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The flow of moisture through textile surfaces is a complex phenomenon as many factors influenceits transmission. The objective of this research work is to determine the effect of yarn and binding on their ability to prevent or promote moisture transmission within knitted structures. For this, we have developed a series of structures from cotton yarn and five types of polyester with different counts. The study of moisture transmission for the samples we have developed requires various tests to make a comprehensive study including air permeability, porosity, absorption rate, drying time, Fabric-vertical wicking, and moisture absorption. The results found by the absorption rate test showed that the pique jacquard absorbs better than the double face-one facejacquard. Based on the results of moisture management, air permeability and porosity, an optimum knitted structure is developed that corresponds to the good moisture transmission and the air permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effects of weft yarn (two plied, two plied cotton/PVA, siro core spun, and ring core-spun weft yarn) and fabric structure (plain, twill, and sateen construction) on air and water vapor permeability, vertical wicking height, and moisture management properties of the fabrics were analyzed in detail. The scope of the research was to obtain better performance by producing hollow and microporous structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, expectations from textile products have increased and the comfort features of clothes have gained more importance, especially for leisure and sports clothes. Therefore, the liquid moisture transmission of clothes is quite important, which has a significant effect on the body's ability to cool itself and the user's feeling cold after sweating. A new test instrument "3D-MMD" (3 Dimension Moisture Mapping Device), that measures the liquid moisture transmission feature of the fabrics in multidirection is introduced in this paper. The developed system includes two thermal cameras that allow measurement below and above of the sample. When the test liquid is dropped on the sample, the heat transfer occurs and due to the heat transfer during the transmission of moisture, the surface temperature of wetted and non-wetted parts of the fabric changes. This change is detected in the form of infrared data with the help of thermal cameras and converted into an electronic image. The wet area can be easily created by processing the images of the color visuals coming instantly from the thermal camera. The patent for this new method has been registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TR2020/21004). Meanwhile, the international patent application process continues (PCT/TR2021/051223). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to develop Pashmina blended woven fabrics to enhance their functional properties by chemical processing. The samples were prepared from Pashmina, wool and nylon fibers in five blends: T1 (60:0:40); T2 (45:15:40); T3 (30:30:40); T4 (15:45:40) and T5 (0:60:40). Each blend was subjected to spun yarns of three different linear densities 246, 164, and 123 dtex. These yarns were utilized as a filling thread to form 15 different fabric samples keeping warp linear density 168.6 dtex common among all samples. All fabric samples were gently treated with HCl to dissolve nylon fiber and keep only Pashmina and wool natural protein fibers. Different functional properties were tested, including moisture management potential, water vapor transmittance, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), porosity, and luster. Among all samples, the linear yarn density significantly affected the UPF of fabric samples. The yarn evenness increases by increasing the wool content with pashmina fiber and increases by decreasing the yarn decitex. The Lusture index of fabric increases by increasing the pashmina fibre content. The porosity of the fabric sample increases by increasing the wool fibre content and yarn fineness (dtext). The fabric made of 246 dtex in weft exhibited a maximum UPF of 40. The highest value of the overall moisture management coefficient (OMMC) was attained by sample T148. The fabric samples made of 246 dtex exhibited better functionalities than 164 and 123 dtex. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) increases by increasing the wool content and weft yarn fineness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Availability, simplicity of processing, biodegradability, sustainability, and compatibility with human skin in terms of moisture management and temperature regulation, cellulosic fibers are preferred for clothing. In this study four (04) different cellulosic yarns (cotton, bamboo, viscose, and tencel) and two weave designs (1/1 plain and 2/2 warp rib) were used to develop eight (08) woven fabrics with equal thread densities, and their volume porosity %, air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability index, and moisture management properties were compared. The results showed that tencel fabrics showed the highest water vapor permeability index and overall moisture management capability (OMMC) values, whereas cotton fabrics had the highest values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance. Furthermore, the 2/2 warp rib weave design showed higher values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance in comparison with 1/1 plain woven fabrics, while the water vapor permeability index and OMMC values were higher in 1/1 plain woven fabrics. Moreover, the statistical significance of both factors (cellulose material and weave design) on different results was also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to transport and evaporate moisture quickly and effectively is a very essential and expected property of a fabric chosen for the clothing purposes. The present study analyzed the moisture management properties of four different natural and manmade cellulosic fibers, its blends and by varying three different knitted structures using moisture management tester. The result reveals that the modal fiber wicks and spreads quickly and it requires an average 50% lesser time than other fiber samples. Among the three structures, single jersey fabrics showed excellent behavior of transportation of moisture through its surface. Single jersey modal fabric was rated as superior moisture management fabric, which can be recommended for the applications such as sportswear, where high moisture management properties with greater comfort are demanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the capacity to regulate moisture is one of the most crucial qualities of knitted fabrics. This study focuses on the interaction between core ratio, twist, and loop length on the moisture management capabilities of single jersey knitted textiles manufactured from 100% regenerated bamboo, 80:20 regenerated bamboo: polyester yarns, and 60:40 regenerated bamboo: polyester yarns. The Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the design parameters in this study. It was discovered that the moisture management qualities were improved by the increased polyester core content, high twist, and short loop length. Single jersey knitted fabrics made from 100% regenerated bamboo yarns swiftly wick away sweat and maintain moisture in their structure, resulting in a very fast wetting rate, spreading speed, and extremely large maximum wetted radius, as well as a very excellent AOTI value and very good OMMC ratings. Additionally, it can be suggested that single jersey knitted textiles consisting of core-spun yarns provide quick absorption and quick drying rates, meeting the needs of sportswear applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Musa Acuminata SAP has greater influence on moisture management property of the fabric. The fabric finished with Musa Acuminata SAP also shows higher level of comfort. An examination was made on the effect of Musa Acuminata SAP-finished fabric on moisture management properties of the cotton-finished fabric like wetting time, absorption time, spreading area, spreading speed, accumulative one-way transport index, and moisture management capability. The results prove that the fabric finished with the highest concentration of Musa Acuminata SAP at a moderate temperature with the least processing time has good performance in the moisture management behavior of the finished fabric when compared with the lower concentration of Musa Acuminata SAP with the highest temperature at the highest processing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, due to increased environmental awareness, the usage of sustainable, eco-friendly textile products has gained momentum. In this respect, the Soya bean protein fiber (SPF) based fabric structure is considered a potential product. Single Jersey and Single Pique knitted structures were developed by changing the yarn count and loop length using Soya bean fiber for next-to-skin applications. Multidimensional moisture management properties were measured using MTT tester to understand the influence of process parameters (fabric structure yarn count and loop length). Further to this, physical properties and wetness comfort properties of the SPF knitted fabrics were also studied. It was found that the OMMC properties of most of the SPF knitted samples were highly rated. The influence of knit structure, yarn count, and loop length on moisture properties was studied through ANOVA. Similarly, the correlation between the physical parameters and moisture properties was also investigated. The Single Pique structure with finer yarn count and higher loop length configuration showed higher moisture management properties. The fabric thickness was correlated with all the moisture management properties. However, the fabric tightness factor was correlated with all the moisture management properties except MWR and AOTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to develop knitted denim fabrics by using cotton and eri silk yarns. Three combinations of 3/1 twill knitted denim fabrics were developed. Two materials cotton yarn 30s and eri silk yarn 2/80s Nm with three types (100% cotton, 50% cotton/50% eri silk, 100% eri silk) of knitted denim fabrics were produced. Moisture management properties were tested for the developed samples.100% eri silk knitted denim fabric was found with the excellent accumulative one way transport index % and a very good overall moisture management capability better than that of 100% cotton and 50% cotton/50%eri silk knitted denim fabrics. The results indicated that the eri silk knitted denim fabric is more suitable for active wear and functional wear applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo, eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated interlock fabrics and the moisture management properties have been developed and analyzed. The effects of raw material combination and fabric structure on moisture management properties with plated interlock knit fabrics are examined. For this study, two types of plated interlock knit structures have been developed. The outer layer made up of bamboo/tencel yarns (14.8 tex), the middle layer micro denier polyester (125 denier) connected with more tuck points, the next to skin layer made up of eri silk yarns (14.3 tex). The result shows that plated interlock knit structure are highly influences the moisture management properties. When compare to eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and tencel combination Excellent moisture management properties were observed in eri silk/micro denier/tencel combination plated interlock knitted fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is the most abundant substance existing in the form of plants on the earth. These fibers are obtained either directly or indirectly from the seed, leaves, stem, or wood of plants. Cellulosic fibers are preferred for apparels owing to their abundance, ease of processing, biodegradation, and compatible with the human body in terms of better moisture management, thermal regulation, and tactile comfort. In this study, woven fabric made of four different cellulosic yarns, i.e. cotton, bamboo, tencel, and viscose were produced, and their thermo-physiological comfort properties were compared. The linear density of yarns, and thread density and weave structure (3/1 twill) of all the fabrics were kept constant on the weaving machine. Air permeability, thermal resistance, and moisture management tests were carried out to analyze their thermo-physiological comfort properties. The results showed that cotton fabric showed higher air permeability and thermal resistance as compared to other cellulosic fabrics. Whereas the moisture management properties of tencel fabric were superior to the rest of cellulosic fabrics. Moreover, the effect of cellulosic materials on air permeability and moisture management properties of the woven fabrics was found statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knitted fabrics made of natural, synthetic and regenerated fibres are presented to the final consumers at different fabric constructions. Reason to select different fibre types, fibre blends, and knitting constructions utilisation is to optimize consumer demands of comfort, functionality, fashion and price. Continuous fibre improving studies are one driving factor behind the fabric and clothing design possibilities. Collagen peptide added fibres are one recent fibre type in the regenerated cellulosic fibre family. Collagen peptide addition to the regenerated cellulosic fibre has been reported to improve fibre properties of moisture management, thermoregulation, anti-static, ultraviolet protection, biodegradable properties which make the fibre preferable material for active wear clothes. This study involves with the influence of new fibre type addition on moisture management, antimicrobial, and air permeability properties of the plated knitted fabric structures. Within this work; one plain knitted fabric is knitted using 100% collagen peptide added regenerated cellulosic yarn and polyamide yarn grounded six different plated knitted fabrics were studied. Moisture management transport (MMT) properties, antimicrobial properties (against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans) and air permeability properties of those knitted samples were evaluated comparatively. Gathered results are statistically evaluated using one-way Anova test; it was determined that there was a significant difference on MMT and air permeability properties of knitted samples at significance level of 0.05. Additionally, presence of collagen peptide added fibre exhibits considerable level of antimicrobial effect against included microorganisms. The results of the experimental work represent an initial phase towards a better understanding of the influence of different fibre blended yarn utilization on plated knitted fabrics which would be appropriate for active wear cloth manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study involves the preparation and characterization of antibacterial nanofibers made from nigella/PVA mixer along with silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were efficiently synthesized by reduction of AgNO3 while alcoholic extraction process was used to extract the medicinal constituents form nigella. Then the resulting solution was electrospun into nanofibers by electrospinning technique under optimum processing conditions. The developed nanofibrous mat was characterized by bacterial assay, moisture management tester (MMT), thermal analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and FTIR to evaluate its antibacterial, moisture, thermal, morphological, and bonding behavior. The agar diffusion method had been used to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria revealing the formation of inhibition zone with a value around 18.66 ± 2 mm. Besides, the developed nanomat showed enhanced moisture and thermal properties having average diameter of 223 ± 20.5 nm. In addition, the presence of characteristic peaks in FTIR spectra revealed all the desired components are present in the developed nanofibrous mat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the moisture management and wicking properties of eri knitted fabrics. In this study, two different knit structures, namely, single pique and honeycomb fabric, were developed with the combinations of two different tightness values of slack and tight by using 2/80s Nm and 2/140s Nm eri silk yarns. The developed fabrics were analyzed for vertical wicking, moisture management properties such as wetting time, spreading speed, absorption rate, maximum wetting radius, accumulative one-way transport index (AOTI), and overall moisture management capacity (OMMC). Variables such as yarn linear density, tightness, and knitting structure have a significant influence on the wicking and moisture management properties. The overall OMMC indices of eri silk knitted fabric lie in the 'very good' to 'excellent' category, indicating the suitability of eri silk yarn for skin fit as well as active wear applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comfort has been one of the most important features of clothing, particularly for sportswear, which requires an effective transport of heat and moisture from the inner to the outer side of clothing. We herein report the use of a simple technique of spray coating and commercially available water repellents for a one-sided hydrophobic and self-initiated one-way water transport cotton fabric. The highlight of this work is the simplicity of the process and choice of chemicals that can be adopted easily by any textile finishing industry. On this fabric, water was able to diffuse and penetrate the fabric structure in one direction from the hydrophobic to the hydrophilic side but was unable to go the opposite direction. The directional transport improved with smaller droplets and lower add-on achievable by higher air pressure and longer distance of spray coating. From moisture management tests, the best result was obtained with the spray coating of Phobol NB-NH at an air pressure of 3.0 kgf/cm2 and a distance of 120 cm. Phobol NB-NH gave better result of transport and overall comfort properties than Phobotex RSY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the moisture management properties of combination herbal extract treated cotton knitted fabrics were explored. The herbs namely wild turmeric (Curcuma aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) were used for the study. The pre-treated single jersey cotton knitted fabrics were given finishing treatment with 50%:50% combination herbal extract of wild turmeric and holy basil using pad-dry-cure method. The randomized response surface Box–Behnken design using quadratic model was used for the finishing treatment with process parameters such as combination herbal extract concentration of 1%, 2.5%, and 4%; crosslinking agent concentration of 3%, 5%, and 7%; curing temperature of 80°, 100°, and 120°. The analysis of variance results analysis using Design Expert software shows that the moisture management properties of the treated fabrics are influenced by the finishing process parameters. The study results revealed that the finishing treatment has altered the moisture management properties of the treated fabrics and resulted in excellent accumulative one way transport capability which increased their overall moisture management capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the liquid moisture management performance of knitted fabrics produced from vortex-spun yarns using different kinds of fibers and ratios. For this purpose, the vortex-spun yarns with 19.7 tex were obtained in different blend ratios in Murata Vortex Spinner by using different fibers. Then, these yarns were knitted in a circular knitting machine at two different stitch lengths and dyed considering fiber types. Moisture management properties of the produced fabrics were tested. The results revealed that moisture management properties of vortex knitted fabrics were much affected by fiber types in comparison with fabric tightness. Modal and nylon fibers have shown very positive results in terms of moisture management performance. The vortex-spun yarns having a low diameter, high shape values that are more rounded, and high density improved moisture management performance of the fabrics whereas the hairy yarns and higher fabric thickness reduced it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the development of multi-functional cotton knitted fabric by two-stage process. Cotton knitted fabric was finished with in situ generated nano zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) followed by electrospraying Arkophop FFR a non-fluorocarbon-based hydrophobic chemical. Electrospraying was carried out with different flow rates (0.01 and 0.02 mL/min) and durations (1– min) with the help of microprocessor controlled syringe pump. The fabric was analyzed for its antimicrobial, UV protective, and moisture management (MMT) properties. FTIR study confirmed the formation of hydrophobic chemical finish on one surface of cotton fabrics. Scanning electron microscope observation showed the presence of nano-ZnO and hydrophobic finish on the electrosprayed surface of the cotton fabric. One-way moisture transport rating of the treated fabric using MMT test was found to be very good for 0.01 mL/min flow rate of the hydrophobic chemical for duration of 3 min using an optimized voltage of 20 kV and the distance of 15 cm between the nozzle and the collector. In situ generated nano-ZnO positively influenced the MMT properties of the treated cotton fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body temperature control is one of the most interesting fields in the smart sportswear. Increasing the available hydrophilic sites on the fabric surface is one of the proposed methods for better thermal regulation. In this article, the cellulose fabric's moisture absorbance capacity was increased by introducing carboxylate groups on the cellulosic fabric using microwave radiation. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process conditions. Stoichiometric ratio, microwave power, and duration were taken as independent variables; moisture regain and softness were selected as dependent variables. Results show that modification with 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of the reactant to anhydroglucose unit using 1049 W power for 6 min is the optimum condition for obtaining cellulose fabric with highest hydrophilicity and softness. Water vapor permeability as well as static and dynamic contact angle show that the modified fabric is more hydrophilic and transfers vapor better than unmodified cellulose fabric. Also, tensile test shows that this treatment does not affect the mechanical properties of fabrics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used for fabric characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic textiles are recognized for their conductive characteristics in various fields of research including medicine, communications, power and for the development of protective clothing. Out of the several types of conductive textile available, multi-component yarns and fabrics, produced from continuous copper filament as spiral covering on hybrid cover yarns, have never been investigated for their thermal capabilities. In this study, characterization based on the thermal properties for conventional copper core yarn’s fabric and newly developed copper cover yarn’s fabrics was carried out. The results demonstrate better conductivity of copper cover yarn’s fabrics as compared to the copper core conventional fabrics, which is attributed to its better conduction due to greater percentage of copper and direct contact between the heat flux transducers. With the higher porosity values for the newly developed fabric, the liquid water, water vapour and air transport capabilities, which are key aspects of thermal comfort, significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clothing plays an important role in maintaining thermal equilibrium between a human body and the ambient environment by serving as a medium for heat, moisture vapour and liquid moisture transfer. The ability of fabric to maintain this equilibrium is related to thermo-physiological comfort. Plating is an innovative knitted fabric production technique to obtain bi-layered fabrics. An attempt has been made to engineer plated knit structures with such a combination of fibre cross section in the back (inner/next to skin) and the yarn type in the face (outer) layer, so that a rapid liquid transfer from back layer by wicking and quick liquid absorption and evaporation by the face layer can be achieved. Plated fabrics using the combination of triangular polyester fibre in the back and carded cotton yarn in the face layer showed the higher thermal resistance, higher absorbent capacity and would be warmer to the initial touch. However, the combination of combed cotton yarn with triangular polyester fibre resulted in fabrics with the higher air permeability, moisture vapour transmission rate and transplanar wicking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjective wear trials were conducted to evaluate effects of disposable antibacterial sweat pads on foot thermal comfort. Sweat pads were produced with polypropylene and polylactic acid nonwoven topsheet layers which were treated with different herbal antibacterial materials. Trials were carried out with 10 male subjects under 10 °C and 50% relative humidity simulating sweating during a moderate activity in cold environments. Besides microclimate temperature and relative humidity measurements, subjective thermal (coolness, dampness, and comfort) and other sensations (stickiness, slippiness, etc.) were obtained by five point rating scales. Bending rigidity, friction coefficients, and moisture management properties of the topsheet fabrics and pads were tested. Results show that foot sweat pads enabled drier microclimate, warmer sensations, and higher comfort evaluations. Antibacterial treatments did not affect bending rigidity values of the nonwoven topsheet fabrics, but some applications decreased spreading speed, increased roughness of the pad surfaces, and wetting time values which are not preferable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermo-physiological comfort and compression properties of knitted spacer fabrics have been evaluated by varying the different spacer fabric parameters. Air permeability and water vapor transmission of the fabrics were measured using the Textest FX-3300 air permeability tester and PERMETEST. Thermal behavior of fabrics was evaluated by (TCi) thermal conductivity analyzer and overall moisture management capacity was evaluated by moisture management tester. Spacer fabrics compression properties were also tested using KES-FB3. In the KES testing, the compression resilience, work of compression, linearity of compression, and other parameters were calculated from the pressure–thickness curves. Analysis of variance was performed using new statistical software named QC expert trylobite and Darwin in order to compare the influence of different fabric parameters on thermo-physiological and compression behavior of samples. This study established that the raw materials, type of spacer yarn, density, thickness, and tightness of surface layer have significant influence on both thermal conductivity and work of compression in spacer fabrics. The parameter which mainly influences the water vapor permeability of these fabrics is the property of raw material i.e. the wetting and wicking properties of fibers. The Pearson correlation between moisture capacity of the fabrics and water vapor permeability was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of bamboo viscose/tencel blend ratio on the moisture management properties of single jersey knitted fabrics has been studied. Moisture management properties, such as wetting time of top and bottom fabric surfaces, maximum moisture absorption rates of top and bottom surfaces, maximum wetted radii of top and bottom surfaces, spreading speeds of top and bottom surfaces, and cumulative one-way transport capacity and overall moisture management capacity have been considered and correlated to the blend ratio of bamboo viscose/tencel yarn single jersey knitted fabrics. It is observed that as the tencel content increases, the wetting time, absorption rate, spreading speed, overall moisture management capacity decreases but maximum wetted radius increases. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The physiological comfort determined by air permeability and moisture management properties of fabrics is influenced by various constructional parameters of the fabric which give woven fabric a porous structure. Evaporation of sweat during wear has the potential to cool the body besides restricting the additional weight of sweat being absorbed by the fabric. In this study, comfort characteristics of denim fabrics with different weft yarn of cotton, polyester and core spun Lycra have been discussed. Effect of enzyme washing and repeated laundering on air permeability, moisture management and drying rate has also been discussed. It was observed that air permeability and water vapour permeability of unwashed denim fabrics with cotton weft yarn are significantly higher than the fabric with polyester and Lycra cotton weft yarns. The wetting time is higher for cotton and Lycra cotton yarn fabrics. One-way transport index is highest for Lycra cotton weft fabrics and lowest for fabrics with polyester weft. Fabrics with polyester weft yarns show highest spreading rate, spreading radius and drying rate due to better wicking and hydrophobic nature of polyester fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Thermal comfort is one of the most important components of comfort which shows physiological, psychological, and physical harmony between human body and environment. The heat and moisture transfer capacity of fabric from skin to environment affects the thermal comfort of garments. The transfer capacity depends on the characteristic features of raw materials and fabric structural properties. In this study, it is aimed to determine the advantages of knitted fabric types, taking into account the environmental condition and activity level by measuring the thermal comfort properties such as air permeability, wicking, moisture management, thermal and water vapor resistances. Two knitted structures composed of tuck and float combinations and six raw materials were chosen for the fabrics produced. According to the measurement results, the polyester and cotton/Coolmax fabrics with float stitches have had good liquid moisture transport properties. Besides, high air permeability and low water vapor resistance have been obtained in viscose and Tencel LF fabrics with tuck stitches. On the basis of the results obtained in this investigation, and taking into consideration thermal behavior of human body, four women’s and five men’s T-shirts are designed. These T-shirt designs may be helpful for further approaches on the optimization of thermal comfort for sports activities in hot environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Garments made from cotton fabrics can readily absorb perspiration during strenuous activities but give poor performance in terms of wicking and evaporation of the perspiration, resulting in wet sticky feeling to the wearer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of design and method of creating wicking channels on the moisture management and air permeability of cotton fabrics. The fabric specimens were printed with hydrophobic fluorocarbon finish using four different print designs, each with two different types of printing squeegees. It was found that both the type of print design and squeegee type significantly affect most of the moisture management properties of the fabric. The study concluded that by selecting a suitable print design and squeegee type, moisture management capability of cotton fabrics can be significantly improved without sacrificing the fabric air permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Thermo-physiological comfort of clothing designed for next-to-skin applications is influenced by the clothing’s ability to manage heat and moisture transfer thereby maintaining dry skin microclimate. Plated knit structures designed and engineered with correct selection of fiber and yarn constituents in the distinct bottom (exposed to environment) and top (next to sin) layers can serve well for next-to-skin applications. In this study, plated fabrics with altering hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibers in top and bottom layers and different types of hydrophobic fibers in top layers have been compared for the moisture management properties. Results show that fabrics knitted with hydrophobic fibers (polypropylene, polyester) in top layers seem suitable for next-to-skin applications as they were classified as moisture management fabrics owing to high values of accumulative one-way transport index and bottom spreading speed. Though both fabrics can be recommended for next-to-skin applications, however, polypropylene on account of superior moisture management properties in the top layer would be more effective in providing dry feel next to skin and hence, seems to be a preferred choice over polyester for such applications. Fabric knitted with nylon in top layer was classified as water penetration fabric due to poor liquid transfer properties. Fabrics knitted with cotton in top layer irrespective of the hydrophobic fiber in bottom layer were poor in moisture management properties. Univariate analysis of variance with a confidence level of 95% showed the results to be statistically significant. Pearson correlation coefficient was obtained for all the moisture management indices by bivariate correlation procedure to determine strength and direction of association between the different moisture management indices. Most of the indices were found to be significantly correlated also, OWTC and OMMC were found to be positively and linearly related to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermo-physiological properties of fabrics intended for next to skin applications, apparel, and functional wear are related to the heat and moisture transmission properties. A gammet of fiber, yarn, and fabric variables affect the thermal and moisture management properties and hence contribute to the overall comfort and state of well-being of the wearer. In this study, the effect of loop length and filament fineness on the thermo-physiological properties of polyester-cotton single jersey plated fabrics has been reported. The thermo-physiological properties were correlated with structural parameters of knit structures such as fabric tightness factor, thickness, porosity, stitch density, and loop length. Fabrics knitted with longer loop length (slack constructions) showed higher thermal resistance and would be perceived warmer on initial skin contact owing to lower value of thermal absorptivity, were permeable to air and moisture vapor transmission, had higher water evaporation percentage however water absorbency and transplanar wicking was lower. Fabrics knitted with finer filaments showed higher value of thermal resistance, lower value of thermal absorptivity, and were less permeable to air and moisture vapor transmission. The water absorbency and transplanar wicking increased and water evaporation percentage decreased as the filament fineness increased. General linear model was used to obtain prediction models in the form of equations at varying levels of loop length and filament fineness. A high value of coefficient of determination between predicted and experimental values validated the model. Pearson correlation coefficient was deduced to establish pair-wise association among the different thermo-physiological properties. Air permeability was observed to be positively related to moisture vapor transmission rate and water evaporation percentage as suggested by high values of pearson correlation coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study reports an investigation of the effect of the blend-ratio of bamboo and cotton fibres on the moisture management properties of single jersey knitted fabrics composed of them. The moisture management properties of the fabrics were measured in SDL-ATLAS moisture management tester. The liquid transport properties of textiles, such as wetting time, maximum moisture absorption rate, maximum wetted radii, spreading speeds, cumulative one-way transport capacity and overall moisture management capacity (OMMC), have been considered and correlated to the blend ratio of bamboo/cotton yarn single jersey knitted fabrics. It was observed that as the bamboo content increased, the wetting time decreased, maximum wetted radius decreased, rate of absorption increased, spreading speed decreased and OMMC decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moisture transport responses to plain jersey fabrics produced from bamboo yarns were studied. The fabric responses included wetting times of top and bottom fabric surfaces, maximum moisture absorption rates of top and bottom surfaces, maximum wetted radii of top and bottom surfaces, spreading speeds of top and bottom surfaces, and cumulative one‐way transport capacity and overall moisture management capacity. The fabrics were produced from 100% bamboo yarns with 13 different fabric cover factors. The relationships between cover factors and moisture management properties were determined. It was observed that as the cover factor of the fabric increased, the wetting time increased, maximum wetted radius decreased, rate of absorption decreased, spreading speed decreased and overall moisture management capacity decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Gravimetric absorption test system (GATS) is used to measure the absorption capacity, absorption rate and drying rate of knit hoses, prepared from different fibres. The fibres studied are cotton, polyester and variety of modified polyesters. The study has shown that desorption or drying rate is at least two orders of magnitude lower than absorption rate. This finding implies that drying is the limiting process in moisture management. Further experiments on knit fabrics made from polyester and cotton, show that the drying rates are independent of fibre type in the constant-rate period, while the drying rates in the failing-rate period are dependent on fibre type. Subsequently, it is shown on the polyester fabric that drying rate in the falling-rate period depends on water concentration. Based on this understanding, an approach for enhancing drying rate in the falling-rate period is defined. The approach is demonstrated on knit hoses prepared from cotton and polyester yarns in alternating stripe form. The drying rate in the falling-rate period is found to be higher in the polyester-cotton stripe knit hose. A hypothesis for the observed enhancement in drying rate by wicking is put forth in terms of the internal movement of water from polyester to cotton portion. Experimentally, it is shown that 16% improvement in drying time is achieved in the case of the polyester-cotton stripe samples. Further, indications of internal water movement from polyester to cotton portion have been obtained by tracking the surface temperatures of the knit hoses during drying by infrared (IR) thermography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absorbency properties of knitted structures are very important in designing garments that both remove liquid sweat from the skin and provide tactile and sensorial comfort to the wearer. Water absorbency by knitted spacer structures was experimentally investigated using a gravimetric absorbency tester to record absorbency rate, total absorbency and time taken to saturate the structure. The geometry of spacer structures was analysed and a model created to define the capillary characteristic in the spacer yarn. Absorbency into the spacer structures was modelled using the fabric parameters, the capillary radius and the properties of water. Experimental and theoretical results were compared to validate the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]