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In order to assess the immunity indicators of early premature children born in the period from 22 to 27 weeks the researchers conducted a dynamic examination of 24 newborns: 11 children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (Group 1) and 13 children without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (Group 2). They used flow cytometry to determine monocyte counts (CD14+CD64+, CD14+HLA-DR+, CD11b+CD14+). The authors determined the peculiarities of the immune status of children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. They found that the spectrum of monocyte-macrophage protection factors of the children with extremely low body weight was significantly reduced due to a decrease in cell adhesion and migration of the (CD14+CD64+) cells to the inflammation site, as well as the presentation of infectious pathogens – viruses or bacteria (CD14+HLA-DR+), which may be the reason for the development of bacterial complications and prolonged course of the inflammatory process, one of the main factors in the development of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The revealed features of the immune status in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy, which dictates the need for further studies.

Objective: to study long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes in deeply premature infants with neonatal complications Material and methods . The authors analyzed long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes during a three-year follow-up of 97 children born with a weight less than a 1000g in the department of catamnesis of premature children. Results. The authors found the following predictors of the development of chronic pathology in a premature children: extremely low body weight at birth, long-term (more than 30 days after birth) use of additional oxygen, intraventricular hemorrhages of 3—4 degree and periventricular leukomalacia, the formation of broncho-pulmonary dysplasia in combination with low rates of physical (less than 10 centiles) and psychomotor development by 12 months of corrected age. The most significant factors that have a protective effect on the brain include: breastfeeding, protective regimen, developmental techniques, minimization of post-neonatal infection, prevention of broncho-pulmonary dysplasia. Conclusion. The study of the health of deeply premature children during their first three and even more years of life is necessary to develop measures to improve antenatal, obstetric and neonatal care in order to increase survival and reduce disability among premature babies.

Introduction . The respiratory syncytial virus is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections in premature children. An effective way to prevent respiratory syncytial viral infection is passive immunization with palivizumab. However, its capabilities and results in children born with very low and extremely low body weight have not been sufficiently studied. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of passive immunization in the prevention of respiratory syncytial viral infection in children born with very low and extremely low body weight. Children characteristics and research methods . The authors studied the frequency and severity of respiratory diseases in 450 patients born with very low and extremely low body weight. 385 children (Group 1) received palivizumab, 65 children (Group 2) did not receive palivizumab. In both groups there was the same frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (68,8 and 69,0%, respectively) Results. There were no complications after palivizumab administration; 32 (8,3%) children had mild catarrhal phenomena without hyperthermia, 3 (0,8%) children had local skin reactions. During observation period up to 9±1 months the authors noted a lower incidence of respiratory diseases (p=0,0002) in Group 1 as compared with Group 2, including moderate forms of ARVI (p=0,0078); none of the children got sick due to the respiratory syncytial virus. In Group 2 the virus was detected in 3 out of 7 children with a severe respiratory infection. The immunized children were less likely to be hospitalized (p=0,0175), including in the intensive care unit and intensive care unit (p=0,0034) and to be prescribed antibiotic therapy (p=0,0045). There was the higher risk of recurrent diseases in both groups. The patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia with comorbid conditions were at higher risk of recurrent diseases in both groups. Conclusion. Children born with very low and extremely low body weight shall be given passive immunoprophylaxis against RSV infection.

Respiratory therapy is the main component of intensive care for premature newborns, it has a great influence on nursing outcomes.Characteristics of children and research methods. The authors carried put a retrospective analysis of the intensive care effectiveness in 44 infants with extremely low body mass at birth.Results. They found the cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and evaluated the treatment effectiveness depending on the weight and gestational age. The children with birth weight of 500–699 grams demonstrated low efficiency of intensive care and adverse course of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This group of premature infants was characterized by a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, low body mass dynamics, and, as a result, had a high mortality rate in the late neonatal period compared to the group of children born with a birth weight of more than 700 g (p Conclusion. Effective nursing of preterm infants with a birth weight less than 700g requires a combination of an individual approach to the auxiliary ventilation methods and a non-invasive ventilation regimen along with pharmacotherapy that stimulates the respiratory center of the newborn and promotes the maturation of surfactant to prevent complications of respiratory therapy.