1. Zooming in on Transcription Preinitiation
- Author
-
Gupta, Kapil, Sari-Ak, Duygu, Haffke, Matthias, Trowitzsch, Simon, and Berger, Imre
- Subjects
Transcription, Genetic ,Preinitiation complex (PIC) ,Review ,TAFs, TBP-associated factors ,PIC, preinitiation complex ,CLMS, crosslinking mass spectrometry ,Structural Biology ,general transcription factor TFIID ,HFD, histone fold domain ,NIP, nuclear import particle ,TBP, TATA-box binding protein ,Humans ,multiprotein complex ,Multiprotein Complex ,cryo-EM, cryo-electron microscopy ,SAGA, Spt–Ada–Gcn5–Acetyl transferase ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,General Transcription Factor TFIID ,Molecular Biology ,transcription initiation ,Cell Nucleus ,preinitiation complex ,ITC, initially transcribing complex ,GTF, general transcription factors ,Brf2, TFIIB-related factor 2 ,CTD, C-terminal domain ,RNA pol II, RNA polymerase II ,RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) ,HAT, histone acetyltransferase ,Transcription Factor TFIID ,RNA polymerase II ,Co-Repressor Proteins ,Transcription Initiation ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Class II gene transcription commences with the assembly of the Preinitiation Complex (PIC) from a plethora of proteins and protein assemblies in the nucleus, including the General Transcription Factors (GTFs), RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II), co-activators, co-repressors, and more. TFIID, a megadalton-sized multiprotein complex comprising 20 subunits, is among the first GTFs to bind the core promoter. TFIID assists in nucleating PIC formation, completed by binding of further factors in a highly regulated stepwise fashion. Recent results indicate that TFIID itself is built from distinct preformed submodules, which reside in the nucleus but also in the cytosol of cells. Here, we highlight recent insights in transcription factor assembly and the regulation of transcription preinitiation., Graphical Abstract The Preinitiation Complex PICImage 1, Highlights • Architectural models of human and yeast PIC were proposed. • Mediator core–ITC complex structure reveals novel interactions. • TFIID submodule residing in the cytoplasm has been discovered. • Complex assembly emerges as key concept in transcription regulation.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF