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For some algebraic number fields $F$ with only one fundamental unit, we give a lower bound of the extension degree of the ray class field of conductor a rational prime $p$ over the Hilbert class field of $F$.

In this paper, new five real quadratic fields with norm of fundamental unit $+1$ and class number one are obtained.

Let $p$ be an odd prime number. We show that the Iwasawa invariants of a certain non-abelian $p$-extension fields of $\mathbf{Q}$ vanish. And we construct non-abelian $p$-extensions over some imaginary quadratic fields satisfying Leopoldt's conjecture on the $p$-adic regulator.

Let k be an algebraic number field of finite degree over Q, the field of rationals, and K be an extension of finite degree over k. By the use of the class number of algebraic tori, we can introduce an arithmetical invariant E(K/k) for the extension K/k. When k = Q and K is quadratic over Q, the formula of Gauss on the genera of binary quadratic forms, i.e. the formula where = the class number of K in the narrow sense, the number of classes is a genus of the norm form of K/Q and tK = the number of distinct prime factors of the discriminant of K, may be considered as an equality between E(K/Q) and other arithmetical invariants of K.