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Horse assisted psychotherapy is a type of treatment for mental ill-health in which the client forms a relationship with a horse. Research suggests that the relationship to a horse is very helpful to clients, but how the horse is experienced many years after the end of treatment has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate how former clients from horse assisted psychotherapy experienced the horse several years after treatment was completed. Former clients (n = 5; all females) from one and the same treatment center were interviewed and the data was analyzed with an inductive thematic approach. The analysis showed that many years after completion of treatment, the horses were still remembered as the most important individuals in the informants’ lives during the time of treatment. This was captured by the core category ‘A healing relationship’. These findings are in line with previous research that found that patients in horse assisted psychotherapy and their family members attributed improvements from treatment to the patients’ relationship to the horses, but adds that the clients also keep these views at follow-up several years after termination of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Using a groundwater flow model and long historical meteorological time series data, the evolution of the groundwater flow regime in a multi-layered groundwater flow basin in northern Belgium during the last one and a half centuries (since 1833) is reconstructed. Model output parameters such as piezometric levels, depth to water table, seepage fluxes in the valleys and calculated baseflow to the river system are presented and inter-annual and decadal variations are evaluated against seasonal fluctuations. The main time-varying boundary condition in the model is the aquifer recharge which was estimated using the method of Thornthwaite and Mather based on precipitation and temperature data. The model does not take into account changes in boundary conditions due to changes in land use (deforestation, drainage of cultivated land) or groundwater exploitation. Variations in model output parameters are therefore only due to climatological forcing. Only the natural non-exploited state of the aquifer is considered. Although few historical piezometric measurements are available to verify model output, the results give an indication of the natural hydrodynamic variations on a time scale of decades. Citation Van Camp, M., Coetsiers, M., Martens, K. & Walraevens, K. (2010) Effects of multi-annual climate variability on the hydrodynamic evolution (1833 to present) in a shallow aquifer system in northern Belgium. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(5), 763-779. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PARR J. B. (1993) Spatial cost curves and adjustment of the firm, Reg. Studies 27, 513–526. The spatial cost curve is examined for the case of an industrial firm that utilizes a dispersed raw-material input. The spatial components of this curve include the cost of assembling the raw material and the cost of delivering the finished good, and each level of output on this curve refers to the size and shape of the supply area drawn upon. A distinction is made between the average and marginal versions of the spatial cost curve and also between its long-run and short-run characteristics. The nature of equilibrium under conditions of free entry is examined, along with the manner in which each firm adjusts to a disturbance of this equilibrium. PARR J. B. (1993) Les courbes des coûts spatiales et l'ajustement de l'entreprise, Reg. Studies 27, 513–526. On étudie la courbe des coûts spatiale d'une entreprise industrielle qui utilise une matière première en tant qu'input et dont la source s'avère dispersée. Les éléments spatiaux de cette courbe comprennent le coût d'assembler la matière première et les frais de port du produit fini, et chaque niveau d'output que représente la courbe constitue les dimensions et la forme de l'aire d'approvisionnement à laquelle on fait appel. On distingue entre la courbe des coûts spatiale moyenne et marginale, et également on fait la distinction entre ses caractéristiques à long terme et à court terme. On examine l'essence de l'équilibre dans les conditions d'entrée libre conjointement avec la façon dont l'entreprise s'ajuste suite à une perturbation de cette équilibre. PARR J. B. (1993) Räumliche Kostenkurven und Anpassung der Firma, Reg. Studies 27, 513–526. Es wird die räumliche Kostenkurve im Falle einer Industriefirma untersucht, welche eine Zufuhr verstreuter Rohmaterialien nutzt. Die räumlichen Komponenten dieser Kurve schließen die Kosten des Zusammenbringens des Rohmaterials sowie die Kosten der Lieferung der Fertigprodukte ein, und jede Ertragsebene dieser Kurve bezieht sich auf Umfang und Form des Versorgungsgebiets. Es wird zwischen Durchschitts- und Grenzwerten der Kosten unterschieden, und auch zwischen langfristigen und kurzfristigen Merkmalen. Die Natur des Gleichgewichts unter Bedingungen des freien Eintritts wird untersucht, sowie die Art und Weise, in der die Firma sich einer Störung des Gleichgewichts anpasst. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]