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The article analyzes the factors that impact corruption perception at individual levels. Based on a survey of 12,010 Kazakhstanis, the study investigates people's assessment of corruption in Kazakhstan and their attitudes toward government anticorruption policy. The result reveals that, on average, the population perceives that a high rate of corruption exists in Kazakhstan. Simultaneously, the regression analysis shows that there are three main determinants that affect people's perception of corruption. First, and most saliently, regional and cultural backgrounds do have an impact on people's perception of corruption levels. In addition, the study results reveal that among the participants' demographic and social qualifiers, the education level has considerable influence in driving perceptions. Finally, the findings point out that actual experience with corruption play a significant role in forming views regarding the overall level of corruption in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the benefits and drawbacks associated with distance/online learning in Kazakhstan during the Covid-19 pandemic. The responses of the 31,300 parents surveyed, as well as in-depth interviews with 65 parents, are used to construct several regression models to better understand how parents perceive the educational quality of distance/online learning in today's circumstances. The regression results show that the age of the parent and the level of family income are positively correlated with the parents' level of satisfaction with the provided distance/online learning, while the number of children in a family is negatively related to the parents' satisfaction with the learning process. The study finds a statistically significant association between parents' satisfaction with the quality of education and their assessment of teachers' competencies, and the level of government readiness to switch to the distance/online learning format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]