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Rainbow third-party certifications are under explored, with no work exploring Rainbow consumers' perspectives. Consequently, this paper aims to capture these perceptions but from the perspective of transgender and non-binary (TGNB) consumers. Given dominant systemic binarism, TGNB individuals are often overlooked and experience invisibility and market vulnerability. Semi-structured interviews revealed TGNB consumers showed concern and scepticism about the authenticity of the Rainbow Tick certification with evaluating factors including transparency, robustness, accountability and inaccuracies emerging. Moreover, affiliated companies themselves do not take enough responsibility in promoting their certification and are not engaging communities continuously. The findings provide a tool for evaluating Rainbow certification as a branding tool and a typology for gauging authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic practice, defined as the everyday activity concerned with the running of a household, is an important part of working in the home. We have seen important social and market changes that have transformed the meaning and performance of domestic practice, predominantly in Western societies, from an unpaid women's duty to a skill worthy of market exchange within the digital economy. Prior literature has offered a range of meanings for domestic practice, from highly gendered and tied to motherhood, to a symbol of familial identity, to a source of income and capital accumulation. However, what we know less about is how domestic practice has evolved into a form of commodified work. Based on a historical narrative literature review of prior studies in marketing and consumer research, we show the evolution of domestic practice within the successive stages of capitalism and capture the historic forces that have contributed to its transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of macro-level discourses of age, gender and sexuality in a meso-level consumer discussion from social media revealing how gender ideology and power materialise in the consumption of the 2022 film Good Luck to You, Leo Grande. We respond to the call to establish 'how fictional representations in films...can be used discursively to understand market structure and consumption experiences'. We demonstrate the enduring value of popular culture as a window into understanding consumers. By establishing that postfeminist and successful ageing discourses are appropriated to inform consumption, we contribute to the theorisation of affective marketplace exclusion by arguing that these powerful ideologies weaponise stigma to marginalise and exclude, in other words, that the symbolic consumption of popular culture informs marketplace gendered and sexual politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are women more likely to shy away from competitive and uncertain environments when considering information technology (IT)-related work options, relative to men? Does gender play a role in the propensity to participate in the marketplace for competitive and uncertain work? The response to this has implications for understanding the participation rate of women within the IT sector, as well as for setting policy aimed at increasing the number of women in the IT industry. Addressing this question using data from organizations is difficult, given the presence of organizational and institutional confounds. In this paper, we investigate this research question through a series of lab experiments using three sets of suitable subjects: graduate students in Information Systems and Business Analytics programs, MTurk, and Prolific respondents with IT backgrounds. Using the experimental context of a competitive online labor market, we study how competition and wage uncertainty affect the decision to bid for a project as well as the wage expectations across gender. Our results across three studies show that (a) women are more likely to bid for projects with higher coordination needs: navigating, communicating across, and managing multiple domains, technological, functional, and geographical boundaries; and (b) women are also more likely to bid when there is higher competition. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of gender, competitiveness, and uncertainty within the IT industry, and informs managers and policymakers regarding the intrinsic preferences of early-stage IT professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nautical environment has been challenging for women. However, interviewing experienced female sailors, we noticed that despite the adversity they face, they consider the experience of sailing as something profoundly impactful and powerful in their lives. This research discusses the power of the aesthetic experience of sailing for women, thus adding to the gender discussion. In order to do so, we make use of a theoretical framework that addresses the relationship between being and the materiality of the world. In describing these aesthetic experiences lived in the body, Bachelard's phenomenology of the image stands out. By productive imagination and poetic images found in the field research and characterized as powerful by the sailors, the social construction of gender and the images between adventure and delicacy appears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The line between gender and sex has become increasingly muddled in literature. Tensions surrounding this topic are ever-increasing and definitions of the two are rarely consistent. For improving conceptual clarity, we adopted the Social Role Theory to explore how these two terms differ and relate by laying out a cyclical framework of biological, sociological, and psychological components. Herein, we discuss the origins of the binary sex construct, anatomical brain/cognition differences, and sex/gender role implications for education and physical education. We confront the topic in a content area that continues to be masculine-oriented with the purpose to conceptualize sex/gender in physical education research through clarifying the evolutionary biosocial spectrum. Offering a reconceptualization of gender as a multidimensional construct could inspire further curricular reform for the content to be more inclusive of all participants, learnable by all students regardless of sex and gender, and beneficial both mentally and physically to all learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, data are used to explore the current degree of management feminization in Spain's leading archives and libraries. By examining male directors' perception of the possible implications of the profession's feminization on their work, this study contributes to research into the feminization of the archival profession and librarianship. The various results were cross-checked, revealing that both current data and 40-year-old data show a prevalence of female leadership and therefore feminized management in Spain's main archives and libraries. Pertinent contributions on the historical process of these professions' feminization in Spain are offered, together with surprising data on the low number of female directors in international professional organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to critique current women-only coach education initiatives, before suggesting an alternative approach to dealing with gender discrimination in coaching provision. Having increased in popularity over recent years, primarily through justifications as being "safe spaces" for participants, such initiatives have nevertheless become contested terrain. Whilst seeing some value in the initial "safe space" position, we argue that their substance should be focussed not so much on duplicating mainstream content (e.g., particular coaching pedagogies), but on developing a critical sociological consciousness, including both a deconstruction and reconstruction of (minority) coaching selves. Such a consciousness comprises (1) a judicious awareness of influencing social structures and why things are as they are and (2) a recourse to micropolitical agency in terms of a stance-related identity to develop a more secure coaching self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this integrative review we analyze research from multiple fields of study in regards to gender equality, gender equity, and sport participation over the past twenty years (2000–2020). Key findings highlight a) women and girls' socialization into sport and the performance of femininity and heteronormativity, b) the psychological benefits, negative effects, and participant retention, c) a lack of transformative critique of sport structures and barriers to access, and d) critique of sport policy that enhances equity and equality. Embedded throughout the presentation of these four interrelated areas of interest, we offer a critique about the state of research so that others might draw insight for future research directions. We conclude by outlining potential intersectional and transformational frameworks that connect research to social and political action. We also provide commentary on knowledge creation, databases, and the politicization of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated factors related to female incarceration in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Using an administrative dataset from Corrective Services NSW (CSNSW), we tested the ability of factors derived from two theoretical perspectives in criminology, the Psychology of Criminal Conduct (PCC; Bonta & Andrews, 2024, The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (7th ed.). Routledge), and feminist criminology (Belknap, 2020, The invisible woman: Gender, crime, and justice. California, Sage Publications; Daly, 1992, Women's pathways to felony court: Feminist theories of lawbreaking and problems of representation. Southern Californian Review of Law and Women’s Studies, 2, 11–52; 1994, Gender, crime and punishment. Yale University Press) to differentiate between men and women in prison. Participants (N = 7,865) were individuals serving their first custodial sentence in a New South Wales Correctional Centre between 2017 and 2019. A logistic regression tested the ability of the PCC and feminist criminology risk factors to differentiate between incarcerated men and women. People with more extensive criminal histories had lower odds of being women, and people scoring higher on the family and marital circumstances, finance, accommodation, antisocial associates, and emotional regulation domains and who were Indigenous had higher odds of being women. A history of victimisation and child removal significantly also differentiated between incarcerated men and women. Correctional interventions should be encouraged that attend to these factors in incarcerated women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does it mean when the future of one's life is exposed to the inscrutable will of an intangible other? And what are the possibilities of still asserting oneself when pushed to the limit? Nuancing the feelings of different actors in a detention centre and analysing how everyday moods, affects and violence intertwine, I explore how the randomly cruel and often-inexplicable logic of the contemporary deportation regime pushes migrants to their limits. Taking as my starting point the argument that deportation practices are effective because they operate on an affective level, I show how affective experiences manifest themselves bodily and how violent practices and discourses reverberate in bodies. I argue that 'bodies under pressure' are testimonies of racialised histories of exclusion, and I show how they become calls for social recognition. Exploring small, often-unintended acts of rebellion against exhausting deportation practices, I stress the existential necessity and social importance of including oneself in the realm of meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how German volunteers navigate the often conflicting and emotionally loaded European practices and discourses of removal when interacting with Senegalese returnees in Senegal. Following male Senegalese returnees and female German volunteers, it analyses the affective long-term entanglements the volunteers engage in to support Senegalese men after they have left Europe. It illustrates the importance of emotion work as volunteers deal with the multidirectional circulation of mistrust and frustration between returnees, institutions and donors in the return migration industry. In the circulation of affects in these engagements, mistrust is at times transformed into trust but may also fall back into suspicion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Test-item bias has become an increasingly challenging issue in statistics and education. A popular method, the Mantel-Haenszel test, is used for detecting non-uniform differential item functioning (DIF) but requires constructing several performance tiers to maintain robustness. The alternative Mantel-Haenszel (AMH) test was developed within the last three decades as a proxy procedure requiring only two scoring tiers. However, there needs to be more information on how essential factors like comparison group sizes and question discrimination affect its ability to detect bias. This study investigates how item difficulty and discrimination and the examined ratio between the focal and reference groups impact the likelihood of the AMH test detecting DIF. A comprehensive simulation study was conducted where the test scores were generated under three conditions. There are three commonly used difficulty levels (easy, medium, and hard), two discrimination levels (referred to as 'low' and 'high'), and three group comparison ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 5:1). The simulation study showed the AMH test's detection rates comparable to those of other standardized procedures like the Breslow-Day (BD) and even better. The current study aims to investigate and determine the factors that affect AMH test detection behavior. The study concludes with an application involving collegiate-level test data comparing students across genders and majors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how young people’s social positions in a Finnish lower secondary school are shaped at the intersection of their gendered performances and other social differences. More specifically, the focus is on what kinds of masculine performances invite collective interpretations that contribute to the performer’s marginal position in a local school or classroom hierarchy. Based on ethnographic data and examination of the social positions of three young people in particular, the article highlights the collective nature of creating gendered hierarchies in a school context and the importance of gender and race in how young people’s gendered performances are understood. Theoretically, the article also considers the question of change and continuity in young masculinities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to the desexing perspective of fieldwork methodology, this article examines how sex/gender consciousness and the personal socio-cultural backgrounds of the researcher entangle to affect her observation, interaction, and meaning-making in the field. Due to divergencies in identity, positionality, and location, the researcher and her research subjects develop different sex/gender concepts and practices. The processes of encounters and negotiations modify or open up the dimensions of knowing and understanding, which then influence the researcher’s formation of knowledge. The public dimensions of fieldwork and the potential dynamics of debate come to light through the researcher’s reflection, self-positioning, and writing. This article will explore the above-mentioned phenomena via a transgender fieldsite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractEach of us is embodied. Our relationships are reinforced and swayed by physiological processes. States that impose unwanted childbirth on women also force them into unwanted bonds of care. While most people who have given birth understand this because they experienced it, this formative experience is alien to cisgender men. Yet the physiological changes that birthing people undergo are points that few commentators on abortion raise. There are several possible reasons for this, including concerns about reifying biological processes that have been used to assert alleged truths about the “natural” role of women in society and culture. I discuss the physiological underpinnings of maternal/neonate bonds, the importance of this issue in the abortion debate, and the role it ought to play, while keeping in mind the valid critiques of historical and current appeals to biology as a means of subjugating women socially and culturally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to higher education continues to increase in the Caribbean, and with this comes disparities among those who participate. For instance, Jamaica, a traditionally patriarchal society, has seen a greater increase among women participating in higher education when compared to men. This paper presents findings that highlight how non-traditional adult learners at a university in Jamaica describe the role of gender in their graduate school experiences. Drawing on data collected through photovoice methodology with 10 non-traditional adult learners, the findings indicate that adult learners experienced challenges associated with gendered roles and gendered spaces. The cis-gender women in the study pointed out connections between their roles in their families and their identity as students, and the male student mainly spoke to how he felt in an academic space dominated by women. The findings also suggest that experiences associated with gender are linked to socio-historical and cultural norms within Caribbean societies like Jamaica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nImplications for rehabilitationTo examine the socio-demographic, health, treatment, organisation, job, and labour market characteristics of 484 German sick-listed employees diagnosed with a mental disorder (MD), along with gender differences.This cross-sectional study used online baseline self-report data from sick-listed employees diagnosed with and treated for a MD, recruited as part of an evaluation trial for a return to work (RTW) intervention (DRKS00026232). Descriptives and t-tests/chi-squared tests were performed.Mean age was 42.6 years (range 20–60 years). Nearly 60% were female, 31% highly educated, and more than half fell into lower gross household income groups. Recurrent depression was a common diagnosis. The employees reported moderate depressive symptoms, low RTW self-efficacy, and poor work ability. Gradual RTW was rated the most common workplace accommodation need for RTW. Significant gender differences were found regarding socio-demographic, health, job, and labour market characteristics.Despite the majority having permanent, fulltime, white-collar jobs, the results highlight the vulnerability of persons with a diagnosed MD in the labour market, suggesting an urgent need for more clinical and work-directed aftercare. Women seem more disadvantaged than men but not regarding treatment and organisation characteristics, emphasising the importance of addressing gender differences in mental health and practice.Sick-listed employees diagnosed with and treated for a MD report moderate depressive symptoms, low RTW self-efficacy, poor work ability, and lower income, which implies a need for more clinical and work-directed aftercare.Employees with a MD are more likely to exit the labour market prematurely.Comprehensive knowledge of the characteristics of sick-listed employees diagnosed with and treated for a MD is crucial for targeting interventions to promote RTW.The treatment and preparation for RTW should be tailored more towards the specific problems female employees with a diagnosed MD experience.Sick-listed employees diagnosed with and treated for a MD report moderate depressive symptoms, low RTW self-efficacy, poor work ability, and lower income, which implies a need for more clinical and work-directed aftercare.Employees with a MD are more likely to exit the labour market prematurely.Comprehensive knowledge of the characteristics of sick-listed employees diagnosed with and treated for a MD is crucial for targeting interventions to promote RTW.The treatment and preparation for RTW should be tailored more towards the specific problems female employees with a diagnosed MD experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there have been concerted global efforts to develop women’s visually impaired (VI) football. However, these developments have not occurred without challenges and the players’ experiences during this significant period of progress have received no academic attention. We adopt an intra-categorical complexity approach to intersectionality to explore VI women’s experiences of becoming and being footballers. The study utilises a focus group and in-depth semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of seven women, with differing sight conditions, who have participated in VI football in England. Using abductive analysis, we examine how the players’ lived experiences have been shaped by the complex intersections of being female, disabled and, more specifically, VI. Our analysis reveals that these intersections create inequitable outcomes for footballers with various subordinate identities. The main inequities derive from the historic marginalisation of women in disability football and include the challenges of learning a new sport, players with different sight conditions adjusting to wearing blindfolds in blind football, and tensions between players brought about by the combination of B1–B3 classes. The findings reveal the complex lived realities of VI women footballers, which have implications for key stakeholders tasked with growing the game in a manner that leads to more equitable outcomes for VI women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we report our qualitative survey research that explored lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ+) people’s experiences of motorsport. Fifty-nine participants were recruited with support from Motorsport UK and Racing Pride, who posted invitations to participate on their social media channels. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in two themes. In the first theme, ‘The first rule of the race team is no chicks or fags’: A lack of inclusivity for those of diverse genders and sexualities, we discuss how motorsport was sometimes reported to be a somewhat unwelcome space for LGBTQ+ people. In the second theme, ‘I don’t necessarily publicise or promote it’: Safely navigating sexuality in motorsport, we show how participants navigated a set of complex contexts and were strategically selective in being out and open about their sexuality. Our research indicates that heterosexism, sexism, homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia in motorsport can result in a hostile environment for people of diverse genders and sexualities that has to be carefully negotiated by LGBTQ+ people. However, our participants were passionate about motorsport and reported pockets of inclusion as well as optimism about a more fully inclusive future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined three proximal motives for sexual aggression (sexual persistence after a turn down): sexual arousal, power, and relationship. The MTurk sample consisted of 264 adults: 92 Millennial men (35%), 51 Millennial women (19%), 82 Gen X men (31%) and 39 Gen X women (15%). The motive data, measured by the Sexual Aggression Motive Assessment (SAMA), were unanalyzed data extracted from the authors' previous study of the Millennial shift, a phenomenon in which Millennial women, as compared to older generation women, showed higher levels of sexual aggression, while Millennial men, in comparison to older generation men, demonstrated lower levels of sexual aggression. For all respondents combined, the most chosen motive category was sexual arousal (95%), followed by relationship (49%), and then by power (18%) with 50% choosing two or more motive categories. Providing conceptual support for the Millennial shift, significantly more Millennial women than Gen X women chose motives of sexual arousal and power as reasons for perpetrating sexual aggression. An important finding for the relationship motive is that substantial numbers of both men and women engaged in sexual aggression because they felt that having sex would make the person like them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into sexual consent among college students often focuses on gender and Greek community involvement differences. However, few studies have validated sexual consent measures used for such comparisons. The present study applied a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework to assess the psychometric properties and measurement invariances of two prevalent sexual consent measures across Greek membership and gender groups – the Sexual Consent-Related Behavior Intentions Scale and the Alcohol and Sexual Consent Scale. After establishing measurement invariance, the latent group means were tested between genders and Greek community status. The results with 501 college men (318 fraternity members and 183 non-fraternity members) and 1506 college women (1187 sorority women and 319 nonsorority women) suggested that both scales achieved scalar invariance, permitting confident usage for comparisons across Greek memberships and genders. The latent mean analyses revealed significant differences in intentions to negotiate sexual consent and beliefs regarding alcohol-involved sexual assault among the different groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the patriarchal and caste-based constructs in Tamil cinema and their influence on gender representation. Topics include the persistence of hegemonic masculinity in Tamil film heroes, the intersection of caste and gender in cinematic narratives, and the impact of Dravidian cultural politics and social reform movements on Tamil cinema.

Although studies have shown an increase in the representation of women in academic anesthesiology, it remains one of the medical specialties most dominated by men. While gender disparities have been identified in academic anesthesiology, literature on discrepancies in funding allocated by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is scarce. The objective of the present study was to explore these discrepancies from 2017 to 2020 and assess potential changes in funding trends over time. Publicly available funding data was retrospectively obtained from the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditure and Results (RePORTER) database for fiscal years 2017 to 2020. Information regarding each principal investigator (PI) was obtained from the Scopus database and institutional websites. For statistical comparison of continuous variables, Mann-Whitney U tests were performed. Simple linear regression analyses assessed the relationship between fiscal year and number of NIH grants awarded to PIs. Median NIH amount per grant [interquartile range (IQR)] was determined to be $359,038 ($233,947–$476,933) for PIs that were men, greater than that of $330,865 ($164,268–$458,785) for PIs that were women (p <.05). Similarly, men received a greater median NIH grant amount per PI, with a value of $348,751 ($222,043–$442,075), compared to women who received $268,634 ($161,159–$414,384) (p <.05). When stratified by terminal degree, significantly higher median grant amounts (p <.05) were awarded to MD and PhD holders who were men versus their women counterparts. Lastly, an increasing trend in obtaining NIH grants between 2017 and 2020 was observed for PIs that were men overall, including PIs holding MD/PhD degrees (p <.05). No such trend was observed for PIs who were women. This study demonstrates a significantly greater number of NIH grants and higher award values allocated to researchers who were men than researchers who were women in academic anesthesiology over the past four years. Moreover, an increase in the number of grants secured by PIs who were women from 2017–2020 was not observed. In the future, longitudinal trends in NIH funding for principal investigators (PIs) of both genders in anesthesiology should be investigated. KEY POINTS: Question: What are the trends in National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funding for principal investigators (PIs) of both genders in anesthesiology from 2017–2020? Findings: PIs that were women received a lower median NIH dollar amount (per grant and PI) than PIs that were men in total, as well as among MD holders and PhD holders. Meaning: Despite a growing representation of women in academic anesthesiology, gender disparities continue to exist in NIH research funding. GLOSSARY OF TERMS: NIH: National Institutes of Health RePORTER: Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditure and Results PI: Principal Investigator IQR: Interquartile range SD: Standard deviation FAER: Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes and tests the hypotheses that (i) a legacy of irrigation agriculture is associated with a greater prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV); and (ii) the presence of loamy soils strengthens this association. The proposed mechanisms are that irrigation agriculture has resulted in a tendency for women to be socially isolated and a cultural acceptance of IPV. We use individual survey data from India and an exogenous measure of historical irrigation. We find empirical support for our hypotheses and proposed mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the impact of COVID-stress and discrimination on mental health among a group of diverse college students using an intersectional framework. Participants: One thousand six hundred seventy-one undergraduate students (Mage = 20.42, SD = 2.74) were recruited from nine college campuses. Methods: Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing mental health symptoms, COVID-stress, and in-school discrimination. Hierarchical regressions and multi-group SEM path analysis were conducted to examine differences across intersectional identities. Results: Female-identifying students reported higher COVID-stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and lower resilience compared to males. COVID-stress and discrimination were highest among certain minoritized student groups. Using an intersectional framework, more COVID-stress and discrimination were associated with increased anxiety for almost all women of color. Unexpectedly, COVID-stress predicted anxiety symptoms for almost all male intersectional groups. Conclusions: Findings reaffirm the intersectional framework and highlight significant disparities in how students experience COVID-stress, discrimination, and mental health outcomes along dimensions of gender and race/ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sexual victimization experience is a health concern among college students and rape empathy may help address it. Empathy with a rape victim was examined based on sexual victimization experience, acknowledgment (i.e., labeling experience "sexual assault," "rape"), and gender. Method: Undergraduates (n = 531) completed measures of sexual victimization experience and rape empathy. Results: Acknowledged victims reported greater empathy than unacknowledged victims and nonvictims, but the latter two groups did not differ. Unacknowledged female victims reported greater empathy than unacknowledged male victims, but no gender difference emerged for acknowledged victims or nonvictims. Victimized men were less likely than victimized women to acknowledge their experience. Conclusions: The association found between acknowledgment and empathy may inform efforts to address sexual victimization (e.g., prevention, victim support), and men should not be overlooked. Unacknowledged victims and greater acknowledgment rates among women than men may have contributed to previously reported gender differences in rape empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condom sabotage is a form of sexual assault that violates bodily autonomy, increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI). The current study explored associations between reports of condom sabotage and sexual risk indicators among college students. College students (N = 466) completed a web-based cross-sectional survey. Students who reported experiencing condom sabotage were significantly more likely to describe themselves as single in comparison to students who described themselves as partnered (p =.002). After adjusting for relationship status, condom sabotage was significantly associated with reporting having multiple sexual partners (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.27; 95% CI, 2.22-42.28; p =.003), and being treated in the past 12 months for an STI (adjusted OR [aOR], 1,84; 95% CI, 1.82-21.98; p =. 004). The manuscript offers practical recommendations to develop health communication campaigns and public health interventions to prevent sexual assault, including condom sabotage, among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street vending is illegal in Dhaka city, and street vendors exercise various strategies to operate under these prohibitive regulations. In this study, we analyse how women and men vendors exercise different resistance strategies and how differences in spaces shape these strategies. Spaces also shape gender relations, which in turn influence the different forms of resistance used by street vendors. Drawing upon 32 in-depth interviews (16 women and 16 men) and 10 key informant interviews (all men) with street vendors in Dhaka city, we compare the resistance strategies in two vending locations: a long-established vending space and a newly established one. To capture the subtle forms of resistance that women tend to choose, we analyse both the overt and covert types of resistance. In the long-established vending area, the intersection between class and gender produces certain power relations and allows men to occupy a space and establish specific social and political linkages. Thereby, women are excluded not only from the space but also from information and opportunities. On the other hand, in the newly established public areas, men do not receive political support, and hence gender norms are more lenient and enable both women and men to adopt similar forms of resistance, making the vending area more vibrant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The British suffragettes are remembered for their dramatic and visually striking protests, such as their act of chaining themselves to public railings. However, this paper argues that the suffragettes' protests were embodied acts of citizenship that disrupted the existing political order and laid claim to full participation in the Edwardian polis. Drawing on Jacques Rancière's work, this paper argues that Edwardian women used their embodied protests to lay claim to political space and stage a scene of 'dissensus' and rewrite the political common sense and gendered norms of political participation at the time. Extrapolating on Judith Butler's performative theory of assembly and Rancière's performative theory of rights, this paper frames the suffragettes' protests as attempts to lay claim to political rights and citizen status through the enactment of these rights. In order to contest their gendered exclusion from the political realm, the suffragettes forcibly inserted themselves into masculinised political space through political techniques like heckling politicians, public speaking, and petitioning the king. Nonetheless, while the suffragettes actively laid claim to their own political rights, they also attempted to act for others, specifically other women who they saw as downtrodden, vulnerable, and oppressed. Although the suffragettes' attempts to act for other women demonstrated a degree of gender-based solidarity, it also illuminated the complicated class politics of the movement, and the tensions inherent in laying claim to rights on behalf of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The online gender differences in the perceived well-being of internet users are commonly associated with offline stereotypical views and their social role expectations. However, existing studies have rarely examined the chronic differences between gender groups in terms of the way they use the internet. Drawing upon the social role theory, the current study attempted to explain the differences in their perceived well-being through agentic and communal internet use. Through a national online survey (n = 1,013), the current study found that agentic (but not communal) internet use mediates the relationship between gender differences and perceived well-being. The results help build a baseline model for future studies investigating the gender differences in online perceived well-being. Male and female internet users' respective engagement in agentic vs. communal internet use may stimulate their perceived well-being to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the first attempt to examine the extent to which the Big Five personality traits and cognitive skills (Raven scores, numeracy, and literacy scores) are correlated with debt negotiation and debt management in a Global South country; and how social identity – in particular caste and gender – channels the effect of cognition on debt outcomes. Using a panel dataset built from an original household survey (called NEEMSIS) conducted in 2016–2017 and 2020–2021 in rural Tamil Nadu, India, and employing multivariate correlation probit analysis with lagged variables, we find the following. Firstly, conscientiousness is an advantage in the negotiation and management of debt, particularly for non-Dalit women, suggesting that, in a rural patriarchal context, women leverage personality traits to overcome the constraints of social identity. Secondly, emotional stability is a disadvantage in both debt negotiation and management. Thirdly, the role of cognition and in particular the Raven score is ambiguous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how smallholder tomato farmers in Mvomero District, Tanzania, utilize postharvest handling technologies (PHTs) and analyzes the factors influencing their adoption. We also assess the impact of PHTs on farmer income. Using a cross-sectional survey of 201 farmers, the study finds that a variety of PHTs are used, including lower-energy cool storage, Coolbot™ units, zero-energy cool chambers, and improved containers. Probit and ordinary least squares models reveal that factors such as farmer age, male gender, access to specific PHTs (Coolbot™, zero-energy chambers, improved containers), extension services, credit access, and shade use all significantly influence the adoption of PHTs. The study suggests that policymakers should design interventions considering different income levels. Strengthening extension services by increasing the number of workers and providing them with adequate resources is crucial to promote PHT adoption among tomato farmers, ultimately leading to increased income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Transportation barriers can affect travel needs and quality of life. Methods: This survey examined transportation, routine activities, and unmet travel needs among older Vietnamese immigrants, focusing on gender differences. Results: Women were more likely to ride with others, less likely to drive, had fewer types of routine activities, and went out for activities less than men. Over 1/4 of the sample had at least one unmet travel need in the previous month (the most common was for visiting family and friends). Discussion: Interventions to enhance mobility should address age- and gender-based transportation differences and assess for unmet travel needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging difficulties and tensions in establishing inclusive and multicultural societies in the contemporary globalised world have necessitated the generation of ample empirical evidence in support of the socioeconomic and health benefits of racial diversity. This study contributes to the scholarly and policy discourses by examining the effect of racial diversity on mental distress in post-apartheid South Africa after several decades of racial segregation. We used all five waves (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2017) of the National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS). After addressing the endogeneity problem in the racial diversity–mental distress nexus, our findings show that an increase in racial diversity is associated with a decrease in mental distress across the 52 districts of South Africa. This finding is consistently established when different quasi-experimental methods and alternative conceptualisations of racial diversity are employed to generate the results. We also found that racial diversity decreases mental distress more among females and urban residents. Further analyses revealed that interracial trust serves as a potential pathway through which racial diversity transmits to mental distress. We argue that people living in highly racially diverse neighbourhoods have the potential to experience a decrease in their mental distress through improved interracial trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparing police crime-rates to newspaper reports for a period of over six decades this reasearch first examined crime reporting in the media. Second, it confirmed what we know: location of crime news in the paper (front page, center), reports length, tone, choice of words, gender, race or class issues. Third, it suggests a new challenging insight. Rather than have periodic, discrete crimereports, waves or moral panics, the data indicate that the media maintains inflated, consistent and continuous levels of crime reporting, thereby keeping a relative high level of concern and fear thus normalizing and routinizing these concerns and fears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the concept of citizenship rent to help explain the apparently contradictory coexistence of liberalising economic reforms and the entrenchment of patriarchal values. Citizenship rent (CR) is defined as the financial flows that move from the state to the citizen in the form of entitlements, employment, and access to state-subsidised goods, labour and business opportunities. Our innovative proposal substitutes transaction cost economics' assumption of market selection for a selection by patriarchy to show how gender plays a central role in the reproduction of the asset specificities that increase transaction costs. This illustrates how an extractive, asset-based economy, like Kuwait's, can afford to double down on conservative social values, even at a considerable fiscal price, as long as the transaction costs of getting oil to the international markets are not increased through social disruption or political uncertainty. Rather than examining how women's social reproductive work subsidises social and political stability, CR reveals women's role in sustaining assets valuable to the state. This paper demonstrates that a close examination of the social values that inhibit transactions can also reveal patriarchal structures in rentier capital and exhibit a need to further analyse the patriarchal transaction costs that shape and sustain societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the viability struggles of young female traders in Harare, Zimbabwe. It makes a conceptual contribution to debates about viability, which captures how young people connect and pursue aims across diverse life domains (referred to as 'thinking and acting across'), by addressing gender and generational power dynamics. The article demonstrates how young female traders in Harare are thinking and acting across the domains of work and politics in a context of urban authoritarianism, by negotiating the challenging economic conditions and ruling party-aligned brokers that dominate the urban spaces in which they sell their wares. Based on over two years of qualitative research, which continued during the COVID-19 pandemic, the study shows how gendered expectations around young women's voice and presentation in public affairs shapes the agency of female second-hand clothes traders. The wider context of economic crisis, exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, deepened the precarity of the traders, requiring young women to defy lockdown measures. However, their agency with respect to challenging ('acting against') law enforcement and political brokers remained constrained. We argue that gendered power dynamics intersect with notions of youth in the Zimbabwean context and infuse authoritarian politics, creating attempts at viability shaped by risk calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While studies have explored the physical literacy of Chinese kindergarten teachers and its impact on young children's health, to date, none has provided a comprehensive analysis of Chinese kindergarten teachers' self-perceptions in relation to sport. This study explored the environmental stressors associated with participating in sport during the teenage years of 148 Chinese female pre-service kindergarten teachers majoring in early childhood education at a Chinese university through the analysis of their individual sports life history texts. The researchers found that there were multiple simultaneous pressures regarding girls' sport participation in China. First, there is the pain of student sports participation caused by the pull of multiple forces, and the inconsistency between government, school, family, and student demands for sports, which makes both sports and students a passive presence. Second, there is gender discrimination against women in the sports arena, which adds another burden for girls. Third, physical education teachers seem to have been unable to solve the physical and mental discomforts caused by perceptions of girls' limited ability, accidental injuries, anxiety and shyness in the sports process. The study revealed the profound impact of body culture and gender culture in Confucianism on adolescent girls' sports during puberty. The findings contribute to understanding and improving the pre-service physical education practices of female kindergarten teachers and female physical education practices during adolescence, as well as, in the long run, improving the quality of kindergarten children's physical activity in a context where females are the dominant occupational group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In exploring protest dynamics, Protest Event Analysis (PEA) has proven an indispensable analytic tool. Despite various improvements, PEA faces continuous challenges, notably the reproduction of media-specific selection biases. This research note aims to contribute to the literature seeking to mitigate these issues by exploring the potential of PEA based on local newspaper data, which tend to be less selective in their protest reporting. The article introduces an original local PEA dataset in Germany (2000–2020) and systematically compares it to existing national-level PEA data for Germany. The analysis shows that while both datasets pick up similar trends in terms of mobilisation waves, national level data focus on shorter periods of intense protest activity. Furthermore, issues of protest differ: material and social issues (including labour and environmental issues) are more prominent in local data, while cultural issues (including immigration and gender) are more prominent in national-level data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite gains in women's education, workforce participation, and leadership roles, a gender gap in political self-efficacy persists across European nations. Women consistently report lower confidence in their ability to participate in and understand politics compared to their male counterparts. This study posits that, although society inherently signals to boys their place in politics, a politically engaged mother can counteract this by providing her daughter with a positive role model and fostering her interest in politics, thereby bolstering the daughter's political self-efficacy. Drawing from survey data of 15–16-year-old Finnish students (n = 5220) from 2021, the findings reveal two critical insights: fathers tend to boost political self-efficacy more in sons than in daughters. In contrast, the political engagement of mothers has a stronger positive association with their daughters' confidence in politics. Moreover, parents' political involvement fosters political interest in their children, which then enhances the latter's sense of political self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The labor market integration of migrants, focusing on employment and job quality, differs notably across Southern and Continental-Northern European nations, often involving trade-offs. Nonetheless, little is known about whether these diverse migrant inclusion models in European labor markets extend to the combination of employment and overeducation. Additionally, the role of gender in this context remains unclear. While overeducation is more prevalent among immigrants compared to native, its prevalence varies across countries. To fill this gap, we analyzed data from the 2015–2019 European Labor Force Survey in 17 European countries, considering gender and migrant origin – Western vs. non-Western. Results show that non-Western migrants and migrant women face more challenges than Western migrants and male counterparts, respectively. Among males, a trade-off model predominates, with low employment penalties but high overeducation penalties in Mediterranean countries, and vice versa in Continental and some Nordic nations. For females, those in Southern Europe align with the Mediterranean trade-off model, while those in most Continental and Nordic countries experience a double penalty. In Liberal countries, male migrants tend toward the Mediterranean trade-off model, while female migrants align with the integration model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to examine the reflexivity of the audience for the film The Second Mother, focusing on the social and gender relations constituted, in Brazil, around paid female domestic work. The methodology of this study articulates both filmic and audience discourses. It is based in a reception analysis and considers some films as part of what might be called "the reflective dividend," a sector of leisure experience which enhances personal and social consciousness about society as an object, and politics as a means to achieve social change. The results of this audience study show the oppressions, either veiled or explicit, that are still practiced today by employers against domestic workers, and by men against women. This article can motivate scholars from different areas to deepen knowledge about the potential of leisure to provide learning, especially in the context of entertainment media. The article contributes more broadly to feminist media studies by examining how class and gender are problematized in a film about social relations and paid domestic work, highlighting the daily implications of this issue for power relations in unequal societies like Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the years of research scholars have undergone to discuss The Best Years of our Lives' men, this paper takes a new approach and looks at the film's women, their agency, and their sexuality. By understanding Millie (Myrna Loy), Peggy (Teresa Wright), Wilma (Cathy O'Donnell), and Marie (Virginia Mayo), their use of bedroom spaces, and the ways in which they remove military markers from, and apply civilian ones to, their men, I argue that these women make their respective partners into what they want them to be and resist the saint-like image of maternal postwar womanhood that has historically been attributed to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both Plato and Confucius were deeply concerned with moral cultivation and political leadership, topics that were inherently gendered in ancient patriarchal societies. I show that both thinkers focused their discussions on concepts that were associated with male aristocratic ideals of gentlemanliness. Yet while Confucian texts emphasize moral behavior and ritual to beautify the male body (shen 身), Plato focuses on the cultivation of a non-physical soul, which women also possess. Various theories have been proposed to explain this difference in their understandings of the self, but when we bear the gendered nature of their inquiry in mind, an important difference takes center stage: for Socrates, the male body is an object of sexual desire. This paper highlights the influence of homoerotic desire in Plato's unique approach to gentlemanliness, offering a new perspective for comparing these philosophers' views on gender, cultivation, and leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender is gaining more attention as a category of analysis in educational scholarship; however, much misunderstanding of gender remains, especially in how sex and gender are often treated as synonymous analytics. Additionally, gender and race are often treated as wholly separate despite their ongoing entwined epistemic and ontological genealogies. While critical studies of whiteness hold the potential to interrogate how gender itself is a violent imposition of white supremacy (Ozias & Nicolazzo, 2021; Spillers, 1987), the present study uncovers substantively different findings. Specifically, our content analysis of the past decade of CwS literature in higher education demonstrates what we identify as an investment in technologies of whiteness; a commitment that reinforces reductive, harmful, and inaccurate knowledge/power regimes of race/gender. In doing so, much of the CwS scholarship (including our own) undermines its intended goals by furthering, rather than dismantling, the effects of white cisheteropatriarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic effects of educational mismatch include its negative impact on economic growth, which is due to the inefficient allocation of resources it generates. The main causes of this phenomenon need to be determined to correctly implement policies to avoid such mismatches. This paper investigated the determinants of educational mismatch from a gender perspective by analysing its sectoral heterogeneity among the four key productive branches within the tourism sector. We employed a multinomial logit model using data from the 2018 Spanish Wage Structure Survey. The results highlight the higher probability of male overeducation in the hospitality industry and the predominance of female overeducation in the other services analysed. Likewise, there was a lower probability of male undereducation in the transport and other complementary services sectors. As a result of these findings, we propose various corrective measures to redirect specific training efforts for each of these groups, thus promoting gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon numerous recent studies of medieval religious women's textile production, this essay explores sewing practices among religious men. From Late Antiquity through the Central Middle Ages, monastic regulators, hagiographers, and homilists promoted stitching as a fitting activity for religious men and women alike, but ascribed different meanings to this work depending on the gender of practitioners. For religious men, sewing was a demonstration of humility, poverty, and simplicity which signalled their rejection of a lay masculinity that coded stitchery as feminine. More broadly, sewing-related metaphors, exempla and miracles evoked a monastic world in which the spiritual and domestic intermingled, so that needles and thread could be understood as both practical tools and symbols of virtue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with their human counterparts, police K-9s face dangers, including death, while in service. However, police K-9 research is significantly lacking, limiting possible preventive interventions. As such, we use data collected by the Officer Down Memorial Page from 2000–2023 on K-9 deaths (N = 407) to understand trends and correlates of these line-of-duty deaths, with an emphasis on heatstroke. Following gunfire, heatstroke is the second-leading cause of line-of-duty deaths for K-9s, with more than one in five deaths attributed to heatstroke. Being left unattended and mechanical failures overwhelmingly (70.6%) characterized these heatstroke deaths. Summer months were also significantly implicated in increasing the odds of line-of-duty heatstroke deaths. However, age, gender, breed, and climate region were not associated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three decades of international recommendations have highlighted the importance of advancing gender equality in achieving the aims of Education for Sustainability (EfS) at all levels of education. However, there has been a persistent disconnect between considerations of gender and sustainability in early childhood education (ECE). This article presents findings from a small-scale, mixed methods research project that sought to address this gap. The project explored educators' understandings of the relationship between gender equality and sustainability, using survey and interview methods, with early childhood educators in Victoria, Australia. Key findings indicate a disconnection between discourses of sustainability and gender equality obscures educators' perceptions of the ways that gender influences EfS in ECE. Equally, while the majority of participants had not previously considered their connection, they believed gender equality is important to, and pedagogically aligned with, their sustainability teaching objectives. The findings are used to propose a Continuum of Gender Equitable Early Childhood Education for Sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]