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Current solutions that rely on a single-server architecture have privacy, anonymity, integrity, and confidentiality limitations. Blockchain-based solutions can address some of these issues but face challenges regulating behaviour and protecting access policy privacy. This study proposes a new approach to securing a smart home environment to overcome these limitations.The proposed architecture is based on a group signature scheme, which allows multiple IoT devices to securely exchange keys and authenticate each other without needing a central authority. Our experimental results indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed architecture and provide insights into its security and privacy features compared to existing IoT authentication methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Margarethe 'Meta' Wedekind was one of the 'Universitätsmamsellen', a group of eighteenth–century German women who had access to a privileged academic education. In addition to numerous translations, in 1784 Wedekind published the epistolary novel Maria: Eine Geschichte in Briefen. What is striking about this text is that both its 'author' and 'editor' remain anonymous. This article argues that Meta Wedekind resorts to two main strategies to publish the novel: the so-called 'Herausgeberfiktion', and anonymity. Furthermore, this type of publication was likely inspired by Sophie La Roche's famous novel Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim (1771). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "In Her Own Hand: Female Agency around 1800" from the Publications of the English Goethe Society explores the concept of female agency in the literary world during the 18th century. It discusses the challenges faced by women writers, such as the association of female agency with female authorship and the difficulties in preserving and editing their literary works. The text highlights the contributions of various women writers, including Ottilie von Goethe, Wilhelmine Müller, and Emilie von Berlepsch, shedding light on their strategies to navigate the male-dominated literary landscape. The article also delves into the role of women like Anna Maria Mozart in supporting their families and advancing their careers, showcasing the diverse ways in which women exercised agency in the literary and artistic spheres during that period. [Extracted from the article]

This essay offers an interpretation of the canonical history of strolling as a non-economic practice, that is, as a practice free of purpose and means. I consider strolling as a state of mind that discloses abundance in a similar way as rationality discloses scarcity. I inquire into the multiple facets of this state of mind by re-reading three phases in its literary and cultural history: the early modern artist-stroller of the nineteenth-century panoramic literature that finds its peak in Charles Baudelaire; the high modern consumer-stroller as described in the inter-war period, notably in the work of Walter Benjamin; and the late modern subversive stroller that is re-discovered in the mid-twentieth century by the Situationist Guy Debord among others. This interpretation both sheds light on the social preconditions of economic rationality as an organizing principle of a market society, as well as the potential to step out of this principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the activism of Silent Megaphone, a Korean feminist artist group. By examining the experiences of Silent Megaphone members, their artworks, and exhibitions, this study argues that the sexist regulations of online platforms drove the meme-producers to enter the realm of feminist art, transforming them from anonymous women to feminist artists with authorship. This transition allowed them to rearrange the aims and styles of their activism, appropriate the practices of online and offline realms, and connect with the broader feminist artist community, establishing a network encompassing both their online feminist group and an unexpected cohort of feminist artists spanning generations, and creating a safe space for their fellow feminists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing digitisation in our society also affects policing, which tends to make use of increasingly refined algorithmic tools based on abstract technologies. But the abstraction of technology, we argue, does not necessarily entail an increase in abstraction of police work. This paper contrasts the 'abstract police' debate with an analysis of police practices that use digital technologies to achieve greater precision. While the notion of abstract police assumes that computerisation distances police officers from their community, our empirical investigation of a geo-analysis unit in a German Land Office of Criminal Investigation shows that the adoption of abstract procedures does not by itself imply a detachment from local reference and community contact. What we call contextual reference can be productively combined with the impersonality and anonymity of algorithmic procedures, leading also to more effective and focused forms of collaboration with local entities. On the basis of our empirical results, we suggest a more nuanced understanding of the digitalisation of police work. Rather than leading to a progressive estrangement from the community of reference, the use of digital techniques can enable experimentation with innovative forms of 'precision policing', particularly in the field of crime prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigative journalism, like other sectors of social life, has undergone significant changes due to globalization, technological progress, and the Western world's turn to neoliberalism. This context has facilitated the emergence of new practices within the profession, particularly new modes of communication between journalists and their confidential sources. This qualitative study focuses on the meaning journalists attribute to the use of these technologies in their relationships with their sources. Anonymity tools are being used to build the professional identity of investigative journalism (both collectively and individually) and therefore constitute a resource in the power relationship between journalists and their sources, a relationship that is not fundamentally changed by their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractRomantic tourism has emerged as an important segment, where tourists have a strong drive to compromise with partners to maintain good relations. But it’s not clear how this influences their feelings. Based on expectancy theory, this study reveals how different types of unilateral compromise influence their emotional benefits, and explores the special role played by social cues and anonymity in the tourism context. A field experiment and an online experimental survey were conducted. The main findings include: (1) social cues attenuate the negative effects of psychological reactance-based compromise (i.e., tourists feel better when they treat compromise as a non-verbal message of love). (2) The negative feelings generated by stereotype-based compromise can be reduced in a highly anonymous tourism environment. These findings suggest that by managing tourists’ expectations of compromise and designing interactive, indulgent, and immersive activities, a more enjoyable experience and higher emotional benefits can be created for romantic tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article is informed by sixteen in-depth interviews with LGBT + activists in Romania, my archive and notes during my involvement in feminist and queer activist circles, as well as archival materials of an LGBT + NGO. It proposes the concept of lesbian anonymity as a means of investigating the way in which marginal positions within mainstream movements are anonymized and their contributions to the movement dispersed within the generic queer/gay activism. By looking at specific case studies from Romaniás transition period (1989 to mid 2000s), I analyze how matters of representation were tackled within the LGBT + mainstream movements in relation to grassroots activist circles. The article explores what happens when queer gatekeepers fail to engage with internal criticisms concerning the selective erasure of certain categories of voices such as queer women, trans people, racialized people, sex workers. I argue that lesbian anonymity offers another angle of analyzing the clashes between and within different LGBT + groups in post-socialist spaces. How does lesbian anonymity shape the queer movements and why is it important to keep representational issues in mind while working on non-normative sexualities, gender, and women´s reproductive rights? This contribution offers a necessary critique of the representational gaps within queer movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the religious sympathies and motivations of the antiquary William Dugdale, and of some of those who helped support the publication of his works through patronage of their engraved plates. It examines in particular a series of nineteen costume plates illustrating Catholic religious habits, which feature in Dugdale's co-authored Monasticon Anglicanum (1655–73) and (with an element of duplication) in his Antiquities of Warwickshire (1656). The patrons of these plates are for the most part not openly named, but can in certain cases be identified through their coats of arms: at least two (Thomas Yate and Miles Stapleton) were themselves Catholic, and another (Wingfield Bodenham) appears to have been sympathetic to Catholicism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the neoliberal family novel is by genre compromised to criticize fossil fuel extraction. I situate the claim against the rise of petrocultures studies, especially of novels consciously engaged with the post-9/11 extractivist boom. A good number of these novels are family saga, and this article focuses on two of them: Jonathan Franzen's Freedom and Lamar Herrin's Fractures—the latter claimed to resemble Freedom but disproportionally underexplored. This article shows that the family thread in both novels tend to overpower and consume the ecopolitical thread, thereby undercutting the novels' critical force against petrocultures. In demonstrating this point, I trace the evolving cultural construction of the (nuclear) family in relation to the postwar oil boom and the subsequent installation of neoliberalism. Then I show that the novels participate respectively in two modes of neoliberal family construction: a privatized consumer space detached from ecopolitical controversy, or a fully integrated neoliberal stronghold devouring anti-oil resistance. Either way, the textual mobilization of family logic and sentimentalized symbolism jeopardizes the anti-oil theme. Finally, as a way out, I identify an alternative coalitional structure of local anonymity at the end of Fractures that is potentially better positioned to articulate anti-oil politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The primary aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting individuals' decisions to discuss specific personal issues in psychotherapy vs on social media, either non-anonymously or pseudonymously/anonymously. Method A heterogeneous sample of participants (N = 443) completed an online survey that included assessments of their therapy experience, attachment style, attitudes towards seeking mental healthcare, and the extent of their disclosures about personally distressing topics in therapy and online under different conditions. Results Results suggest that attachment style plays a significant role in determining individuals' likelihood of discussing personally distressing topics online and in determining the extent to which they find disclosures in therapy and in anonymous and non-anonymous online spaces to be helpful. Conclusion Clinicians may find it helpful to monitor the extent to which patients disclose personal issues online, checking as to whether patients, especially younger patients and those with avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles, view psychotherapy as an appropriate domain to disclose specific personally distressful issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Smart Grid (SG) is an emerging technology to maintain an actual balance between energy production and usage by offering quite well tracking and regulation over the SG communication technology. However, SG technology becomes more vulnerable to network attacks since its monitoring and controlling are carried out over standard internet-based protocols or on public communication networks. Thus, without the involvement of an authentication mechanism and lack of privacy preservation attackers easily succeed to tamper with the communication channel and send fabricated messages. Hence, authentication has now become a critical security aspect in smart grid technology. There are some authentication mechanisms implemented in the literature to offer a set of security services, namely confidentiality of the credentials, the secrecy of shared session key, and secure mutual authentication. Most of the existing schemes are inefficient and generate high overhead in the networks. Hence, there is a requirement to implement an efficient and secure session key management scheme. The proposed Multi-factor Authentication and Key Agreement (MAKA) scheme for LoRa-based SG communication services provides anonymity and maintains secrecy of the session keys by introducing multi-factor authentication of the end devices. The proposed scheme uses unique device features and generates a fingerprint of the device that will help to maintain user anonymity. The formal security analysis of the proposed MAKA scheme is carried out by Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Application (AVISPA) and ProVerif tools. The results of both show that the proposed MAKA scheme is safe enough to overcome various security attacks. Moreover, the performance is evaluated concerning the existing scheme in the literature and it is recognized that the proposed MAKA scheme generates competitive communication, computation, and storage overheads. In addition, it maintains the device anonymity and meets the security aspect of the SG communication services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Race and Digital Media: An Introduction" by Lori Kido Lopez is a comprehensive and engaging book that explores the relationship between race and digital media. The book covers a wide range of topics, from the history of the internet to issues of surveillance and artificial intelligence. It examines how institutionalized racism impacts and is impacted by digital media, and exposes the ways in which digital technologies can reproduce and deepen racial inequalities. The book also discusses possible solutions and opportunities for action, highlighting the activism of communities of color and the ability of digital media to facilitate social justice movements. Overall, "Race and Digital Media: An Introduction" provides a valuable resource for understanding the complex connections between race and digital media. [Extracted from the article]

AbstractThe present study aims to explore the impact of two types of e-learners’ anonymity on their language learning engagement in a 50-day competitive gamified English vocabulary learning process. The two anonymity types were full anonymity, which means the participants were anonymous to both their peers and the instructor in the learning process, and partial anonymity, which required the participants to be anonymous only to their peers. One hundred and eighty adult e-learners were recruited as the participants and randomly assigned into three groups, with one group adopting the full anonymity pattern, one group using the partial anonymity pattern, and a third group employing the non-anonymity pattern. An online pretest, an online posttest and two online questionnaires were used as the research instruments. The two tests were used to assess the participants’ learning performance. One questionnaire was to obtain the participants’ self-report values on three scales of learning engagement, namely behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, and cognitive engagement. The other questionnaire together with some interviews was applied to inquire about the participants’ attitudes toward anonymity in gamified learning. The results indicate that the full anonymity pattern exerted the most positive impact on the participants’ behavioral and emotional engagement, and this pattern also brought about the best learning performance on the posttest. However, the non-anonymity pattern outperformed the other two patterns on the cognitive engagement scale. Then the possible impact of anonymity on learning engagement and learning performance was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AI-enabled systems are likely to inform future decisions to initiate war. They are well placed to manage data and deliver recommendations at speeds that far surpass human abilities. Yet, AI-enabled vision and knowledge, which inform military intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance practices, curiously sustain both exposure and opacity. Machine learning algorithms are famously called black boxes even as they are in practice widening what we can see and know. While many call for greater algorithmic transparency to combat this technological opacity, I argue that this desire is misguided because it overlooks how algorithmic reason, which promises more precise knowledge and more efficient decision making, naturally conceals through political and socio-technical practices of in-visibility, anonymity, and fragmentation. Given how these practices will likely come to shape AI-enabled resort-to-force decision making, this article concludes with the suggestion that AI-enabled decisions are likely to undermine democratic legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The archival record of incarceration in the United States presents a substantial challenge for historical research. This becomes particularly acute in those instances where historians seek to use individual patient or prisoner records. Some of these records have been deposited in state archives, but many have not, and the use of specific inmate case files can involve restrictive rules of access. In every instance, complex interplays of power, access and privacy pose challenges for historians who wish to foreground the voices and experiences of the incarcerated, and to better understand the practices and impacts of state power. This paper uses a series of episodes from the author's own work to highlight these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, the first presidential debate of 2020 featured a discussion about Antifa. While Biden argued that Antifa is "an idea, not an organization," Trump portrayed it as a "dangerous, radical group." The nature of Antifa sparks disagreements not only in politics but also in scholarly circles. Some view it as a loosely defined label for a fragmented collective. Others perceive it as a gang or a radical social movement. This article identifies four key factors that make it difficult to define Antifa: the anonymity of its members, the lack of identifiable representatives, the ambiguous affiliation boundaries, and the influence of external agents (including reporters, pundits, and detractors) shaping its identity. Faced with this challenge, I propose stepping back to reevaluate the underlying assumptions of the debate. I seek to complement current theories of social ontology and collective action by introducing an alternative approach centered around the concept of personification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the kinds of boundaries laid by residents of mixed-tenure housing communities and how distinctions are rationalized. Based on interview data on a densely mixed community (both owner-occupied and social housing apartments mixed with stairwells) in Helsinki, Finland, I observe how residents outline their neighbourhood. Based on the analysis, urban anonymity was the most significant repertoire defining communal life, followed by others such as sense of home and fiscal prudence. In densely mixed settings, residents are forced to witness each other’s domestic life; thus, dense social mixing can prevent prejudices between tenure groups. The study results contribute to the understanding of cultural repertoires in hierarchical relationships vis-à-vis each other, creating varying contexts and defining the lived realities in communities. Empirically, the results question prevailing images of troublesome tenants and well-behaved owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates institutional forces that maintain the focus on canonical authors in Middle English studies, despite the ubiquity of anonymity in the Middle English corpus, and despite the extensive critique of the canon that the field has witnessed. It provides a snapshot of the current Middle English canon, surveys publication patterns in sample academic journals in the twenty-first century, examines the ways authorship serves (and anonymity does not) as a critical tool, and shows what anonymous texts might offer to the ongoing assessment of the literariness of Middle English texts. Analysis of the scholarship of two Middle English scholars over the first two decades of the current century demonstrates the challenges and opportunities in developing methods that discern the literariness of anonymous, non-canonical texts. Work in New Formalism and object studies offers possibilities for recognising the literariness of anonymous texts not traditionally considered in terms of their aesthetic or formal features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FERPA (1974) privacy laws protect undocumented Latinx learners with disabilities (ULWD) from disclosing their immigration status. The right to maintain anonymity provided by FERPA, however, potentially results in challenges in identifying and supporting the unique needs ULWD in home and school environments. Due, in part, to a lack of information, school professionals may view ULWD from deficit perspective perpetuated by the dominant narrative. In an effort to uncover what does exist within the literature of ULWD and better understand their experiences in school systems, the purpose of this review was to bring to light the available peer-reviewed and dissertation research about ULWD published in the U.S. between 2002 and 2021. Three research questions guided this review: (1) What was the purpose of research studies concerning ULWD? (2) Who were the participants, what were the research methods, and theoretical frameworks used? and (3) What were the common themes across the studies? Findings indicate that there is little research addressing the needs of ULWD and their family caregivers, with existing literature consistently calling for further research on this population. Implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I select items from various lists of published ethical guidelines for autoethnographers and use them as starting points prior to subjecting each to interrogation. This interrogation takes place via the following six thinking points: The (im)possibility of anonymity and confidentiality, the ownership of stories, informed consent, member checking, do no harm to others, and do no harm to self. Each of these reveals a contested and messy terrain as opposed to the neatness implied in the recommendations of ethical guidelines about how such research should be conducted. Throughout, I seek to demonstrate that autoethnography, like any other qualitative research approach, poses difficult, but not insurmountable ethical challenges. These need to be addressed in a principled and informed manner that necessarily rejects rigid assertions of 'should do' in favour of a more fluid notion of 'it depends' on time, context, culture and purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the digital identity of Daguguguji, one of the most famous microbloggers and microfiction writers on Sina Microblog. Despite having 3.9 million followers on Sina Weibo, his personal background remains veiled from the public. Daguguguji often refers to himself using nonsensical terms, animals, or neologisms irrelevant to his personal life, such as "a dog," "Zhang Dachui," "follow me," or "Zhang Wei." His profile pictures are not selfies, but images appropriated from other famous singers and writers, modified in a Dadaist style. Daguguguji's identity performance is substantially different from that of celebrities who use paratexts such as selfies and verbal descriptions to reveal their offline identities and inner selves. Instead, his writing can be conceptualized as parasitic use of the paratext, as the information displayed in his profile image, bio, posts, and reposts shows a parasitical mimesis of "who I am not," rather than an authentic self-display of "who I am." I propose that Daguguguji's identity performance is representative of the culture of anonymity in the Chinese mediascape, where netizens no longer seek to exhibit the "authentic self" but rather play with the "inauthentic persona," a persona parasitic on appropriated visual-verbal texts that are irrelevant to either their inner self or offline identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extent of the Covid-19 pandemic and the health, social and economic crisis it caused, brought additional burden to journalists, but also new power. At a time when the pandemic dominated the media space, the media assumed a key role in explaining, interpreting and offering help in understanding the pandemic to the public. Reporting on the pandemic brought many challenges for journalists, as they had to adapt their activities in accordance with the new reality. When communicating about risks and reporting on sensitive topics that have a great social impact, to which the pandemic and Covid-19 undoubtedly belong, it is even more important that media reporting is based on ethical and professional standards, to be responsible and transparent. Especially in risk communication, in times of crisis, reliable and verified information must be provided to the public. In the study, we were interested in the research of the reliance of journalists on anonymous sources in reporting on the pandemic. The paper's aim is was analyze the frequency of use of anonymous information according to different topics, type and tone of information, to see if anonymous media sources' use varied in times of a pandemic. Articles about Covid-19 contained more primary information, but less secondary and tertiary anonymous information. In Covid-19 articles more anonymous information with neutral sentiment was presented, but, at the same time, there was less information with negative sentiment and no information with positive sentiment. Particularly worrying was a low share of articles with included clarification on granting anonymity, on the other hand, there were significantly more verified sources of anonymous information with Covid-19 articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While scholars have long established that city dwellers choose with whom to develop relationships on the basis of social proximity, spatial proximity remains the basis for neighbour relations involving greetings, social conversation, and the exchange of services. Few studies have systematically compared the respective roles of spatial and social proximity in neighbour relations. In this paper, we investigate these two factors through statistical analysis of four social network datasets representing relationships within four rented apartment buildings in Geneva, Switzerland. Using a measure of distance that takes into account how the layout and materiality of buildings shape relationships through accessibility, visibility and audibility, we compare the effects of spatial proximity with the effects of individual determinants and similarity. Our study also breaks new ground by comparing weak ties – between people who interact regularly – and "invisible ties", or ties to familiar strangers. Our study confirms that spatial proximity increases the likelihood of weak ties and questions the underlying mechanisms. It also shows that in addition to sociability, familiarity and anonymity are constitutive dimensions of neighbouring, even at the scale of buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young children tend to behave more generously when their actions are identified than when they are anonymous, yet we know little about the cognitive foundations required for anonymity to impact generosity. In three studies we examined Canadian children's understanding of anonymity and its impact on sharing in anonymous and identified contexts. Study 1 assessed whether 3- and 5-year-old children (N = 100, 51 female) understood anonymous and identified sharing, and whether age-related changes in their understanding corresponded to sharing behavior. We found that understanding of anonymity improved with age, but anonymity did not influence sharing. Study 2 assessed 5-year-old children's (N = 60, 30 female) judgments about how others would share in these contexts and their preferences for receiving donations from identified or anonymous donors. We found that children preferred to receive from identified donors and believed that identified donors were more generous. Study 3 assessed whether 5-year-old children (N = 60, 30 female) preferred to share as anonymous or identified donors themselves, and whether their choice influenced sharing behavior. We found that while participants preferred to share as identified donors, this choice did not influence sharing. Overall, our findings suggest that although 5-year-old Canadian children have a robust understanding of the implications of anonymous and identified sharing, this understanding is not sufficient to motivate increased generosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Administrative Court Judicial Review Guide for 2023 has been released, providing valuable information for those involved in judicial review proceedings. The guide covers a range of topics, including the duty of candour, the principle of open justice, control of evidence, disputes of fact, and procedural rigor. Notably, the guide now explicitly states that the duty of candour applies throughout the entire judicial review process. It also emphasizes the importance of open justice and provides guidelines for issues such as anonymity, non-disclosure orders, and public access to documents. The guide addresses the use of expert evidence and the court's power to control evidence, as well as outlining principles for resolving disputes of fact. Procedural rigor is highlighted as crucial in all claims, including those with a public interest aspect. The guide clarifies that the burden of proof lies with the party making a claim, and the court may reject evidence that is inconsistent or cannot be proven. Other amendments include consequences for failing to provide detailed grounds, the potential for indemnity costs, transferring claims to another court, service by email, and the use of indexed and paginated bundles. Overall, the guide serves as a reminder to diligently adhere to procedural obligations to avoid sanctions. [Extracted from the article]

China's central bank digital currency (CBDC), e-CNY, is currently in a large-scale pilot stage. In this study, a new monetarist model, both theoretically and quantitively, is developed to assess the relationship between the managed anonymity feature of e-CNY, social welfare, and taxation. The findings are as follows. First, the introduction of managed anonymous CBDC affects the official and shadow economy by increasing the diversity of payment instruments and suppressing tax evasion, thereby improving social welfare and government tax revenue. Second, if CBDC is 'cash-like' in the sense that it offers relatively high anonymity, then issuing CBDC meets the public demand for anonymous small value payment services and enhances the individual welfare of most households. Third, if CBDC is 'deposit-like' in the sense that it offers relatively low anonymity, then issuing CBDC combats illegal transactions in the shadow economy, and increases the total amount of social welfare and government tax revenue. The model, calibrated to the Chinese economy, suggests that aggregate welfare and government tax revenue can be increased by up to 3.2% and 10%, respectively. These findings suggest that policy-makers can dynamically adjust the anonymity design of CBDC to better align it with changing policy objectives and economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction gives a brief overview of William Baldwin's life and work, locating him in the context of mid-Tudor London and particularly describing the effects of religious upheaval on the publishing world in which he was immersed. We situate his novel, Beware the Cat (c. 1552), in the history of prose fiction in English before describing the theatrical adaptation of the text that generated the research behind this special edition. Finally, we consider the practice-based methodology that informs the project as a whole, before summarising the contributions that follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global situation with cybercrime is worsening. The study aims to investigate the concept of lawful behavior in the context of challenges facing the IT sector and from the perspective of previous and modern theoretical and legal views concerning the formation of lawful behavior. The paper outlines factors that shape the lawful behavior of digital natives. The results of the literature review suggest that a digital shift of legal relations objectively reduces the role of the socio-hierarchical factor in the formation of lawful behavior. This research is of practical interest to specialists in legal and sociological fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the philosophical critique of digital spaces and their impact on human experience. It raises concerns about the transformation of human materiality into data and discusses issues related to privacy and knowledge control. However, it also acknowledges the potential benefits and liberating possibilities of digital spaces, including anonymity, cultural resonance, and academic dissidence.

Anonymous peer feedback has long been used as a common activity in higher education, yet few studies have systematically tracked students' perceived comfort levels over time, and even fewer have compared givers' and receivers' comfort under this intervention. To address this gap, the present study tracked 40 Chinese university students over eight weeks (four weeks' non-anonymous and four weeks' anonymous condition). Based on quantitative data (comfort ratings) and qualitative data (feedback texts and survey responses), it found that students overwhelmingly favoured the anonymous mode, reporting significantly higher comfort ratings at the peer and class-level dimensions. Additionally, they assigned significantly higher comfort values to the giver role where they could expose and exchange more private feelings with peers as if they were in a masked ball. Pedagogical implications are given to inform and improve feedback activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For qualitative researchers seeking the perspectives of people with unusual characteristics or circumstances, compliance with expectations about participant anonymity can be difficult, if not impossible. In the age of internet communications and emerging research methodologies, traditional strategies require ongoing re-examination to ensure cohesion between a project's ethical framework and its research practice. This paper reflects on the approach to informed consent used in a study with parent carers whose children had high-level support needs. A two-step process of written consent was developed in response to concerns about the possible re-identification of these parents as a result of their highly individual circumstances. This approach acknowledged the potential for identification, and maximised participants' agency in choosing the level of risk that they were comfortable to accommodate. The paper discusses the researcher's and participants' responses to the adapted consent process and recommends that researchers and ethics review committees remain open to the development of collaborative and innovative approaches that are also culturally and contextually relevant, to enable people to contribute perspectives that might otherwise be silenced by the very ethical frameworks that purport to protect their interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores Japanese students' perceptions of and experiences with peer review in English writing classes. While the benefits of peer review for second language (L2) students are generally acknowledged, some studies have claimed that students from Asian cultures are predisposed to not benefit fully from this process because they tend to refuse to provide negative feedback to maintain group harmony. To verify these observations and extend our understanding of the complex dynamics of peer interactions, this study analyzed data collected from 57 Japanese L2 students after both face-to-face and anonymous peer review. An analysis of the survey data did not support the conventional view concerning sociocultural influences on peer interaction. Instead, it indicated that the participants appreciated the verbal communication component of the face-to-face peer review but overall were indifferent toward the review mode. The interview data also showed that the participants mitigated rather than refrained from providing negative feedback regardless of the peer review mode. The findings suggest that Asian L2 students' reticence in peer group interactions might be partly attributable to the discrepancy between their pragmatic need to mitigate negative feedback (as expected and practiced in their cultures) and their L2 proficiency to achieve such results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the foundational principles of modern medical ethics is the maintenance of anonymity in the case of researching human material and in disseminating that research. This principle safeguards the privacy of living human subjects, and minimizes the prejudicial effect that personal knowledge might have on the researcher. Does this principle transfer to human material in museum contexts, especially when human remains are on public display? Many of the human remains displayed in museum or other institutional settings are necessarily anonymous. However, some institutions display the remains of historically identified individuals, often famous (royalty, senior clerics, saints, and celebrities) or infamous people (criminals). What are the ethical implications of exhibiting the remains of known individuals? This paper argues that human remains are situated on a continuum between person and thing. Anonymity is one of the strategies used to move the remains further towards the universal body as an object of enquiry (thing) and away from a biographied and personalized self (person). By decentring the post-colonial context in which much of the debate about the archaeological and museological treatment of human remains has taken place, I hope to tease apart some of the broader ethical issues around the power relations between the living and the dead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines United States (US)-International Monetary Fund (IMF)-Brazil relations amid international financial negotiations in the late 1950s. Washington pressed President Juscelino Kubitschek's government into seeking loans conditional on the IMF's standby agreements to advance US foreign economic policy in Brazil. The United States' tough position persisted despite rising anti-US sentiment in Latin America and the potential damage to United States-Brazil relations, which demonstrates the continuity of US president Dwight D. Eisenhower's foreign policy. The case of Kubitschek's Brazil contributes to our understanding of the IMF's policies in Latin America, the United States' ongoing economic concerns and Brazilian foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women often experience anxiety and a desire for information before, during, and after their pregnancy. While women have traditionally turned to their doctors, family, and friends, the Internet and mobile devices offer options such as search engines and online pregnancy forums to meet their information needs. Additionally, pregnancy apps provide a convenient new way for women to connect and exchange information. This study explored the Community feature of the Ovia Pregnancy app to understand how, and in what context, anonymous users engage with each other and utilize the app to seek information. A content analysis of posts reveale d users were most likely to share their experiences of pregnancy and/or seek medical information. Users frequently sought reassurance from other Ovia users regarding the normalcy of their pregnancy and affirmations regarding health questions. The affordances of anonymity and accessibility found within the Community feature of Ovia Pregnancy potentially lowered users' inhibitions to ask seemingly embarrassing health questions and allowed them to receive responses in a timely manner. Future studies should assess women's motivations for using the Community feature of the app and assess the quality of medical information exchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note welcomes the judgment in ZXC and in particular the humane and nuanced recognition of reality. The general public do not draw the technical distinctions that professionals and carefully guided juries do on the presumption of innocence. The extension of anonymity until charge is a welcome outcome. The note also considers the taxonomy of the area, responding to the note by Tom Bennett in this volume. It suggests that the 'hippogriffian' aspects of the tort of MPI can be explained and justified with a little work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In I Bloomberg v ZXC i , the Supreme Court decided that 'a person under criminal investigation has, prior to being charged, a reasonable expectation of privacy in respect of information relating to that investigation.'[1] The decision adds the highest court's authority to a conclusion that the lower courts had reached in a series of decisions. In 2016, Bloomberg published an article stating that ZXC had been interviewed as part of the investigation. 37 Some parts of the reasoning on the specific facts of I ZXC i reflect this point, for example where the Court refers to an investigation by "an organ of the state", I ZXC i (n 1) [78] and [80], but this does not play a central role in the Court's explanation of the starting point. Instead, a significant part of the Court's reasoning focused on the general acceptance of the information as private by the lower courts and in the policy of the police.[16] Such evidence is important, as what is considered to be private will be socially determined and vary in different societies. [Extracted from the article]

Online participatory cultures (e.g. social media) present a number of opportunities and challenges for language learners. Learners can collaborate with like-minded peers in online affinity spaces or get crowd-sourced information from the locals of a target culture, but they also run the risk of getting lost in the overwhelming amount of noise and disruption in these 'wild' environments. This proliferation of user-generated content requires new forms of information literacy, so that everyone has equal access and ability to participate in modern social environments. English language learners (ELLs) may require extra training in using English-based social media effectively, but to date little research has examined this area. This study investigated the characteristics and trends of ELLs' use of social media, how language abilities and previous social media experience affect ELLs' perceptions of anonymous user-generated content in an online discussion website (Reddit), and the strategies learners use to overcome the challenges they encounter in these online environments. The results indicate the importance of adding a sociocultural pragmatics component into the framework of social media literacy and were used to inform recommendations for future social media training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions on the relationship between urban form and social capital have garnered attention for a long time as they are well documented in the literature. However, the empirical analysis regarding these two issues is still limited. This study proposes a new perspective on the link between the 3Ds (Density, Diversity, and Design) element of urban form and social capital in the global south using the Indonesian context. Using the linear multilevel regression, this study consistently revealed a contradicting result according to which greater residential density is negatively associated with several social capital factors. Surprisingly, more retail areas in cities are adversely associated with some social capital indicators. High connectivity did not necessarily encourage the development of social capital for small-medium cities. This study showed varied associations between density and social capital in small-medium, and large cities, with consistent results regarding land use mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ever since location-based services and mobile applications collecting data gathered through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning have become popular, concerns about location privacy have been expressed. Research has shown that human trajectory repositories containing sequences of observed locations ordered in time constitute a rich source for analyzing movement patterns, but they can also reveal sensitive personal information, such as a person's home address. In this paper, we present a mechanism that protects visits to sensitive locations by suppressing revealing parts of trajectories. Our attack model acknowledges that the course of a trajectory, combined with spatial context information, can facilitate privacy breaches even if sensitive locations have been concealed. Thus, we introduce the concept of k-site-unidentifiability, a specialization of k-anonymity, under which a sensitive location cannot be singled out from a group of at least k sites that the trajectory could have visited. In an experimental study, we show that our method is utility-preserving and protects sensitive locations reliably even in sparsely built environments. As it can process each trajectory independently, individuals may also use our mechanism to enhance their privacy before publishing their trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to design a computer-mediated social support platform for women in Indonesia who have experienced sexual harassment. In doing so, the following are the research questions that had to be answered: What types of social support are most needed by women victims of sexual harassment? What are the most effective ways to communicate with women victims of sexual harassment? And, what features are most necessary in a CMSS platform for women sexual harassment victims? In-depth interviews with representatives of four organizations that deal with victims of sexual harassment, as well as a survey on 278 Indonesian women were conducted. Data was analyzed through the lenses of the CMSS and Barbee and Cunningham's Support Activation Behavior Coding System (1995) theoretical framework. Findings showed that: Legal and psychological support are the types of support most needed by sexual harassment victims; The most effective ways to communicate with the victims of sexual harassment are by giving assurance of anonymity; allowing them to tell their story uninterruptedly; communicating through an advocate or companion, when needed; getting the family on board; campus visits and campaigns; and, using online tools, and; The most important features in a computer-mediated social support online platform for sexual harassment victims are: Easy accessibility, information, anonymity, means of catharsis, and referral to other organizations. Sororitas was designed based on these findings. However, some tasks still need to be done before launching, including establishing the standard operating procedures, fostering collaborations with partner non-profit organizations, and recruiting website administrators and volunteers. Regular monitoring and evaluation must also be conducted to measure its effectiveness. The healing process for every victim varies greatly, and Sororitas may only be a miniscule part of that process, but the objective is to provide support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the outcomes of an online coin-tossing experiment evaluating cheating behavior among Ukrainian students. Over 1,500 participants were asked to make ten coin tosses and were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups tossing coins (1) online, (2) manually, or (3) having the choice between tossing manually or online. The study outcomes suggest that students are more inclined to cheat when they perceive the coin toss to be more "private." Moreover, the students' attitudes toward corruption appear to matter for the extent of their cheating, while socio-demographic characteristics were less important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses anonymizing elite interviewees. Based on our experiences with interviewing professional elites and ultra-elites in different research projects, we describe how the types of conflicts involving analysis and publication change when interviewees are not promised anonymity. We discuss how contextualizing the elite positions of anonymized interviewees becomes increasingly difficult in interviews with persons who hold prestigious positions of authority and are interviewed in their official capacity. Masking interviewees can create conflicts with regard to the researcher's presentation of results, the transparency of the research and the ability of interviewees to talk back. We show how working with non-anonymized interviewees – and even using excerpts from interviews on public radio – can be an option in qualitative research. However, non-anonymized interviews with elites should be considered only in some instances and may seriously hamper the validity of the material in other cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proxy re-encryption is an essential prerequisite that facilitates a foreign entity (e.g., cloud server) to enforce the access of provisions of a document extended by one user to another user. While performing this task it is essential that the foreign entity does not learn any information about the actual document inside the encrypted envelop. In this paper, we present a scheme on Privacy-preserving Proxy Re-encryption for Access Control in Public Cloud, termed as PAC, that provides the proxy re-encryption of attribute-based encrypted data with receiver privacy. The proposed PAC scheme enables a proxy server to perform the re-encryption operation without learning anything about the data or the access policy. The PAC provides data confidentiality, and preserves receiver privacy. We show the PAC scheme adaptively secure against indistinguishability of ciphertext policy and chosen-plaintext attack (IND-CP-CPA) under the 2-Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Inversion assumption. The scheme is implemented on Google cloud instance and the experimental results show that the PAC scheme is storage and computation-efficient when compared to other related schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For historians studying socially and historically marginalised groups, archives of disciplinary institutions often contain a range of valuable sources, some of which are autobiographical in nature. However, when using these intimate sources, researchers must fulfil legal requirements to comply with various norms on privacy protection. This balancing act between giving voice to vulnerable groups and respecting their privacy gives rise to several ethical dilemmas. This article provides a framework to assess the balance between privacy protection and the disclosing of names. It starts with a discussion concerning the methodological implications of anonymisation. It then discusses four issues pertaining to privacy protection when using autobiographical material from institutionalised individuals: (1) Can naming cause harm to living persons? (2) Can naming fight social stigma? (3) Does anonymisation make people invisible? (4) Does naming violate the posthumous privacy of the deceased? I use my own research on autobiographical documents of juvenile delinquents in Belgium (1890–1960) as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This raises the following question: how could Kojève develop his later atheistic philosophy vis-à-vis the Nothing and atheist-theist dispute over it, given that he acknowledged atheism has its fair share of paradoxes? In Europe in the I annus horriibilis i of 1933, Edmund Husserl wrote in an unpublished manuscript: "If such a science (phenomenology) indeed leads to God, its road would be to an atheistic God." For Kojève, this explains why theism has failed to I conceptualise i a rational God via the trinitarian "synthesis" (181 n. 189).[9] To understand this paradoxicality of theism, Kojève attempts to identify the phenomenological encounter that gives rise to it. Kojève's I philosophical i writings after the Hegel Course were all proclaimed by him to be "introductions" (of a "pedagogical" nature) to the " I Système du Savoir i ." 18 Wittgenstein, I Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus i , sec. 6.5-7, 150-51. 19 Kojève discusses "silence" in the I Introduction to the Reading of Hegel i , 83-84, 91, 234; cf. [Extracted from the article]