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In this follow-up study of an earlier investigation (Marjoribanks, 1991), discriminant analysis was used to examine relationships between social categories, defined by ethnicity, gender, and social status, and measures of adolescents' family and school-learning environments and their school-related outcomes. There were 470 16-year-old Australian adolescents and their parents from Anglo-Australian, Greek, and Southern Italian families in the sample. The results of this study and of the earlier investigation suggest that differences in the profiles of students' learning environments and school outcomes are related particularly strongly to ethnicity, but that within ethnic groups there are significant gender and social-status variations in such profiles., Relationships between social categories, defined by ethnicity, gender, and social status, and measures of children's family-learning environments, cognitive performance, and attitudes toward school were examined in a previous study (Marjoribanks, [...]

The effect of gender, ethnicity, and homelessness on the locus of control orientations of 113 participants in a job training program in the United States was investigated. It was expected that homeless women of color (Black and Hispanic) would have the strongest perception that powerful others influenced their lives. The Black participants tended to believe more strongly in the influence of chance and powerful others than the White participants did., LOCUS OF CONTROL refers to the way a person perceives the relation between his or her own efforts and the outcome of an event. A person who has an external [...]

The relationship between the evaluation of ethnic identity and ethnic group preferences among Dutch and that among ethnic minority adolescents was examined. It was predicted that a more positive attitude toward one's own ethnic identity would be associated with a higher level of ingroup preference. This prediction was confirmed, and this led to the question of how inter-ethnic relations and a positive ethnic identity could be stimulated simultaneously. Not only the ingroup aspect of ethnic group relations was studied but also the outgroup aspect. As members of the high-status group, the Dutch subjects showed a higher level of ingroup preference, compared with ethnic minorities. Also, own-group identification and own-group-oriented patterns of preferences among the Dutch subjects were found to be accompanied by the rejection of minority groups. No such tendency was found among adolescents from ethnic minorities.

ABSTRACT. The authors examined appraisal, coping, and distress among Korean American, Filipino American, and Caucasian American Protestants. No interaction effects emerged among ethnic groups, but there were significant ethnic main [...]

ABSTRACT. Using figure drawings (E. Fallon & P. Rozin, 1985), 120 male and female U.S. college students--African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian--indicated their current and ideal figures, the figures that they [...]

We questioned whether group identification of Arabs in Israel and Lebanon tends to follow the more traditional pattern of religiously based communal entities or whether national loyalties have superseded the traditional pattern. The hypothesis of continued communal vitality was tested by the administration of a semantic differential containing 11 ethnic labels (Lebanese Moslem, Lebanese Shi'ite, Lebanese Druze, Lebanese Christian, Lebanese Maronite, Lebanese Jew, Israeli Moslem, Israeli Druze, Israeli Christian, Israeli Jew, Palestinian Arab) and the self concept (me-as-I-am), to be differentiated on 14 bipolar adjective scales. The subjects were 205 high school seniors in 10 Israeli and Lebanese schools that belonged to seven distinct and recognized communal groups. Factor analysis and multidimensional scaling showed that both dimensions, the communal (Moslem/Christian/Jewish) and the national (Israel/Lebanon), were clearly present, but that the communal dimension continues to dominate. The label of Palestinian Arab appeared to provide some integration to Moslem and Christian Israelis but was not given high priority by a sample of 22 Palestinian refugees. Druze subjects showed ambivalence toward surrounding groups but maintained strong self-identification.

Ethnic identity and its relation to personal self-esteem were examined by comparing 31 Chinese adolescents who immigrated to Canada and 31 Chinese adolescents who were Canadian born. The foreign-born adolescents were more likely to identify themselves as Chinese (rather than Chinese Canadian) and to include references to their ethnicity in response to an open-ended Who Am I Questionnaire, a variation of the Twenty Statements Test (M. H. Kuhn & T S. McPartland, 1954). For the foreign-born group only, aspects of collective self-esteem were positively related to personal self-esteem. The differences between the groups supported a contextual emphasis for associating collective self-esteem with personal self-esteem. The data were consistent with an interpretation involving collectivistic-individualistic distinctions, with the foreign-born sample being more collectivistic., Within social psychology, there is a long and growing interest in the concept of ethnicity, defined as membership in particular ethnic group categories. Phinney (1996) emphasized the need to 'identify [...]