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Introduction: We analyzed trends in the tracheal, bronchial, and lung (TBL) cancer disease burdens attributable to respiratory system-related risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Material and methods: Based on the results of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, we calculated and analyzed the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates and death rates of TBL cancer attributable to total and four individual risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate and death rate of TBL cancer only attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution increased globally, and in all Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintiles, except for high SDI quintiles. Among regions, the most significant increases in those attributable to smoking were seen in East Asia, while those attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution and secondhand smoke were observed in Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Among countries, the most significant increases in those attributable to smoking were observed in São Tomé and Príncipe (EAPC = 1.76) and Bulgaria (EAPC = 1.90), those attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution were observed in Equatorial Guinea, those attributable to secondhand smoke were found in Lesotho (EAPC = 2.01) and Lebanon (EAPC = 2.13), and those attributable to household air pollution from solid fuels were seen in Mozambique. Conclusions: The burden attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution is increasing, especially in regions such as Western Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia, and countries such as Equatorial Guinea and Bhutan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The aim of the study was to examine the burden of uterine fibroids at global, regional and national levels in terms of age and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Material and methods Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 dataset. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the incidence of uterine fibroids, and trends in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were examined. All measures examined were stratified by region, country, age and SDI to assess the effects of these variables on the incidence of uterine fibroids. Results The global age-standardized incidence rate of uterine fibroids increased from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24 to 0.27). In contrast, the global age-standardized DALY rate decreased from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of –0.27 (95% CI: –0.31 to –0.23). High and low-middle SDI regions experienced significantly higher age-standardized incidence rates. Moreover, in 2019, low and low-middle SDI regions had significantly higher age-standardized DALY rates due to uterine fibroids than other SDI regions. Regionally, Eastern Europe had the highest age-standardized incidence rate of uterine fibroids in 2019, and Tropical Latin America experienced the greatest increase in age-standardized incidence rates from 1990 to 2019. Nationally, Brazil (EAPC = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.35–1.57) and India (EAPC = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.94–1.25) experienced the most significant increases in age-standardized uterine fibroid incidence. Age-standardized DALY rates increased the most in Tropical Latin America, high-income North America and Oceania. Conclusions Globally, the age-standardized incidence of uterine fibroids has been increasing in recent years. In contrast, age-standardized DALY rates have exhibited a decreasing trend. Eastern Europe, Tropical Latin America, Brazil and India experience the greatest uterine fibroid burden. Globally, women aged 35–39 years and older have an increased risk of uterine fibroids, as reflected in the higher incidence rates among these age groups.