13 results on '"etiopathogenesis"'
Search Results
2. The Role of Regulatory T and B Cells in the Etiopathogenesis of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis.
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Ucaryilmaz, Hulya, Koksal, Hande, Emsen, Ayca, Kadoglou, Naim, Dixon, John Michael, and Artac, Hasibe
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REGULATORY B cells , *REGULATORY T cells , *MASTITIS , *B cells - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of T- and B-regulatory cells (Tregs and Bregs) in the pathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). This study includes 47 patients with pathologically proven IGM (Group P) and 26 healthy subjects (Group C). The patients in Group P were divided into two groups according to whether their lesions were active (Group PA, n: 21) or in remission (Group PR, n: 26). By using flow-cytometry, the frequencies of CD3+CD4+CD45RA−Foxp3high activated Tregs (aTregs), CD3+CD4+CD45RA−Foxp3low non-suppressive Tregs, CD3+CD4+CD45RA+Foxp3low resting Tregs (rTregs), CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3− T-effector cells (Teff), total Tregs and Bregs were analyzed in all subjects. The frequency of the Teff cells was statistically higher in Group P when compared with Group C (p =.004). The Foxp3 expression of Treg cells and the frequency of non-suppressive Tregs in Group P were statistically lower than Group C (p =.032 and p =.02, respectively). In addition, Group PR's Foxp3 expressions were statistically lower than Group C (p =.027); Group PR's aTregs ratio was statistically lower than Group PA (p =.021); and the non-suppressive Tregs ratio of Group PR was lower than both Group PA and Group C (p =.006 and p <.0001). No significant differences were seen Bregs and B cell subsets. Significant changes in Foxp3 expression and Treg subsets were seen in patients with active IGM lesion and in remission. This study shows an intrinsic defect of Tregs in patients with IGM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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3. The Role of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy.
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Maciejewski, Adam, Kowalczyk, Michał J., Gasińska, Teresa, Szeliga, Anna, Prendecki, Michał, Dorszewska, Jolanta, Żaba, Ryszard, and Łącka, Katarzyna
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THYROID eye disease , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *CELL receptors , *DISEASE susceptibility , *GENES , *GENOTYPES - Abstract
Purpose: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disease that typically occurs in the course of Graves' disease. VDR gene has been tested for its association with autoimmune thyroid diseases, with conflicting results. The study aimed to evaluate the association of selected VDR polymorphisms (rs2228570, rs1544410, rs7975232, rs731236, and rs11568820) with susceptibility to TAO.Methods: 108 TAO patients and 130 control subjects were enrolled. Polymorphisms were studied by PCR-RFLP or TaqMan real-time PCR.Results: Genotype distributions of rs2228570 differed significantly between TAO and controls under a dominant model (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.03-4.08; p = .04). TAO patients also had slightly increased frequency of C allele of rs2228570 comparing to controls (p = .05). However, the study failed to find any associations between VDR polymorphisms and the analyzed clinical features of the disease.Conclusions: These preliminary results have shown that C allele of rs2228570 may contribute to the development of TAO in patients of Caucasian Polish origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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4. Clinical manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: key considerations and major features.
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Grygiel-Górniak, Bogna, Limphaibool, Nattakarn, Perkowska, Katarzyna, and Puszczewicz, Mariusz
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GRANULOMATOSIS with polyangiitis diagnosis ,GRANULOMATOSIS with polyangiitis treatment ,RESPIRATORY diseases ,NEUROLOGY ,CLINICAL medicine ,HYPERTEXT literature - Abstract
Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) presents a wide spectrum of manifestations from the common respiratory symptoms to infrequent neurological and cardiac complications. The challenge in diagnosis and management makes the rapidly progressive disorder one of the most challenging dilemmas in clinical medicine.Method: An extensive electronic literature search was done using multiple databases (e.g. PubMed) from January 2007 to August 2017 to gather information on the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, and current treatment management plan of GPA. The language used was English. Search items included 'Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis symptoms,' 'Wegener's Granulomatosis,' and 'Treatment of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis' for the databases. Inclusion criteria consisted of published articles in the English language which reported on the clinical manifestations of GPA, as well as on the treatment of the disease. Exclusion criteria included articles that: (1) did not specifically report on GPA vasculitis but also focused on discussion of other vasculitis such as MPA or Churg-Strauss; (2) reported on treatment/symptoms of GPA prior to 2007.Result: This review provides an overview of work undertaken in key areas of GPA research, including its complex multifactorial etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment strategies, and treatment-related adverse effects.Conclusion: Major advances in the understanding and treatment of GPA over recent decades have contributed to the notable decline in morbidity and mortality of patients. The ultimate goal is an improved prognosis through outcome measures which assesses the disease control with minimal adverse effects of intensive immunosuppressive regimens, an integral part of the clinical approach to improve the quality of life of GPA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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5. The association between triglyceride high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and benign prostate hyperplasia in non-diabetic patients:a cross-sectional study.
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Besiroglu, Huseyin, Dursun, Murat, Otunctemur, Alper, and Ozbek, Emin
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ISOPENTENOIDS , *PROPERTIES of matter , *BLOOD lipoproteins , *CHOLESTEROL , *CELLULAR pathology , *HIGH density lipoproteins , *PROSTATE , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *URINARY organs , *BENIGN prostatic hyperplasia , *BODY mass index , *CROSS-sectional method , *SEVERITY of illness index , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *WAIST circumference - Abstract
Objectives:To assess the association between triglyceride (TG)/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and benign prostate hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS). Methods:Four hundred patients who were admitted to the Urology Clinic between January and December 2014 with complaints of BPH/LUTS were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups according to their International Prostate Symptom Score and prostate volume (PV). They were compared in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), PV, PSA, post micturional residual volume, uroflowmetryQmax value, fasting blood sugar, TG and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level and TG/HDL ratio. Results:Although univariate analyses reveal that age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), FBS, TG, HDL-C level, and TG/HDL ratio were correlated with PV, only age [1.125 OR (1.088–1.164),p = .00001], BMI [1.119 OR (1.040–1.204),p = .003], TG [(1.043 OR (1.016–1.071),p = .002], HDL-C [(0.923 OR (0.860–0.990),p = .025], and TG/HDL ratio [(1.224 OR (1.130–1.315),p = .014] were statistically significant in multivariate analysis. The calculated area under the curve (AUC) for PV of 30 ml, 40 ml, and 50 ml was 0.668 (0.608–0.727), 0.617 (0.561–0.673), and 0.592 (0.530–0.654), respectively. Conclusions:Our results indicate that the TG/HDL ratio correlates with enhancement in PV. Further studies are warranted to better evaluate this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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6. HB-EGF expression as a potential biomarker of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.
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Xie, Shumin, Wang, Xiaoli, Ren, Hongmiao, Liu, Xiaoyu, Ren, Jihao, and Liu, Wei
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RNA analysis , *CELL proliferation , *BIOMARKERS , *BONE resorption , *CHOLESTEATOMA , *GENE expression , *GROWTH factors , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *KERATINOCYTES , *MIDDLE ear , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *WESTERN immunoblotting - Abstract
Conclusions: The heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) plays an essential role in the development and invasiveness of cholesteatoma. This study may help to realize the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma and make HB-EGF a promising target for drug intervention of cholesteatoma. Objective: To detect HB-EGF expression in human surgical specimens of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma and analyze its functional role as a regulator of epithelial keratinocytes hyperproliferation. Methods: A total of 34 patients who underwent surgical treatment for middle ear cholesteatoma were recruited in the study. The mRNA and protein expression of HB-EGF in middle ear cholesteatoma tissues and normal postauricular skin tissues was investigated by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemical staining, and western blot. The correlation between bone resorption degree and HB-EGF expression was also analyzed. Results: On average, compared with normal postauricular skin, expression of HB-EGF mRNA in the cholesteatoma epithelium was significantly elevated 2.41-fold by RT-qPCR, and HB-EGF protein significantly upregulated 2.32-fold by western blot. Positive HB-EGF immunostaining observed in the basal and suprabasal layers of cholesteatoma epithelium was significantly stronger than in normal postauricular skin. Meanwhile, an obviously positive correlation between HB-EGF protein expression and bone resorption degree was discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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7. Genetic expressions of thrombophilic factors in patients with Sheehan’s syndrome.
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Bayram, Fahri, Diri, Halit, Sener, Elif Funda, Dundar, Munis, and Simsek, Yasin
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SHEEHAN'S syndrome , *HYPERCOAGULATION disorders , *GENE expression , *PROTHROMBIN time , *METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE reductase - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of factors associated with coagulation in the etiology and pathogenesis of Sheehan’s syndrome (SS) which is a frequent cause of hypopituitarism in underdeveloped and developing regions of the world. Methods: Mean prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and expression levels of genes, which included methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), coagulation factorV (FV), FVII, FVIIIandFIXin 44 patients with SS were compared with 43 healthy subjects. Results: The mean expression level of theACEgene was significantly lower, while that of theFVgene was significantly higher in the patients with SS. No significant difference was found between the patients with SS and the healthy subjects in the comparisons of the remaining gene expression values, as well as in the PT and APTT values. Conclusion: An increased expression of theFVgene may be a contributing factor for the development of SS in some patients. Further studies are required to clarify the roles of coagulation disorders in the development of SS. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2016
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8. Anemia in malignancies: Pathogenetic and diagnostic considerations.
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Gaspar, Balan Louis, Sharma, Prashant, and Das, Reena
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ANEMIA treatment , *CANCER chemotherapy , *CANCER patients , *PATHOLOGICAL physiology - Abstract
Objectives The aim of this paper is to review the pathogenesis and diagnostic approaches to anemia in cancer patients. Methods PubMed was queried for various combinations of anemia and cancer-related terms using appropriate filters for articles and practice guidelines published in the last 5 years. Specific searches were conducted for individual pathogenetic mechanisms and malignancies of specific anatomic sites. Results Anemia is the commonest hematological manifestation of cancer, afflicting 40–64% of patients treated for malignancies. Pathophysiologically, cancer-related anemia can be classified into four broad but overlapping categories: hypoproliferative anemia including the common anemia of inflammation/chronic disease, hemolytic anemia, miscellaneous etiologies, and uncertain etiologies. Anemia incidence increases with the administration of chemotherapy/radiotherapy. It reduces the quality of life and shortens survival in cancer patients. A positive correlation is observed between anemia and tumor hypoxia. Experimentally, hypoxemia enhances tumor growth and resistance to therapy by stimulating angiogenesis, acquisition of genomic mutations, and increasing resistance to apoptosis as well as to the killing effects of chemo/radiotherapy-generated free radicals. Discussion Diagnostic approaches to the anemic cancer patient begin with a detailed clinical history and physical examination. Peripheral blood morphology and reticulocyte count are also helpful. Patients with unexplained anemia are evaluated by standard approaches also used in patients of similar age without malignancy. Serum iron profile and bone marrow examination are often required in difficult cases. This review focuses on major aspects of the pathogenesis of the individual entities. Diagnostic approaches and uncommon causes including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, acquired hemoglobinopathies, and myelodysplasia are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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9. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and the microbiota: current knowledge and perspectives on etiopathogenesis and emerging therapies.
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Tabibian, James H., O'Hara, Steven P., and Lindor, Keith D.
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LIVER diseases , *CHOLESTASIS , *CIRRHOSIS of the liver , *GUT microbiome , *ENTEROHEPATIC circulation - Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, fibroinflammatory, cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiopathogenesis. PSC generally progresses to liver cirrhosis, is a major risk factor for hepatobiliary and colonic neoplasia, and confers a median survival to death or liver transplantation of only 12 years. Although it is well recognized that approximately 75% of patients with PSC also have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the significance of this association remains elusive. Accumulating evidence now suggests a potentially important role for the intestinal microbiota, and enterohepatic circulation of molecules derived therefrom, as a putative mechanistic link between PSC and IBD and a central pathobiological driver of PSC. In this concise review, we provide a summary of and perspectives regarding the relevant basic, translational, and clinical data, which, taken together, encourage further investigation of the role of the microbiota and microbial metabolites in the etiopathogenesis of PSC and as a potential target for novel pharmacotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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10. Determinants of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis.
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Queiro, Rubén, Alperi, Mercedes, Alonso, Sara, Riestra, José Luis, and Ballina, Javier
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- 2010
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11. Wegener's granulomatosis: an update on diagnosis and therapy.
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Manna, R., Cadoni, G., Ferri, E., Verrecchia, E., Giovinale, M., Fonnesu, C., Calò, L., Armato, E., and Paludetti, G.
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GRANULOMATOSIS with polyangiitis ,VASCULITIS ,GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ,INFLAMMATION ,IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a unique clinicopathological disease characterized by necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of the respiratory tract, pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis and small-vessel vasculitis. Owing to its wide range of clinical manifestations, WG has a broad spectrum of severity that includes the potential for alveolar hemorrhage or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, which are immediately life threatening. WG is associated with the presence of circulating antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (c-ANCAs). The most widely accepted pathogenetic model suggests that c-ANCA-activated cytokine-primed neutrophils induce microvascular damage and a rapid escalation of inflammation with recruitment of mononuclear cells. The diagnosis of WG is made on the basis of typical clinical and radiologic findings, by biopsy of involved organ, the presence of c-ANCA and exclusion of all other small-vessel vasculitis. Currently, a regimen consisting of daily cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids is considered standard therapy. A number of trials have evaluated the efficacy of less-toxic immunosuppressants and antibacterials for treating patients with WG, resulting in the identification of effective alternative regimens to induce or maintain remission in certain subpopulations of patients. Recent investigation has focused on other immunomodulatory agents (e.g., TNF-α inhibitors and anti-CD20 antibodies), intravenous immunoglobulins and antithymocyte globulins for treating patients with resistant WG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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12. Stage IV Primitive-Appearing Sinus and Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma Presenting in a 68-year-old Female Previously Treated for Breast Cancer.
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Morris, Carrie L., Mukundan, Srinivasan, Heimann, Alan, Cummings, Thomas J., and Chesnutt, David A.
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BREAST cancer , *EXOPHTHALMOS , *DIPLOPIA , *RHABDOMYOSARCOMA , *TUMORS - Abstract
A 68-year-old female who had undergone treatment several years previously for breast cancer presented with diplopia and unilateral proptosis and exposure keratopathy related to biopsy-proven rhabdomyosarcoma of the sinus and orbit. Further evaluation revealed multiple metastatic lesions felt to have originated from the primary sinus and orbital tumor. Histopathologic examination showed primitive-appearing rhabdomyosarcoma with some features suggestive of the alveolar subtype. Orbital or sinus rhabdomyosarcoma is seen almost exclusively in the pediatric population, but may very rarely occur in adults. There are several genetic mutations that appear to play a role in both rhabdomyosarcoma and certain breast tumors. There is also increasing evidence that even low doses of radiation may contribute to the future development of cancer, particularly in susceptible individuals. In our patient with atypical demographics for rhabdomyosarcoma, the previous neoplasm and treatment thereof may have predisposed to the development of this rare tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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13. Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease—The Clinician's Perspective.
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Rutgeerts, Paul and Geboes, Karel
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INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases , *MONOCLONAL antibodies - Abstract
The treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is a huge challenge to the clinician mainly because the etiology of IBD is still completely unknown. Pathogenetic mechanisms, in constrast, have partly been elucidated thanks to immunohistochemical investigation of the tissue in IBD and the study of experimental animal models of gut inflammation. There is extensive evidence that at least in Crohn's disease tolerance for commensal bacteria is lost which leads to uncontrolled inflammation mediated by a T-helper 1 response and to tissue destruction of the gut epithelium with inadequate repair. Genetic factors are probably responsible for increased susceptibility and may define disease phenotypes. These insights have led to a dramatic improvement of our therapeutic means with the development of the chimeric monoclonal antibody to TNF. The pathogenetic mechanisms are less clear in UC. The hypothesis is that UC is a T-helper 2 mediated disease. We have a very attractive way to study the early onset of Crohn's disease in the postoperative Crohn's situation. Newer therapeutic approaches should aim at preventing recurrence of Crohn's lesions in the normal postoperative bowel. Such model is also available for UC since there is increasing evidence that pouchitis is recurrent ulcerative colitis in the small bowel. Cooperation between clinicians and basic scientists is the best way to achieve fast progress in understanding IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2001
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