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Restorative justice (RJ) practices have expanded significantly with the aim of improving school safety. Despite RJ's potential for transformative change, the factors driving these changes have rarely been the focus of rigorous scientific investigation. This qualitative study applies a system change framework to examine how organizational system structures (i.e., resources, beliefs, policies, decision-making, and power) affect RJ implementation. This study leverages an experimental design to understand how enhancing staff capacity to implement RJ programming can promote system change. Findings highlight the influence of material resources, social relationships, beliefs about teaching and discipline, and decision-making by principals on the implementation of RJ practices. Findings also underscore the importance of developing RJ staff capacity to create a resource-rich environment that promotes implementation and drives system changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zone A in Nanpu Sag of Bohai Bay has the characteristics of multiple provenances, multiple sedimentary systems, fast phase transition, many faults, a short fault distance, thin reservoirs and rapid lateral changes. At present, due to the low resolution of seismic data and thin sand layer of the target formation, it is difficult to depict the channel sand body, and it is also difficult to meet the requirements of accurately implementing low amplitude structures, reservoir prediction and well location deployment. When a seismic wave propagates in the stratum, it has the characteristics of multi-scale, multi-resolution and multi-directionality, while the Curvelet transform has the advantage of expressing these characteristics. In this paper, according to the geological characteristics and seismic response characteristics of continental thin interbedded strata in zone A, the seismic data are first transformed to the Curvelet domain. Then, the formation absorption and seismic wave attenuation are compensated in the Curvelet domain. Lastly, the data mentioned above are inversely transformed into the time–space domain. This paper presents the method and process of using the Curvelet transform to enhance the resolution of seismic data in thin interbedded strata. The application of a theoretical model and field data show that this method can effectively enhance the resolution of seismic data while maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio. The innovative use of this method in zone A lays the foundation for the follow-up work of this structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the role of users' proactive personality when they mitigate the adverse impacts of ICT's (information and communication technologies') technostress in an experimental setting. Further, this study examines genuinely two types of individuals' proactive personality, i.e. confront and transform. Both types can handle ICT's technostress creators by different attitudes and behaviours. This article contributes to a novelty by inducing chaos theory. This inducement laid in the experimental setting that the users had been in a chaotic situation. Results of this research show that users' proactive personality mitigates the negative impact of ICT's technostress on their performance and satisfaction. This study found that the user's proactive personality, rested in a chaotic situation, does mitigate greatly. This research finds that users' performance and satisfaction are higher to the proactive personality verging to the transform than that of confront. It implies that information system managers should consider the ICT user's characteristics. Besides, it means that ICT's developer should make users do their innovativeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curvelets are multiscale and multidirectional operators that have many applications in image and data processing. Because of the effect of depth and source dimensions on the wavelength (or frequency content) of potential field anomalies, the study of magnetic data in the curvelet domain is of interest. In this paper, the consequences of transforming magnetic data to the curvelet domain are studied using synthetic models and real data for the first time. Based on the results of the theoretical models, we applied the method to airborne and ground magnetic survey data. We show the utility of the curvelet transformation for removing relatively large amounts of noise and its utility as a qualitative method for relatively robust delineation of magnetic sources, especially sources that are close, with overlapping anomalies. In the first step, the data in the curvelet domain are divided into scales or bands. Each scale is then split into multiple sub-bands that have different directional properties. We focus on the scale properties of magnetic data by studying the effects of debilitation or removing some scales in the curvelet domain. The first band (scale 1) of magnetic data in the curvelet domain corresponds to lower frequencies and contributes most to the energy of the signal. Thus, decreasing or removing this scale can highlight detailed (high-frequency) information. By contrast, the highest band has the highest frequency content and contains most of the noise. In this paper, we show that applying the inverse curvelet transform to the middle bands only (after deleting both low and high bands) gives the best results for the purpose of defining the horizontal locations of compact magnetic bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diverse, urban district's Personalized Learning Initiative (PLI), committed to transforming instructional tasks through integration of technology, created spaces for collaboration, voice, and choice for the PLI teachers and students. The teachers and students used various web-based technologies for collaboration with their peers, had more choices in teaching and learning and voice in making instructional decisions through meaningful integration of technology. The PLI's aims include 1) accelerating transformation of learning experiences for all students and preparing future teachers with necessary competencies for the 21st-century skills set and 2) designing learning opportunities and teaching practices that realize student's full potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid-fueled nuclear reactors, particularly molten salt reactors (MSRs), have recently gained significant interest in the advanced reactor community. As with all reactors, modeling and simulation are critical to advanced reactor design and licensing and will be required for MSR deployment. However, there are significant gaps in existing simulation capabilities for MSRs, particularly with the unique challenges of liquid-fueled systems (e.g., fission product transport). Furthermore, advanced reactor designers require near-term tools that are readily modifiable to perform design and analysis, including the ability to extend their analysis beyond the primary system to auxiliary systems. Transient Simulation Framework of Reconfigurable Models (TRANSFORM), a Modelica-based, system modeling library developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is an advanced tool that can help meet some of the near-term needs of the advanced reactor community. This paper describes advanced system modeling criteria and presents TRANSFORM to the advanced reactor community by demonstration of system modeling capabilities and support of advanced analysis workflows, i.e., the Risk Analysis Virtual Environment (RAVEN) framework from Idaho National Laboratory, using the liquid-fueled Molten Salt Demonstration Reactor (MSDR) as a reference design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study sought to use child and parent counselling to investigate aspects of maladjustment in parent–child and peer relationships of children who had been exposed to excessive private education in early life. Method: The Case study method was used for three children and their mothers, analyzing the process of transformation in awareness of the issue of excessive education, based on the content of the counselling session. Result: The process of change in awareness of problems due to their experiences of excessive private education experiences was divided into five domains and 13 categories. The participants showed that they were aware of the problems in their relationship and consequently made changes to their lives. Conclusion: This study found that counselling helped alleviate the aforementioned problems, which suggests the need for preventive interventions on parent–child relationship in the context of the negative effects of excessive private education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have recovered legacy 2D seismic data from the Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana, which show signatures associated with the coalbed-methane-bearing seams of the Mmamabula and Morupule formations. These deeply buried coal seams (∼ 500 m below surface) may represent a new alternative source of energy for the region. Prior to interpreting the seismic data, we improved imaging of the coal seams by attenuating noise with the curvelet transform. The data were transformed to the curvelet domain, and scale and angular direction thresholds were selected and applied, thereby removing previous processing artefacts and noise. The resulting denoised seismic data are characterised by a high signal-to-noise ratio, showing a clear continuity of the seismic reflections associated with the coal seams. We constrained the seismic interpretation with borehole logs, which confirmed the locations of the coal sequence at the top of the Mmamabula and Morupule formations. The curvelet-denoised seismic sections enable a more reliable mapping of the coal zone, which is displaced by major faults with throws of up to ∼ 500 m. Following these encouraging results, we emphasised the value of enhancing and reinterpreting legacy data, as it is a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly method for deep coal seam and mineral exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mandate to deliver correctional education to incarcerated individuals emanates from the United Nation Declarations, Conventions and Standards. Consequently, numerous countries worldwide utilize correctional education as a rehabilitation programme to transform offenders into law-abiding and productive citizens upon release. But, there are still miscellaneous debates on the effectiveness of correctional education. High recidivism rates seem to be a global challenge. The assumption is that correctional education may help in reducing crime and recidivism rates. Literature suggests that correctional education changes behaviour, improves self-confidence, reduces recidivism rates and transforms offenders into law-abiding citizens on release. Convergent mixed methods design was adopted to investigate the transformative effect of correctional education. This study was conducted to former incarcerated individuals who attended correctional education programmes during incarceration period in South Africa. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were utilized as data collection instruments. Quantitative and qualitative data were given equal status in the research field. Quantitative findings demonstrate with an overwhelming majority that correctional education transforms offenders. Qualitative findings confirm that correctional education changes behaviour, boosts self-confidence and transforms offenders into law-abiding and productive citizens. Based on these findings, this study concludes that correctional education transforms offenders since it boosts self-esteem and confidence, revives humanity, improves literacy levels, equips with skills and transforms offenders into law-abiding and productive citizens on release. This study recommends increased implementation of vocational education programmes. This aspect may help in reducing crime, recidivism rates, poverty and inequality. Equally, this study recommends international research on the effect of correctional education on recidivism rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless image sensor networks are capable of sensing, processing and transmitting the image in hard-to-access regions without expensive network infrastructure and will have great contribution in Internet of Things. These networks are resource constraint systems with limited memory, energy, processing speed and bandwidth. Low computational energy and communication energy will improve the lifetime of these resource-limited networks. In this paper, an energy-efficient low-memory and low-bitrate image coding is designed exclusively for low-power camera-equipped sensor node. The performance of the proposed image coder is analysed in terms of bitrate, image quality, memory size and energy consumption. Experiments are carried out with Atmel ATmega128 processor. The experimental results show that this system consumes only 0.23% of energy consumed by true Discrete Cosine Transform-based Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard and offers reasonable image quality suitable for visual perception at low bitrate. This system requires only 19% of memory required by standard JPEG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Makeover television is generally interested in transforming individuals. Often these programmes alter participants on an individual basis, ignore structural problems, and enforce normative ideas of the good citizen. An important role is preserved for celebrities, considered able to help these individuals by performing the role of expert. This article aims to demonstrate how celebrities are legitimised with the power to transform young individuals in a television programme. Specifically, the article inquires how celebrities are represented as key actors in the process of transforming young individuals within a Dutch context in which ordinariness is promoted. To this end, a textual analysis is conducted of the Dutch programmeIt Gets Better. This article reveals how the programme constructs celebrities as the only way to solve the participants’ problems. On the one hand, they are able to connect with audiences and participants because their ordinariness eases identification and access. The programme particularly emphasises the ordinariness of Dutch celebrities while connecting it to their personal experiences with the issue at stake in the past. On the other hand, their extraordinary status in society gives them authority. The articulation of the celebrity status to personal experiences is pivotal for the transformation to take place. The critical moment of change is when celebrities deliver their messages to the individuals personally and act as a friend; consequently, individuals feel honoured to interact with them and take celebrities’ messages seriously. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Mélanges occur as discontinuous, mappable, units along an extensive N–S-trending, steeply dipping zone of distributed shear in metamorphic complexes along the coast of central Chile. Large mélange zones, from north to south, near Chañaral, Los Vilos, Pichilemu, and Chiloé Island, contain variations in lithologic and structural detail, but are consistent in exhibiting cross-cutting fabric features indicating a progressive transition from earlier ductile to more brittle deformation. In the Infiernillo mélange near Pichilemu, Permian to Early Triassic, sub-horizontal schistosity planes of the Western Series schist are disrupted, incorporated into, and uplifted along high-angle, N–S- to NNE–SSW-trending brittle–ductile shears. Mylonitic and cataclastic zones within the mélange matrix indicate active lateral shear during cumulative exhumation from depths exceeding 12 km in some areas. Exotic lithologies, such as Carboniferous mafic amphibolite and blueschist, formed during earlier Gondwanide subduction, match well with similar rocks in the Bahia Mansa to Los Pabilos region 750 km to the south, suggesting possible dextral offset. The development of the Middle to Late Triassic, N–S=trending, near-vertical shear zones formed weaknesses in the crust facilitating later fault localization, gravitational collapse, and subduction erosion along the continental margin. The length and linearity of this zone of lateral movement, coincident with a general hiatus of regional arc magmatism during the Middle to Late Triassic, is consistent with large-scale dextral transpression, or possible transform movement, during highly oblique NNE–SSW convergence along the pre-Andean (Gondwana) margin. The resultant margin parallel N–S-trending shear planes may be exploited by seismically active faults along the present coastal area of Chile. The palaeo-tectonic setting during the transitional period between earlier Gondwanide (Devonian to Permian) and later Andean (Late Jurassic to present) subduction may have had some similarity to the presently active San Andreas transform system of California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological use is increasingly prevalent in education. This article proposes a systematic way to conceptualize, incorporate and utilize the current technology in gifted education, namely, using “enable, enhance, and transform” as a working framework. It consists of three main functions of technological support: (a) technologyenablesgifted education to expand its capacity of service; (b) technologyenhancesthe quality of gifted education; and (c) technologytransformsgifted education by creating new directions and possibilities. The extant literature is reviewed in the hopes of understanding the current situation of technology use in light of this framework. The review shows that well-designed research is sorely needed that goes beyond mere advocacy to articulate the role of technological support and test its effectiveness in achieving specific goals of gifted education provisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the research question, “How can the use of information and communication technology (ICT) enable development of markets at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP)?” Integrating ideas centered on the threefold role of ICT (automate–informate–transform), market mechanisms, and agency freedom aspects of ICT-enabled development, we examine how (1) ICT facilitate development of market mechanisms at the BOP, (2) market mechanisms enable economic and social benefit outcomes for BOP markets and members, and (3) complementary conditions facilitate or hinder ICT-enabled market development. The findings are based on qualitative primary data from interviews with 27 BOP individuals from India, and from published and secondary examples. Theoretical contributions and implications for practice and further research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the reality of trauma in our world and the possibility of utilizing forgiveness as a therapeutic tool to enable victims to transform the wounds of trauma. It attempts to define forgiveness and proposes instances when forgiveness will be appropriate and situations when it would be clearly inappropriate. doi:10.1300/J515v09n02_03 [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]