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To improve the uniformities of the flow distributions in radial beds, different design methods for conical channels were developed, that is, proportional method, traditional linear method for minimizing the pressure difference between two ends of the channel, newly proposed improved linear method for minimizing the pressure axial variation in the whole channel, and improved multi-segment linear method that divide the channel into multi-segments with different inclination angles. The flow fields under different design methods and gas flow rates are then investigated by numerical simulation. The designation of the angle of the conical channel is particularly significant. Compared to the original structure, the proportional method has difficulty obtaining a proper inclination angle, whose inhomogeneity indices of the distributions of pressure drop ηp and gas velocity ηv may increase or decrease. The traditional linear method has lower inhomogeneity indices, for example, ηv will decrease by ≥7.02%, which denotes more uniform flow distributions, while the improved linear and multi-stage linear methods have the lowest inhomogeneity indices, for example, ηv will decrease by ≥12.12 and 13.60%, respectively. Besides, the latter two methods have good adaptability and robustness to fluctuations in the gas flow rate. Two new design methods of conical channel are proposed. Inhomogeneity indices are introduced to quantify the uniformity of flow distribution. Robustness of different design methods are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the relationships among the dimensions of service innovation (product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation and organizational innovation), the dimensions of experiential relationship quality (experiential value, experiential satisfaction, experiential trust and experiential commitment) and the dimensions of shopping outcomes ((positive word-of-mouth (WOM) and patronage intentions)). Data were obtained from 485 respondents at one smart unmanned store in Wuhan of China, and were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings show that product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation, organizational innovation and experiential value have a direct positive influence on experiential satisfaction. Also, experiential value, experiential satisfaction and experiential trust have a direct positive influence on experiential commitment, which in turn lead to positive WOM, while experiential trust has a positive influence on patronage intentions. This study concludes with key implications arising from the analyses and further research opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune ophthalmopathy is a collection of autoimmune eye diseases. Immunosuppressants are drugs that can inhibit the body's immune response. Considering drug side effects such as hepatorenal toxicity and the unique structure of the eye, incorporating immunosuppressants into ophthalmic nanodrug delivery systems, such as microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, implants, and in situ gels, has the advantages of improving solubility, increasing bioavailability, high eye-target specificity, and reducing side effects. This study reviews recent research and applications of this aspect to provide a reference for the development of an ophthalmic drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]