1. Looking Beyond Diabetes: A Case of Worsening Hyperglycemia as a Manifestation of Ectopic Cushing’s Syndrome Secondary to an Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Producing Pheochromocytoma
- Author
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Kanwal Anwar, Konstantin Balonov, Danielle Detelich, Richard D. Siegel, Ipek Alpertugna, Michael Tarnoff, Jeffrey Vercollone, Ronald M. Lechan, and Arthur S. Tischler
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,S syndrome ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Adrenocorticotropic hormone ,medicine.disease ,Pheochromocytoma ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Adrenal - Clinical Research Studies ,Adrenal ,business ,AcademicSubjects/MED00250 - Abstract
A 76-year-old woman presented with worsening fasting hyperglycemia on routine blood sugar measurement, previously well-controlled on Metformin, requiring initiation of insulin. Her medical history included type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and aortic stenosis. Over the next few weeks, she developed bilateral upper and lower extremity proximal muscle weakness, episodes of confusion, rapid weight loss and increasing lower extremity edema. She did not have typical Cushingoid features of moon facies, easy bruising, centripetal obesity, abdominal striae, dorsocervical fat padding, or hyperpigmentation. Laboratory data revealed severe hypokalemia, elevated cortisol of 138 (3.7–19.4 ug/dL) and ACTH of 368 (6–50 pg/mL) consistent with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. She was hospitalized for emergent therapy with etomidate infusion, potassium supplementation, and started on spironolactone. 24-hour urinary analysis demonstrated elevated catecholamines and metanephrines: epinephrine 552 (2–16 mcg/g cr), norepinephrine 1881 (7-5 mcg/g cr), metanephrine 4095 (21–153 mcg/g cr), normetanephrine 3920 (108–524 mcg/g cr). CT abdomen showed 3.8 cm mass in the left adrenal gland with enhancing walls and central hypoattenuation and a normal contralateral adrenal gland. MR brain showed a partial empty sella without any mass. 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy showed uptake in the left adrenal mass. Once cortisol was reduced to Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma is rare. Worsening hyperglycemia in the presence of hypertension, even without typical clinical findings of Cushing’s, should prompt further hormonal work up. The absence of the transcription factor TPIT, which is a lineage determinant for pituitary corticotrophs, suggests that novel pathways are involved in differentiation of cells that produce ectopic ACTH.
- Published
- 2021
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