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Background: Avian trichomoniasis is an important disease that causes bird mortality, both wild and captive, around the world. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antiparasitic activity of citral (3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadienal) and geraniol (trans-3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadien-1-ol) against Trichomonas gallinae trophozoites. Methods: In vitro assays were conducted at the Laboratory of Protozoology and Entomology (LAPEN) at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil in 2019 using tests with 106 parasites and citral and geraniol at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM and four controls: NC (culture medium and trophozoites), MTZ (trophozoites plus 100 μM of metronidazole), and TW (trophozoites plus vehicles used for solubilizing derivatives (0.01% Tween). Results: The citral (60 μM) and geraniol (50 μM) concentrations reduced the trophozoitesʼs viability by 100%. The molecular docking experiment demonstrated that citral and geraniol might inhibit a hydrogen enzyme for T. gallinae survival. Conclusion: The major compounds of lemongrass have potential antitrichomonal activity against T. gallinae in vitro.

Myiasis is the infestation of animals or man tissues by parasitic dipterous fly larvae. Wound myiasis is the result of fly egg deposition on decaying flesh or pus discharging wounds. This case report describes a type of wound myiasis caused by Calliphora spp. in a Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) from East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. A 3-yr-old female Flamingo was suffering in its left wing leading to an extensive discharging wound, which was heavily infested by maggots (fly larvae). The examination of external morphological characters of the second and third-instar larvae, posterior spiracles and internal cephalopharyngeal skeleton, led to the identification of the Calliphora spp. fly genus. Treatment consisted of removal of the larvae and surgical debridement, then spray of antibiotic and toxic drug. Following removal of larvae and treatment, the symptoms completely resolved within the last hour and remained asymptomatic several weeks later. This is the first report of wound myiasis in a Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) by the facultative myiasis agent Calliphora spp. in Iran and the world.

Myiasis is an animal or human pathogenic condition initiated by parasitic dipterous fly larvae feeding in the host’s necrotic or living tissue. Here we report a case of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Lucilia sericata in a 78-yr-old with a vascular tumor of the retina and surgery history, from Bijar City of Kurdistan Province, Iran in 2015. Associated symptoms included right eye pain with mucoid ocular discharge, headache, sensing the presence of a foreign body in the eye and itching. Examination revealed a L. sericata Larva in his right eye. Infestation of ocular tissue by fly larvae (ophthalmomyiasis) progresses after retinal surgery and can destroy orbital tissues within days, especially in patient with poor hygienic conditions. Treatment consists of removal of the larvae and surgical debridement. Following removal of larva, the symptoms completely resolved within a few hours and remained asymptomatic several weeks later.