five themes: 'initial thought: how are we going to even do this?', 'challenges in teaching online', 'collaboration: key to overcome challenges', 'Parents' support is critical', and 'it's doable, but I am over it'. Despite the challenges experienced by the participants during COVID-19, they were able to navigate and adapt the online teaching; however, the quality and delivery of instruction declined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapevine cultivation is of historic importance arround the Mediterranean basin. The Spanish Levant is an area of notable grapevine diversity, where ancient varieties destined for producing wine, table grapes and raisins can still be found. For some of these neglected varieties, however, no complete description has ever been made; current legislation does not, therefore, allow their commercial use. The botanical characterization of old varieties is an important step toward their identification and can also help to clarify synonymies and homonymies, problems very commonly encountered with this crop. The present work provides ampelographic descriptions of seven genotypes for which microsatellite marker profiles were already available, and discusses the possible origins of their names, as well as instances of synonymy and homonymy. Seven accessions of ancient grapevine genotypes from the Spanish Levant were subjected to in situ ampelographic analysis following official methods. The characteristics of their leaves, bunches and berries were recorded. The ampelographic descriptions made in the present work provide insight into the history of cultivation of the examined genotypes and would pave the way for their inclusion in the Spanish national catalog, which would allow their commercial use. The information gathered on the possible origin of these genotypes' names, and instances of synonymy and homonymy, enriches our knowledge of this recovered germplasm. The present results contribute toward our understanding of Europe's grapevine genetic diversity, and highlight the need to conserve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and the corresponding risk factors among pregnant women during the confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain.Materials and Methods: Between 15 April and 14 May 2020, a multicentre cross-sectional survey was performed to study depression, anxiety and resilience in a sample of Spanish pregnant women during the lockdown set up by the Government in response to COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. We designed an anonymous online self-administered questionnaire (https://bit.ly/34RRpq1) that included the Spanish validated versions of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience 10-items Scale (CD-RISC-10).Results: A total of 514 pregnant women completed the survey. 72.8% had been confined < 40 days and 27.2% between 41 and 60 days. 182 (35.4%) participants scored over 10, with 21.3% scoring over 13 (75th Percentile) in depressive symptoms rates. We found high trait and anxiety scores, with 223 (43.4%) and 227 (44.2%) pregnant women scoring over the trait and state mean scores. Neither depression, anxiety or resilience levels showed any significant correlation with the length of confinement. We found low CD-RISC-10 scores.Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms during the quarantine, although we did not find an increased prevalence of psychological distress according to length of home confinement. Resilience correlated negatively with depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We state and prove a result which we regard as the group-theoretic analog of Kuratowski's famed closure-complement theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is the most abundant and widely distributed seabird breeding on the Patagonian Coast of Argentina. We combined conventional stomach content and stable isotope analysis to assess Magellanic Penguin diet during the chick rearing stage at the two northernmost colonies in an area subject to fisheries. In 2011 and 2013, Thornfish (Bovichtus argentinus) was the main prey by mass at Complejo Islote Lobos (63.0% and 32.3%, respectively) and Argentine Anchovy (Engraulis anchoita) at Estancia San Lorenzo (85.2 and 63.3%, respectively). Magellanic Penguins from both colonies showed low isotopic niche overlap in 2011 (36%) and no overlap in 2013, suggesting a different use of prey species and/or foraging areas. Stable isotope mixing models showed that Argentine Anchovy (52.8%) and Thornfish (65.9%) were the main prey at Complejo Islote Lobos in 2011 and 2013, respectively, while Patagonian Redfish (Sebastes oculatus) (46.4%) and Squat Lobster (Munida gregaria) (50%) were the main prey at Estancia San Lorenzo in 2011 and 2013, respectively. Results show that in addition to Argentine Anchovy, previously recognized as main prey for breeding Magellanic Penguins in northern Patagonia, other juvenile or small sized fish are important diet items. Diet results suggest different scenarios of food conditions for each colony, despite the relative short distance between breeding locations. The low contribution of Argentine Hake (Merluccius hubbsi) and Argentine Shortfin Squid (Illex argentinus) suggests a low trophic overlap with commercial fisheries. The information provided is key to understand changes in the marine ecosystem and potential penguin-fishery interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work compares the effects of two different rootstocks (110R and SO4) on a number of ampelographic and production variables in two grape cultivars ('Albarino' and 'Caino Tinto') of great importance in north-western Spain and in northern Portugal. Plants growing under the same conditions were studied over a period of three years. The effect of the two rootstocks differed depending on the cultivar. No influence of rootstock was seen on production in 'Albarino', but significant differences were seen in terms of cluster weight and weight of pruning wood in 'Caino Tinto'. The rootstock type did not influence the ampelographic characteristics of either cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1986, the Spanish CSIC began a project to find, describe, and recover ancient grapevine cultivars in the regions of Galicia and Asturias. Almost 100 such cultivars have been found, all of which now form part of the grapevine collection at the Mision Biologica de Galicia (CSIC). Until now, the red cultivars “Cascon” and “Corbillon,” two of the most ancient cultivars of the Ribeira do Ulla subzone Protected Designation of Origen (P. D. O.) Rias Baixas, remained undescribed. An ampelographic and molecular analysis of these cultivars showed them to in fact be one and the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aromatic compounds produced during the fermentation of the red grape cultivars Caiño Tinto, Caiño Longo, and Caiño Bravo were analysed by gas chromatography (FID) on the wines of 2002 and 2003 vintages. In both years, significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed between the wines with respect to the concentrations of aromatic compounds. Caiño Longo wines had the highest concentrations of acetates and esters. The concentrations of ethyl ester and acetates in Caíño Bravo wines were comparatively very low. Principal components analysis confirmed these results: the wines made from the different cultivars and the vintages were clearly different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]