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Background: Youth suicide is a major public health concern worldwide. Public service announcements (PSAs) may have a role in suicide prevention, as part of broader suicide prevention campaigns.Method: We conducted a double-blind four arm randomized controlled trial in which 18 to 24 year olds were allocated to watch one of three suicide prevention PSAs intervention PSAs or a control PSA. Participants provided data prior to viewing their allocated PSA and again four weeks after viewing it. Our primary outcome was a change in participants' attitudes toward the preventability of suicide, and analysis was conducted on an intention-to-treat basis.Results: A total of 349 participants were randomized to one of four groups and 266 participants provided pre and post viewing data. Across the four groups, no significant change was observed in our primary outcome: attitudes toward the preventability of suicide (p = .455). There were also no differences between groups on secondary outcomes, namely other attitudes toward suicide (permissiveness, incomprehensibility, avoidance and loneliness), risk taking behavior, levels of distress, suicidal ideation, and likelihood of help-seeking and actual help-seeking.Conclusion: Our study has highlighted that attitudes and help-seeking intentions in young adults are difficult to change with low intensity one-off exposure to PSA messages. Further research is required to understand the factors that contribute to safe and effective messaging about suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Man Up is a three-episode documentary in which Sydney radio personality, Gus Worland, explores the relationship between masculinity and suicide. Our evaluation of Man Up suggested that it changed attitudes, intentions and behaviours that place men at risk. This paper aimed to identify the 'active ingredients' responsible for these outcomes. Method: We analysed comments from those who had participated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) or an online survey as part of our evaluation or had emailed us via the Man Up website. We also analysed reactions to Twitter and Facebook posts about the show. We ranked the top five themes emerging from each data source. Results: Particular scenes seem to strike a chord with audiences (e.g. a workshop with high school boys, the development/screening of a campaign ad called Man Up, Speak Up). The emphasis on men showing emotion and facts and figures about male suicide also appear important, as do representation by rural men and those who have lost a man to suicide. Discussion: The above segments and topics have credibility as the 'active ingredients' of Man Up and could form the core of a shorter version of the show. Our findings have implications for others developing media-based mental health promotion programs for men too. They suggest that messaging is likely to achieve positive results if it relates to men in meaningful ways, recognises the societal pressures that operate on them, does not simplify complex issues like suicide, and combines heartfelt stories with scientific data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite growing awareness of adverse mental health consequences, the scarce existing evidence on the link of disaster exposure and suicidality has remained inconclusive, and the differential suicidality risk associated with distinct levels of natural and man-made disaster exposure is unknown. We therefore investigated the lifetime prevalence and risk of suicidal behavior associated with natural and man-made disaster exposure in Australia. Method: We utilized data from a nationally representative mental health survey (n = 8,841). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the lifetime risk of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts associated with varied types and levels of disaster exposure. We focused explicitly on natural and man-made disasters while controlling for other types of trauma exposure, including established risk factors for suicidality. Results: Multivariate analyses indicated that those exposed to multiple natural (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.04, 4.71], p < .05) or man-made disasters (AOR 3.4, 95% CI = [1.20, 9.58] p < .05) were at significantly greater risk of making suicide attempts, whereas single natural or man-made disaster exposure was not associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior. Conclusions: Our study findings establish the differential suicidality risk associated with natural and man-made disaster exposure in Australia and highlight the critical role of repeat disaster exposure across distinct disaster types. Suicidal behavior may warrant increasing attention in psychosocial recovery schemes, particularly in the context of disaster-prone areas and for population groups at elevated risk of repeat disaster exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media campaigns have received increased attention as an intervention for combating suicide. Suicide prevention campaigns involving public service announcements (PSAs) have not been well described and have been subject to minimal evaluation. This study aimed to identify suicide prevention PSAs from around the world and analyze and describe their content. We searched the Internet for short, English-language PSAs that had been screened as part of suicide prevention campaigns and identified 35. Most commonly, these PSAs focused on the general population and/or people who might be at risk of suicide, and had a particular emphasis on young people. Almost 60% promoted open discussion about suicide, around 50% indicated that the life of a suicidal person was important, about 40% acknowledged the suffering associated with suicidal thoughts and feelings, about 25% stressed that suicide is preventable, and about 20% focused on the devastating impact of suicide for those left behind. Most PSAs promoted some sort of support for people at risk of suicide, usually a helpline or website. Although these messages appeared appropriate and practical there is a lack of research on the impact that they may have on people with varying degrees of suicide risk. Further work is needed to ensure that they are consistent with theories of behavior change, and that they are having their desired impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The importance of addressing health disparities experienced by boys and men reached tangible prominence in Australia with adoption of the 2010 National Male Health Policy and the establishment of a national longitudinal study on male health—Ten to Men. Ten to Men is based on a holistic model of health with a strong focus on social determinants and health and well-being over the life course. Given the life course focus, we set out to assess if health-related characteristics and the correlates of self-rated health differ across the life course among four sociologically defined generations of Australian males. While some differences in the correlates of good or excellent health were observed across generations, addressing obesity and depression appear to be important for improving the health of Australian males of all ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]