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The purpose of this study was to understand how masculinity and race impact mental health among Black male graduate students. A qualitative study using in-depth interviews recruited Black male graduate students enrolled at a private university in the southern United States. Data were collected over zoom and recorded. Interviews were transcribed and the data were analyzed for similar themes. Twenty-nine Black male graduate students 23 to 51 were recruited. Participants reported the three main elements that impacted their mental health were (1) expectations, (2) pressure, and (3) being strong. These findings suggest that colleges need to develop programming to help Black men learn how to handle racial discrimination in positive ways. Additionally, findings also highlight the need for culturally relevant mental health services that let Black men know seeking help is ok and is what men do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most college students do not report sexual violence (SV) incidents reportable under Title IX to their universities. Several studies focus on Title IX in regard to gender equality in sports or SV survivors' perceptions of their Title IX experience. However, few studies examine the knowledge and perceptions of Title IX of the general college student body using qualitative methods. This study expands upon this literature by exploring college students' perspectives on Title IX, including the most recent amendments to Title IX regulations. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 55 students with different levels of Title IX experience at one university. The results show that, with the exception of students with Title IX experience, most students lack knowledge about Title IX regulations and procedures, but all students had high expectations of the Title IX office. There is also skepticism and confusion surrounding changes to Title IX regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Overdose deaths in the United States (U.S.) surpassed 100,000 in 2021. Problem-solving courts (PSCs), which originally began as drug courts, divert people with nonviolent felonies and underlying social issues (e.g. opioid use disorders (OUDs)) from the carceral system to a community-based treatment court program. PSCs are operated by a collaborative court staff team including a judge that supervises PSC clients, local court coordinators that manage PSC operations, among other staff. Based on staff recommendations, medications for opioid use disorders (MOUDs) can be integrated into court clients' treatment plans. MOUDs are an evidence-based treatment option. However, MOUDs remain widely underutilized within criminal justice settings partially due to negative perceptions of MOUDs held by staff. Objective. PSCs are an understudied justice setting where MOUD usage would be beneficial. This study sought to understand how court coordinators' perceptions and attitudes about MOUDs influenced their uptake and utilization in PSCs. Methods. A nationally representative survey of 849 local and 42 state PSC coordinators in the U.S. was conducted to understand how coordinators' perceptions influenced MOUD utilization. Results. Generally, court coordinators hold positive views of MOUDs, especially naltrexone. While state and local coordinators' views do not differ greatly, their stronger attitudes align with different aspects of and issues in PSCs such as medication diversion (i.e. misuse). Conclusions. This study has implications for PSCs and their staff, treatment providers, and other community supervision staff (e.g. probation/parole officers, court staff) who can promote and encourage the use of MOUDs by clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the self-reported family trees of 288 adult Argentines from a mid-size city near Buenos Aires to evaluate how intergenerational transmission of ancestry information matched (or not) anonymized estimates of continental-level genetic ancestry. Intergenerational transmission of ancestry information was inferred from the content of the anonymized family trees, and continental-level ancestries were inferred from genomic information collected from the participants. We found a high degree of concordance between genetic ancestry estimates and the transmission of ancestry information in ancestors born in Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. We found the reverse in ancestors who were Indigenous American, sub-Saharan African, or their descendants. Yet, the existence of those ancestors was evident in the genetic ancestry estimates. We extrapolated the presence of such ancestries in family trees post hoc by deducing that some ancestors identified as 'Argentine' in family trees were likely of mixed Indigenous- and non-Indigenous-descent, and possibly also sub-Saharan African descent. We describe these findings as products of a process of attrition, in which some ancestries, but not others, have been forgotten (knowingly or unknowingly) over the course of generations, to the point that participants were unaware that ethno-racial mixing occurred within their own families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. is an invasive species in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. To assist biocontrol initiatives and management of the species we examine genetic variation in these countries and compare this to samples collected from its natural range in Brazil. Tradescantia fluminensis comprises two genetic groupings in New Zealand, both of which are shared with Australia and South Africa. One of these genotypes is relatively common in New Zealand and this is also shared with a Brazilian population. Populations of T. fluminensis in Australia and South Africa are genetically more variable than in New Zealand. Two other entities, T. mundula Kunth (syn. T. albiflora hort.) and T. umbraculifera Hand-Mazz. (syn. T. aff. fluminensis "Big"), new names for naturalised species in New Zealand, also comprise distinct genetic groups. These genetic data emphasise the importance of correct taxonomic identification of weed species being considered for biological control programmes. Tradescantia mundula and T. umbraculifera share a similar genome size and chromosome numbers (2n = 66, 68, 70 and 2C = 14.9 picograms), whereas T. fluminensis had lower values (2n = 56, 58; 2C = 11.7 picograms). Self-pollinations of T. fluminensis and T. umbraculifera failed to produce seed, confirming that these two taxa are self-incompatible. Tradescantia mundula is self-compatible as the majority (93%) of self-pollinations produced fruit. Tradescantia umbraculifera produced a low number of fruit and seeds per fruit when pollinated by T. mundula, but no fruit or seeds were formed when it was pollinated by T. fluminensis. Tradescantia fluminensis pollinated with T. mundula or T. umbraculifera failed to produce fruit or seeds. Self-incompatibility and failure to set seed when cross-pollinated with other species suggests the invasive T. fluminensis does not pose a threat of seedling establishment in indigenous ecosystems and vegetative spread remains the main method of reproduction and invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deprived nature of restricted housing units (RHUs) leaves residents fraught with an innumerable amount of strain. Coupled with a problematic grievance system, the social structure of RHUs can prevent residents from attaining desired goals of basic needs through conventional/formal RHU routines and processes. Framing our data using Merton's strain theory, we find some residents turn to deviant innovative behaviors as a means of achieving basic goals when they have no legitimate way of attaining them otherwise. Analyzing data from interviews with 44 male residents, our study examines the characteristics of RHU residents' innovation. Our findings show these innovative behaviors are characterized by the number of actors, the communication style of the behavior, and the degree of violence. These findings begin to unpack how extremely punitive and tightly controlled sanctions may work in counterproductive ways. We also discuss the theoretical and policy implications of this contradictory behavior and what it means for prison administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on temple of Athena Nike, Athens in nineteenth-century photographs and relationship to classical sculptural fragments excavated, collected and pillaged from their places of origin. It explore medium of photography, and metaphors of the fugitive, in the context of nineteenth-century travelers' preoccupation with the fate of Athena Nike's wings. It also mentions rudimentary internet searches and is cited as evidence of the eroticism.

The article tackles various issues related to post-medieval/historical archaeology worldwide as of November 15, 2017. These issues include the laws on archaeological heritage in Spain, the condition of later historical archaeology on Borneo, post-medieval archaeology, and government and professional support for archaeologists.

This essay takes up Alan Sinfield's memory of childhood summers spent at Prestatyn Holiday Camp in Wales. It explores his enjoyment of modern seaside luxury in the post-war period in relationship to issues of class and gender affecting disadvantaged groups in Britain. Conveying not only his own holiday pleasure, but also that of his widowed mother Lucy, Alan's affective image of Prestatyn, set against George Orwell's critique of the new 'pleasure spots', gets to the heart of that cultural conservatism that often accompanied political radicalism in the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments were conducted over 5 years to understand the seasonal phenology of bare-rooted ‘Festival’ strawberry plants (Fragaria×ananassa) growing at Nambour in southeastern Queensland, Australia. Yields ranged from 661 to 966 g/plant, and average seasonal fruit fresh weight ranged from 15 to 18 g. The growth of the leaves, crowns, roots, flowers and fruit over time followed a linear or sigmoid pattern. Maximum values of leaf, crown and root dry weight towards the end of the growing season about 190 days after planting were 30, 15 and 7 g/plant, respectively. The rates of leaf and crown growth were lower than those achieved in California under a Mediterranean climate. There were strong relationships between the allocation of dry matter to the leaves, crowns and roots and plant dry weight. Allocation to the leaves, and especially to the crowns and roots, declined as the plants grew. The number of fruit/plant increased initially over time with a decline later in the season. Average fruit fresh weight was generally higher early in the season and then declined as fruit production increased. There were strong relationships between the growth of the whole plant and the growth of the flowers and immature fruit, and leaf expansion, across the growing season and across the 5 different years. These results indicate that seasonal growth and potential productivity were strongly linked to the expansion of the leaves in this environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hourly neurologic assessments for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the critical care setting are common practice but prolonged use may actually be harming patients through sleep deprivation. We reviewed practice patterns at our institution in order to gain insight into the role of frequent neurological assessments. Methods: A 6-month retrospective review was performed for patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with the diagnosis of TBI. Electronic medical records were reviewed based on billing codes. Variables collected included but were not limited to patient demographics, frequency of nursing neurologic evaluations, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), length of stay (LOS), and disposition. Results: A total of 124 patients were identified, 71% male with the average age of 52 years (range 19-96). Traumatic brain injury was classified as severe in 44, moderate in 18, and mild in 62 patients. A total of 89 (71.8%) patients underwent hourly nursing assessments for an average of 2.82 days. The median LOS for all patients was 7 days (range 0-109). There were 18 patients who remained on hourly neurological assessments for greater than 4 days and had a greater LOS (23 days vs 9 days, P = 0.001). Only two patients required surgery after 48 hours, both for chronic subdural hematomas. Discussion: Hourly neurologic checks are necessary in the acute period for patients with potentially expansible intracranial hemorrhages or malignant cerebral edema, but prolonged use may be harmful. Patients with a low probability of requiring neurosurgical intervention may benefit from reducing the total duration of hourly assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1860, Roger Fenton exhibited a distinctive set of photographic still lifes. Little did viewers of the time know that these would be among his last photographs. Technically accomplished, large in format and expensively priced, the prints of fruit and flowers – some including plaster figurines – stretched the limits of the photographic medium by transforming the look of monochrome. Although in some ways strikingly atypical, in their rendering the ‘black and white’ medium newly commensurate with a popular genre, the sumptuous still lifes perpetuate a vital connection with the medium of sculpture characteristic of Fenton’s earlier photographs. That connection emerges in the propensity of such photographs to petrify – turn to stone as it were – those objects they capture while simultaneously holding their potential for subsequent metamorphosis. Such a quality of transformation, most obviously present in Fenton’s photographs of antiquities in the British Museum, is also at work in his landscapes. Indeed, as the natural world is petrified in his views of north Wales, Fenton highlights the implicit metamorphosis within the apparent stasis, or characteristic immobility, of the photographic image. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Industry "clusters" are groups of businesses that are part of the same industry, share a common characteristic, coordinate some parts of their business activities but are competitive in others, and are geographically located near each other. Recent research has recognized the importance of industry clusters to regional development, competitiveness, and innovation. In particular, clusters are promoted as innovative models for rural communities in the face of globalization. Our research takes several lessons from industrial cluster research and applies them to clusters of small farms in the Northeast United States. As part of an on-going research and extension project, we are investigating the processes by which agricultural clusters form and the methods by which cluster members communicate, share and create knowledge, innovate in management, and relate to their surrounding communities. In this article we examine the ways in which agricultural clusters lead to more viable farms and sustainable rural communities. Data for this article are drawn from 51 key informant interviews from seven small farm clusters in the Northeast. Our findings are useful for cluster members and communities interested in promoting clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author reports the outcomes of studying a programme that provided 35 primary school children with weekly, individual, half-hour listening and talking sessions with an adult over 10 weeks. The skilled adult ‘Listening Partners’ offered an open agenda and a private space away from the classroom. The children could use the session as they chose. The consequences of this intervention were measured against the experience of a control group of children. Evidence of change was collected by comparing results from a standard listening test, teacher assessments, National Curriculum assessments and behavioural records. The author explores two central questions: how does increasing the amount of time that a child has the individual, listening attention of an adult affect that child's capacity to listen, understand and respond constructively to what is said to them in a teaching and learning situation? Are there any other effects on children in school who receive this one-to-one attention? The study showed that the focused attention of a trusted adult provided children with opportunities to communicate, notably disclosing child protection issues that may otherwise have remained uninvestigated. Increasing the opportunities for children to experience being listened to by a skilled adult positively affected their educational progress. She argues that skilled listeners have a significant effect on children's learning and on some children's behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do we reconcile recent photographic representations of the "innocence' of childhood with the UN statistics on child poverty and ages of criminal responsibility? Britain has one of the highest levels of child poverty in the European Union and two of the lowest ages of criminal responsibility - 10 in England and 8 in Scotland - yet it continues to feed to a viewing public images of children that play upon a concept of innocence. A discussion of the developmental category of childhood alongside that of the medium of photography in the nineteenth century brings to the fore the heart of such contradictions. A shift in the predominant understanding of the term "innocence' throws into relief that which is at stake in an assumed compatibility between a child and its photographic representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gall wasp, Aulacidea subterminalis, was released into the field in New Zealand in 1999 for biocontrol of the grassland weed Hieracium pilosella. To predict its likely impact in the field, the effect of the gall wasp on plant growth was measured under stress-free conditions in a shade house trial with potted plants. Plants with galls showed a reduction in stolon length of 75%. They had slightly lower total dry matter and reduced root weight. In a glasshouse experiment to measure the impact of water stress, nutrient stress, and plant competition on growth of H. pilosella and performance of the gall wasp, the number and mean diameter of gall clusters were not significantly different between treatment and control plants. However, galled plants produced more, but shorter, stolons in all stress treatments, and stolons that were more branched in nutrient- and water-stressed plants, than ungalled plants. Under the plant competition treatment, total stolon length relative to biomass was greater with, than without, wasps, indicating that stolons were thinner. Galling by A. subterminalis is likely to reduce vegetative reproduction of H. pilosella whether or not the plants are stressed, indicating that the wasp may be a successful biocontrol agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the work of British portrait photographer Madame Yevonde Cumbers in the early 1930s. Yevonde's bold and creative use of the Vivex color process; Celebration of polychrome as integral to the image and color as a type of excess meaning that is not accommodated by laws of narrative; Demonstration of the theoretical implications of the capacity for monochrome to hold the potential to register what which eludes it.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Pretty Babies: Art, Erotica or Kiddie Porn?," by Susan Edwards in the Spring 1994 issue.