1. Phenolic composition and medicinal usage of Psidium guajava Linn.: Antifungal activity or inhibition of virulence?
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Débora Lima Sales, Antonio Judson Targino Machado, Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes, Aline Augusti Boligon, José Galberto Martins da Costa, Margareth Linde Athayde, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho, Antonia Thassya Lucas dos Santos, Djair S.L. Souza, Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga, and Joara Nályda Pereira Carneiro
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Virulence ,Inhibition of dimorphism ,Microbiology ,Candida tropicalis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Food science ,Candida albicans ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Fungistatic effect ,Psidium ,biology ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Tea ,Broth microdilution ,Tincture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Tincture (heraldry) ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Fungicide ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Psidium guajava is a Myrtaceae plant whose medicinal properties are recognized in several locations. The use of teas and tinctures prepared from their leaves has been used to combat infections caused by fungi of the genus Candida. In this study, aqueous extracts of leaves and hydroethanolic were tested to verify the antifungal potential and its chemical composition has been investigated. The microbiological assays were performed by broth microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and from these the minimum fungicidal concentration was performed (MFC) by subculturing on solid media. A cell viability curve was obtained for demonstration of inhibition of fungal growth of strains of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Tests to check morphological changes by the action of the extracts were performed in microcultive cameras depleted environment at concentrations of MIC/2, MIC and MIC×2. Extracts analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated flavonoids and phenolic acids. The extracts showed fungistatic effect and no fungicide with MIC >8192μg/mL, MFC above 8192μg/mL. The IC50 was calculated ranging from 1803.02 to 5623.41μg/mL. It has been found that the extracts affect the morphological transition capability, preventing the formation of pseudohyphae and hyphae. Teas and tinctures, therefore, have the potential antifungal, by direct contact, causing inhibition of fungal multiplication and its virulence factor, the cell dimorphism, preventing tissue invasion. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biochemical pathways and genes assets involved in these processes.
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