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Purpose To evaluate the clinicopathological and imaging features of mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for breast cancer in Korean women under 40 years of age according to molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods We included 183 breast cancers in 176 consecutive women under 40 years old who had been diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2012 and November 2014. The patients' clinical and pathologic records were available as electronic medical records. A retrospective review of the pre-operative imaging studies was performed with 177 mammographies, 183 ultrasonographies, and 178 MRIs. Results Eighty-six percent (158/183) of lesions were symptomatic, with masses (147/183) as the most common presentation. Eighty percent (22/25) of the asymptomatic lesions were diagnosed via screening ultrasonography. The luminal A subtype was the most common (n = 79, 43%), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched subtype showed indistinct margins on mammography (p = 0.006), the triple negative subtype depicted a posterior enhancement on ultrasonography (p < 0.001) and rim enhancement on MRI (p < 0.001). Conclusion Breast cancers in Korean women under 40 years of age are commonly presented with a palpable mass, and luminal A is the most common molecular subtype. In our study, the imaging and pathologic characteristics of breast cancer in younger women were similar to those previously reported for older patients.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton with involvement of peripheral joints and non-articular structures (1). Indeed, it is best known for its symptom of lower back pain; however, patients often present with hip or groin pain misleading the clinician to think that the cause lies primarily in the hips. Hip involvement as a common problem in AS increases the burden and negative affects its prognosis of AS than any other axial joints (2). Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been recently identified as a major cause of early primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip (3). FAI refers to abnormal contact between the femoral head-neck junction or the acetabular rim (4). A number of predisposing conditions have been described with deformities of the femur and the acetabulum which result in FAI including Legg-Calve-Perthes, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, coxa magna, hip dysplasia, and fractures of the femoral neck (5). Though FAI has not been recognized as a common radiologic feature of AS, we noticed FAI like features in hips of AS patients and hypothesized that AS may be predisposed to FAI. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study about FAI patHip Morphometry of Femoroacetabular Impingement Pattern in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis 강직성척추염 환자에서 대퇴비구충돌증후군 고관절 모양에 관한 연구

Objective: We report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings on focal anterior displacement of the thoracic spinal cord in asymptomatic patients without a spinal cord herniation or intradural mass. Materials and Methods: We identified 12 patients (male:female = 6:6; mean age, 51.7; range, 15–83 years) between 2007 and 2011, with focal anterior displacement of the spinal cord and without evidence of an intradural mass or spinal cord herniation. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed the MRI findings in consensus. Results: An asymmetric spinal cord deformity with a focal dented appearance was seen on the posterior surface of the spinal cord in all patients, and it involved a length of 1 or 2 vertebral segments in the upper thoracic spine (thoracic vertebrae 1–6). Moreover, a focal widening of the posterior subarachnoid space was also observed in all cases. None of the patients had myelopathy symptoms, and they showed no focal T2-hyperintensity in the spinal cord with the exception of one patient. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow artifacts were seen in the posterior subarachnoid space of the affected spinal cord level. Computed tomography myelography revealed preserved CSF flow in the two available patients. Conclusion: Focal anterior spinal cord indentation can be found in the upper thoracic level of asymptomatic patients without a spinal cord herniation or intradural mass. Index terms: Thoracic spine; MRI; Spinal cord deformity