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Restoring a World Natural Heritage Site (WNHS) after a disaster to attract tourists raises multifaceted issues that concern heritage authenticity, environmental ethics, and tourists' acceptance. In the case of Jiuzhaigou post-earthquake landscape, this study analyses authenticity perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of tourists and explores environmental ethics through three perspectives. Results reveal tourists' authenticity perception affects their attitudes and behaviors towards environmental restoration. Moreover, tourists tend to recognize and support Awe for Nature (Awe-N) more than Respect for Nature (Res-N) and significant differentiation exists among potential tourists according to their environmental ethics, demographic characteristics, and behaviors. Altogether, our work presents innovative arguments on post-disaster WNHS restoration by highlighting the complexities of heritage authenticity, environmental ethics, and tourist' dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As cultural carriers of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), practitioners are key stakeholders in its inheritance and tourism use. Master-apprentice transmission is a major mechanism of generational inheritance. This paper examines ICH masters and apprentices at the Arts & Crafts Museum of Hangzhou, China, and analyzes the cultural composition of handicraft ICH and its intergenerational evolutionary mechanisms. Semi-structured interviews with two generations of practitioners and participant observation were undertaken. Research results reveal that intergenerational evolution involves multifaceted stakeholder interactions centred on practitioners with the support of government, management of the museum and participation of visitors. With patterns of family and master-apprentice inheritance, two generations of practitioners facilitate the evolution of handicraft ICH though both co-creations and conflicts. Second, six cultural attributes for handicraft ICH as of material, pattern, shape, technique, image and system are identified to visualise the process of intergenerational evolution. Third, driven by internal and external factors, ICH evolves through tracks of inheritance, selection and variation as presented through the above six cultural attributes. Moreover, the interdependence of cultural elements highlights the heritage framework of handicraft ICH and reflects the fluidity of authenticity. Accordingly, theoretical contributions and future research directions are offered for the sustainable development of handicraft ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both livelihood resilience and sustainability have received substantial attention from tourism researchers. Capital is crucial to livelihood resilience, and different livelihoods depend on different asset portfolios. However, the transformation of capital across livelihoods has not been examined carefully. Instead of treating capital as singular, we investigate capital as a multiplicity. We evaluate the transformation of capital through a qualitative approach to better understand livelihood resilience through changes in asset assemblages. We made multiple field visits to a Chinese coastal community that is developing a tourism industry, where we collected data through semi-structured interviews and observation that revealed that livelihood capitals have multiple properties and functions, enabling their transformation among asset assemblages. The buffering capacity of livelihood systems, and thereby the livelihood resilience of fishing households, substantially depends on the transformation of capitals. We conclude that the understanding of livelihood resilience can be deepened through assemblage thinking that considers both the multiplicity of capitals and their relations in different production contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few tourism studies have focused on tourists who have been victims of a disaster. Their destination attachment has implications for re-establishment of market confidence and resilience. Structural equation modelling of data from 242 tourists who were victims of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake was used to explore their feelings of attachment. The results confirm that earthquake-affected tourists can generate positive emotional attachment toward the destination. Destination attachment is related to such factors as positive emotions, social support, and severity of disaster exposure. Positive emotions mediate the relationships between severity of disaster exposure, social support and destination attachment. It is revealed that experiences of a disaster event can be a turning point, prompting positive change in tourist-destination relationships across the destination life-cycle. Implications for emergency management and for post-disaster market recovery are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reflect the intricate relationships between heritage, tourism, and community pertinent to Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), the framework of community well-being is adapted to evaluate the status and changes to destination communities imposed by conservation and tourism initiatives. A multi-stakeholder, mixed-method approach is adopted using qualitative interviews and a quantitative questionnaire survey at two villages of the Hani Rice Terraces, Yunnan Province of Western China. Results show that positive impacts from tourism are mainly concentrated on the environmental, conservation, and development dimensions. However, the lack of improvements in the education and health dimensions negatively affected the well-being of the local community. In particular, the subjective well-being is reduced with the increasing need for education induced by tourism. The evolution of community well-being is explored and portrayed through well-being hexagons and measures to enhance the positive impacts of tourism are proposed for GIAHS and other heritage sites or protected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engagement of vulnerable rural women in the demonstration and practices of cultural heritage for tourism is a strategy that can empower them. Five dimensions of women's empowerment (economic, social, psychological, educational and political) are examined at multiple scales (self, family, community and society) in a Hui ethnic community in Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwest of China. This county is nationally recognized for its poverty. Semistructured interviews were undertaken with government officials, management staff of embroidery cooperatives and rural women. It is shown that the involvement of rural Hui women in embroidery tourism has not only advanced them economically but also provided feasible paths for social, psychological, educational and political empowerment to varying degrees. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of the research are then discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Geographies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the international education market, much attention has been paid to China, as it is the world's largest source country in sending students abroad. The other side of the story, that is, China, as the world's third most popular destination, is considerably less known and researched. This study seizes this research opportunity and focuses on exploring why international students choose to do their higher education in mainland China. International students from five Chinese coastal universities are the research respondents. Focus group discussions were first conducted and elicited 31 motivating items. They were later evaluated through a questionnaire-based survey. The push-pull model was critically reviewed and then used to organise the results. A questionnaire-based survey (n = 462) was later undertaken. Seven motivation factors were identified and a hierarchical relationship among the motivations was observed. The most influential push factor is the students' desire for learning, novelty and challenge seeking, while the strongest pull factor is their expectation for China's prosperous future. The motivations with medium priority were self-understanding, quality of education, and value for money. Also, stimulating factors and admission issues were important, but significantly less important than other factors. Demographic factors were found to be influential to motivations. Focusing on "reverse" international student mobility, this research enriches knowledge about international students' destination choice. It also offers practical implications to universities and institutes in China and other emerging countries, who are interested in offering better programmes and attracting more international students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a personal statement concerning the author's involvement in tourism research in Asia, particularly Indonesia and China, including Taiwan. Personal background and major projects are introduced, and seven research dimensions are suggested: the role of tourism, extending project activities, finance, synergy, timing, collaboration, and language and culture. Current activities are outlined. Concluding comments address timeliness, a long-term perspective, cultural empathy and making a difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined China's scuba divers' marine-based environmental behaviors. Three types of behaviors were identified: contact, general diving and educational behaviors. A model developed from the theory of planned behavior was used to study these behaviors. An online survey was used to collect data from 625 scuba divers. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze relationships between constructs. Only perceived behavioral control was found to have a significant influence on contact behaviors. Specialization and subjective norm had significant influences on general diving behaviors and subjective norm was a mediator in the relationship between specialization and general diving behaviors. Educational behavior was influenced by divers' knowledge, affect, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Its relationships with specialization were mediated by knowledge, affect and subjective norm. Implications and management measures for dive sites are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue focus on the trends, problems, solutions and experiences relating to development, marketing and sustainability in small cities. By comparison with large cities, small cities and towns have smaller populations supported by less extensive infrastructure. Nevertheless, they serve as administrative, commercial, religious, and cultural centers for their surrounding areas. Because of their smaller physical and population scales, and more limited social and environmental carrying capacities, it is important to identify how these destinations engage in tourism development activities and how the public sector and consumers determine their sustainability. In particular, this research note focuses on the development of small cities in the social media era. Examination of social media dissemination mechanisms contributes to the understanding of changes in the behavior patterns and the planning of real spaces in mid-sized urban destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With worldwide industrialization and urbanization, agricultural heritage systems are under threat at the global scale despite their exceptional values reflecting intricate human-nature relationships. As a new function of agricultural heritage, tourism does not realize its potential for heritage conservation and community development. Therefore, the integration of multiple heritage values with tourism is highly important for sustaining agricultural heritage systems and rural communities. This study conceptualizes a multiple value system of agricultural heritage to analyze its tourism use and identify linkages for integration. With Duotian Agrosystem, a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) in China, as an example, this study identifies the mismatch between tourism demand and supply. Relying on the authenticity of Duotian agricultural landscape in Spring, current tourism is highly seasonal. Limited tourist experiences and ways for community participation are available without sufficient tourism expressions of the historical, socio-cultural, educational, and research values. As a result, the enhancement in livelihood value is restricted. Therefore, innovations are needed to construct diverse links between tourism and the multiple values of Duotian Agrosystem to enhance tourism contributions to heritage conservation and community development. Theoretical and management implications are then discussed in a broader context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on tourists' spatio-temporal behavior is useful for destination marketing and management. GPS data collection, GIS and statistical analyses of survey data from a zoo in Beijing are reported. Results indicate that seven behavior patterns exist that are distinct according to demography and visit attributes. Tourist behavior is influenced by animal features (e.g. the number of animals, endangerment category, feeding habits and aggressiveness), the environment (exhibition openness and hygiene), and service facility attributes (e.g. retail facilities, toilets, recreational facilities and catering services). The findings provide insight into the behavioral characteristics of Chinese zoo visitors and factors that influence them. The results can be used to enhance environmental and exhibition design, visitor flow forecasts and tourists flow distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family visitors are important audiences for museums. This paper develops a model that examines the influence of Chinese family visitors' leisure experiences in museums on their behavioural intentions (BI) with their perceived benefits (mindful benefits and non-mindful benefits, MB and NMB) as the mediating variables. Based on the theoretical framework of an interactive experience model, parents' experiences in museums were divided into experience of existential authenticity (interaction with the exhibits) (EA) and experience of parents-children interaction (PCI). A total of 375 local family visitors at a cluster of craft museums in Hangzhou, China participated in the survey. The PLS-SEM analysis indicates that both EA and PCI have positive effects on perceived benefits. EA, which emphasises the personal interactions between visitors and exhibited objects as well as their intangible meanings, is found to be more powerful than PCI in shaping visitors' BI. MB and NMB differ in their influence on visitors' behaviours. Only MB is linked with visitors' BI. Further, MB partially mediates the relationship between EA and BI, and fully mediates the relationship between PCI and BI. Implications are offered to enhance family visitors' experiences through appropriate service management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism can be an important strategy for conserving traditional agricultural systems and potentially enhancing livelihoods of hosting communities. The intricate and complex relations between agricultural heritage conservation, tourism and community livelihoods are examined at a GIAHS site in China. Through multi-stakeholder interviews, the study illustrates that the increased government support and public awareness after GIAHS designation do not ease the struggle between conservation and development at Guanhou Village. Particularly in the context of fast urbanization, multi-layer integration of tourism and the agricultural heritage system should be sought to sustain traditional agriculture and enhance community livelihoods. Practical implications are then discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an agricultural product with strong social and cultural connotations, the production and consumption of tea have high potential to be integrated with tourism to enhance community livelihood sustainability. A sustainable livelihood approach is used in a tea tourism context in Hetu Town, Anhui Province, China, to examine critically the interactive relationships between tea and tourism. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with management officials, community leaders, tea industry representatives and village residents in four field investigations in 2015 and 2016. Improvement in community livelihood sustainability was identified through enhancement of livelihood diversity and choice. However, impacts on household livelihood sustainability varied as tourism participation is restricted by level of livelihood assets. The increase of the within-community income gap may generate social problems in the long run. The current level of tea and tourism integration is limited. The history, culture and traditions related with tea are not widely disseminated by local tea producers. Opportunities for in-depth and diversified tea tourism experiences are being recognized, which call for partnership with those involved in tourism. Practical implications are discussed to enhance tea and tourism integration, boost local participation, enhance local benefits, and particularly, to engage those with lower levels of livelihood assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the recreational uses of national parks, a field investigation was employed at Giant Panda National Park, Sichuan. Through a mixed-methods approach and visual portrayal of the spatio-temporal behaviours of four types of visitors is undertaken and associated demographic and other features described. Tourists' concerns regarding wilderness tours are found to be comprised of three dimensions "physical safety," "travel comfort" and "quality of experience." A focus upon weather-related matters reveals that visitors intend to adjust differently in response to different degrees of bad weather. Implications for Chinese national park management are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there has been a plethora of research on community participation in tourism, most has relied upon a single survey or other form of data acquisition that lacks a dynamic component. Therefore, there is a need for longitudinal research to examine any changes in that participation. This article explores the evolution of participation in tourism in two communities, Nanshan and Tangfeng, in Hainan, China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 villagers, and secondary data were collected to supplement the qualitative research. It postulates four stages of community involvement in sharing benefits and decision making: impactee, beneficiary, client, and owner. It is found that, in the cases under consideration, the evolution of participation has been slow, and the benefits to the communities from tourism and access to decision-making power are limited, with the power structure involved with tourism resorts being the main reason for this slow progress. Three suggestions are proposed to address this situation: capacity building, partnership, and institutional empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The family, as a leisure unit, is an important museum consumer group. The literature on family leisure in museums concentrates on the cognitive and the learning aspects in science museums and art galleries in western contexts. It provides limited explanation of the leisure outcomes acquired from visiting museums. This work addresses this lacuna by exploring the benefits perceived by Chinese parents who take their children to a cluster of museums along China's Grand Canal, a world heritage site in Hangzhou. A review of museum and heritage research, combined with 17 on-site, in-depth interviews, generated information on a range of benefits which was used to design a questionnaire that was completed by 450 respondents. Five perceived benefits were identified using factor analysis. In order of significance, they are family bonding, community attachment, cultural awareness, restoration and personal growth. These perceived benefits have implications for museums and other public facilities catering to the family leisure market, as well as for governments, community organisations, the heritage sector and other stakeholders that are charged with managing cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential value of industrial heritage for developing tourism has attracted increasing attention worldwide. In China, there is an emerging trend of the reuse of industrial heritage sites to develop industrial heritage tourism as 'creative parks'. Studies have found that over-commodification is occurring while protection of the historical and cultural value of contemporary industrial heritage is neglected during the process of redevelopment. However, detailed research on the processes and mechanisms of over-commodification is limited. A qualitative approach is adopted to examine the development process of a typical industrial heritage tourism destination, Nanfeng Kiln District in Foshan, China. Through application of a creative destruction model, the relationships and interplay of a variety of actors in this process are uncovered. Mitchell's model of creative destruction is applied to explain the transformative process of tourist destinations whose development has occurred based on the commodification of heritage. It is found that the creative destruction model should be modified to include the roles of urban land policy and various governments, to reflect the politico-economic characteristics of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived destination image is rarely examined through the gaze of stakeholders other than visitors, in particular residents and tourism business operators. This hinders the comprehensive understanding of destination image and limits its practical implications for destination marketing and management. Therefore, this study proposes a multi-stakeholder approach to image evaluation to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the destination image and better inform destination planning and management. Taking Nanluoguxiang hutong tourism site in Beijing as an example, the image perceptions of residents, on-site business operators, and domestic and international tourists are compared. Questionnaire surveys with both types of tourists and semi-structured interviews with residents and business operators are the main research methods. Major between group differences are identified in the evaluation of the authenticity of this Beijing hutong area, its representation of traditional Beijing culture and whether or not it is a place in which to relax. Results demonstrate that visitors, residents and business operators share similar cognitive images of Nanluoguxiang as a traditional historical street and a special business street with Beijing character. However, the historical and cultural values of Nanluoguxiang are undervalued. Moreover, distinct differences exist between the actual motivations for visiting held by domestic and international tourists and their motivations as perceived by residents and business operators. Suggestions are made to better meet the expectations and desires of all stakeholder groups through the provision of participatory programmes and activities to enrich the visitor experience of hutongs and the hutong lifestyle while maintaining a boundary between tourists and residents' personal space to reduce unnecessary interruptions to residents' daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractGender equality is an important UN sustainable development goal. With tourism often encouraging and favoring female participation, relationships between tourism and gender equality have attracted much research attention. However, being dynamic and highly contextual, the multi-faceted complex of gender and tourism interactions are relevant to both males and females. Therefore, nuanced and contextual case studies incorporating perspectives of both genders is critically needed for gender research in tourism. Drawing from previous research, dimensions of gender equality are deconstructed into gender roles, perspectives, and relationships. Yudong Village, Zhejiang Province, China, was selected as the study site. Field investigations were used, primarily involving semi-structured interviews with multiple actors. Females and males were interviewed to acquire and compare their involvements in and perspectives on tourism and its influences on gender issues. Positive tourism influences on three dimensions of gender equality were acknowledged by both genders. Relationships among changes in gender perceptions, roles and relationships were examined. Agreements and differences between genders and across generations are discussed. Such changes rippled from family circles to rural communities through tourism enhanced social networks and business relationships. This research contributes to a gender balanced understanding of tourism impacts on gender equality. Practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development is not a new idea: at the time of writing, it is 30 years since the Brundtland Commission report Our Common Future was published and brought attention to it. Although sustainable development is a widely accepted paradigm and enshrined in legislation from global to local levels, implementation continues to be a challenge. It has been argued that the term is an oxymoron and also that sustainable tourism is an excessively narrow concept for sustainability is at root a multi-sectoral concept. What is to be sustained is not self-evident and can be debated. As a minimum, it is necessary to develop indicators and this can be done through top-down or bottom-up procedures or a combination of both. In fact, the development of indicators has become a 'growth industry'. In an attempt to further broaden an already broad discussion and drawing upon the author's experiences primarily in Indonesia and Taiwan, as well as recent literature on resilience, the important role of culture will be emphasised and the potential utility of the notion of resilience will be discussed. Finally, a modified sustainable livelihoods framework that incorporates these ideas is presented as a possible way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse types of mobility have emerged in contemporary China, among which consumption-led ethnic retired migrants have received little academic attention. This study addresses the seasonal mobility of retired Tibetan migrants who previously had careers in governmental and public sectors in Tibet. After retirement, they purchase second-home apartments in Chengdu for health and leisure reasons. Through semistructured interviews, nonparticipant observation, and the application of Schnell’s multidimensional model, this article analyzes the migration and adaptation experiences of retired Tibetan migrants in Chengdu. It is revealed that, physically, they reside in mixed communities and share activity spaces with the local people, and, socially, maintain their life-long social relationships and form new local relationships. They feel satisfied and comfortable in their new situation, maintain their primary identity as Tibetan, and gradually establish a sense of home in Chengdu. Their political privilege and governmental support in the destination also contribute to their positive migration and adaptation experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal migration is an emerging trend among seniors in China. In comparison with the lifestyle-oriented migrations of seniors in much of the western world, Chinese seniors often travel with a focus on improving their health and longevity. Adapting the concept of a therapeutic landscape, the changes experienced by seniors with health problems who visit Bama County, a remote area in southwest China well-known for the longevity of its residents, are explored through personal observation and in-depth interviews. All seniors reported improvements, to different degrees, in their physical, mental and social health. These positive transformations were attributed to the therapeutic physical, social and symbolic landscapes of Bama, as well as to the seniors’ proactive actions and their positive mindset. Implications are offered to the service industry, especially the broad tourism and hospitality industry, that is interested in attracting and catering to the aging Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article proposes serious tourist as an approach that has the potential to assist in the development of sustainable indigenous tourism. Many indigenous places have reformed their economies by introducing tourism with ethnic culture as the core attraction. However, many have experienced adverse consequences, resulting in threats to the sustainability of indigenous communities. The main debates over sustainable indigenous tourism involve tensions and disputes regarding culturally appropriate development and economic gains. A serious tourist approach can contribute to the achievement of these dual goals of sustainable development. Visitors with a serious approach towards indigenous tourism will more likely express economic support for indigenous culture by spending on culture-related products and services. Likewise, serious travellers will reveal their respect and support for indigenous culture by seeking authentic experiences and donating to cultural conservation. These propositions regarding serious travellers are assessed and confirmed in the context of an indigenous destination in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involving a variety of stakeholders, heritage tourism management requires a collaborative multi-actor approach. Due to the current grid management system, shared management among multiple agencies is not rare in heritage sites in China; however limited research has addressed this situation. A multi-agency management model is thus proposed to highlight the roles of a coordination agency and a collaboration mechanism. Taking Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area as an example, this paper compares the management status and assesses management collaboration between its two main management bodies. Semi-structured interviews with management staff are used as the primary research method. It is revealed that shared management has resulted in the inefficient use of human and financial resources, and inconsistency in the application of management measures and standards due to the lack of an efficient coordination agency and collaboration mechanism. Suggestions are made to facilitate collaboration and enhance management efficiency in this multi-agency management context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognition of risk is the first step in reducing disaster damage and losses. In this study, risk cognition in the Hani Rice Terraces, the core tourism attraction in Yuanyang County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan, China, is analyzed based on field survey and participatory geographic information system (GIS). The results show that tourism communities have cognition of risk; are more sensitive to hazards (especially drought); have more severe potential damage and losses from hazards; and also have more enthusiasm to adapt to disaster risk, when compared with a non-tourism community. On disaster vulnerability maps, the tourism communities identified the unique “Forest – Village – Terrace - River” landscape while the non-tourism community only recognized the terrace and the village as the main elements affected by hazard. Also, the tourism communities had deeper understandings of drought, flash floods and landslide disaster risks. A conceptual model based on “Pressure – State – Response” relationships is put forward to explore the situation in which, in the tourism community, terraces have a greater variety of functions and enhanced values resulting in the spatial expansion of hazard effects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The gaze places host and tourist in an “authority field” which is unfavorable to the development of harmonious interpersonal relationships and cultural interactions for both sides. Mutual, equal and just host–guest relationships should be established through dialogue, which will improve tourists’ understanding and experiences, awaken the hosts’ cultural consciousness and establish a new type of cultural interaction. The paper is based on analysis of the work and life experience of Joseph Rock in southwest China during 1922–1949. It uses content analysis to examine more than one thousand photos which contain visual representations of his gaze. The changing values of tourism to the ego and culture were revealed through a change in emphasis from “I–It” to “I–You” relationships as Rock turned from gaze to dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World Heritage Sites are designated following evaluations of their universal values. However, their use is often shared by different user groups who may attach different meanings to the same heritage, leading to different interpretations and uses. This situation raises important questions for visitor management at World Heritage Sites, where a variety of users must be accommodated. Using Temple of Heaven as an example, the motivations, preferences and experiences are explored for three major user groups: residents, domestic and international tourists. Results show that residents and tourists exhibit different spatial and temporal patterns of use. Most local users are elderly and use the place regularly for exercise and social purposes. The historical and cultural values are widely recognized but tourists are motivated more strongly than local users to experience heritage values. Practical implications are generated to inform managers of the study site and other heritage sites shared by locals and tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tourism and related development can lead to the displacement and resettlement of communities, disrupting local livelihood systems, socio-political processes and organizations. However, limited attention has been paid to community resettlement in the tourism context. Taking Yinhuwan village at Mount Sanqingshan World Heritage Site in China as an example, this study examines the results of tourism and resettlement on the livelihoods of this rural community and the extent to which tourism-related livelihood strategies contribute to community livelihood sustainability. A sustainable livelihood framework is adopted to guide the analysis. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with management officials, community leaders and village residents through three field investigations in 2013. It was found that traditional livelihood methods have been largely replaced by tourism, which has become the primary livelihood strategy for the resettled community. Despite current economic benefits, high dependency on tourism-related opportunities as the single livelihood option may diminish the sustainability of local livelihoods. The current resettlement plan highlights short-term economic impacts on the affected community, overlooking their socio-cultural concerns and long-term livelihood sustainability. Possible measures are discussed to diversify livelihood options and mitigate potential challenges for the affected community so as to ensure their long-term benefits and increase future options. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Evidence since at least the 1990s suggests that global climate patterns have undergone dramatic changes, often resulting in weather-induced natural disasters that have caused widespread environmental damage. Such conditions raise serious threats to communities that are dependent on natural resources and ecosystem services for tourism development. Communities located in high-risk disaster regions face greater challenges in developing a tourism economy that is both resilient and sustainable. Residents in these communities live with a constant awareness of external threats and try to build a degree of resilience that includes traditional disaster prevention measures and a long history of post-disaster reconstruction. It is necessary to understanding the relationships between tourism and community resilience to address planning and development goals in an era of increasing climate uncertainty. Three communities are examined that are regularly exposed to the threats of typhoons and flooding and are located within National Scenic Areas in Taiwan. In-depth interviews with community leaders and surveys of residents were undertaken. Residents with high potential to experience natural disasters generally have high degrees of awareness of various forms of tourism impacts. Their perceptions of tourism impacts are positively correlated with community resilience. The strongest relationships are between a perception of the positive economic impacts from tourism and the local capacity for undertaking adaptive responses; and between an awareness of the environmental impacts of tourism and the perceived fragility of their environment. Empowering community resilience usually requires long-term capacity building and is correlated with all three types of perceived tourism impacts. Deconstruction of the special experiences of disaster-prone tourism destinations provides a more nuanced insight into the relationships between community knowledge and awareness of resilience needs and the role and impacts of tourism. This, in turn, facilitates understanding of community tourism development in the face of contemporary changes in weather and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Many stakeholders are engaged in heritage tourism at World Heritage sites, but local communities are among the most important and affected. The management structure and the nature of local communities influence how the latter are involved in heritage tourism. Community involvement can be categorised into participation in decision making and in benefit acquisition. This study examines and compares the management structure and the status of involvement at two places adjacent to the Great Wall in Beijing, China. Key informant interviews and questionnaire surveys were employed, supplemented by analysis of plans, and it was found that communities receive benefits from tourism despite their minimal participation in planning and management decisions. A two-dimensional framework comprising decision making and benefit acquisition is developed to position communities on these criteria, to evaluate community involvement, and to indicate areas for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses several articles which explore the relationship between location and tourist movement. An article investigates whether tourism consume place and lead to the loss of periphery. Another examines both the geographical and broader social scientific understandings of periphery. Also included is an article on the concept of experiential consumption.

This paper presents a systematic examination of tour guide management in Hainan, China. A series of issues and problems with the implemented management mechanisms are identified. It reveals how inappropriate management measures contribute to deterioration of the guiding service and unhealthy operation of the guiding business. It argues that an enhanced tour guide management system could raise the professionalism of tour guides and also restrain improper business practices, thereby enhancing the quality of services provided by tour guides. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]