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In the early 21st century, pneumonia remains an important medical and social problem. In Ukraine, within the structure of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary pathologies, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is at the forefront. According to contemporary views, the main and most common cause of CAP is bacterial pathogens. Meanwhile, the outcomes of numerous microbiological studies carried out in recent years strongly suggest that viruses definitely rank second in the etiology of CAP. Today, as the complex therapy of respiratory tract diseases proved to be successful, antiviral therapy is used, allowing to reduce the severity of the disease and to minimize the risk of complications. Goal – pharmacoeconomic analysis of additional antiviral pharmacotherapy of CAP with the use of vitaglutam based on mathematical modeling. The efficacy analysis of pharmacotherapy with the inclusion of vitaglutam was based on the retrospective data of 114 patients with viral-bacterial moderate-flow CAP. Patients were randomly assigned to two subgroups depending on the technology of empirical antimicrobial chemotherapy. In the 1st main subgroup (48 patients), antibiotic therapy was combined with the vitaglutam antiviral drug, whereas in the 2nd control group (66 patients) only antibacterial therapy was used. For each homogeneous group of patients, the application of a pharmacoeconomic model based on a «cost of disease» analysis was proposed, which is a basic method of pharmacoeconomic assessment and takes into account the efficiency of the conducted pharmacotherapy, expressed in the achievement of recovery using various technologies of pharmacotherapy in the presence and absence of a viral infection. Analysis of the results of clinical, and laboratory, and radiological studies showed that pharmacotherapy contributed to the positive results for both options. Meanwhile, time to achieve positive results in both groups of patients was significantly different. Pharmacoeconomic modeling, conducted for a group of 1000 simulated patients with CAP, revealed that in 27% of cases the strategy of non-inclusion of vitaglutam in pharmacotherapy scheme for patients with CAP will be dominant. However, for 73% of the simulated results, a maximum cost ratio of 16.97 was established, with an average value being 3.55. Thus, on average, the use of vitaglutam as additional antiviral pharmacotherapy is reasonable if the cost of additional antiviral pharmacotherapy is less than 3.5 times the cost per day of baseline therapy. Studies conducted in recent years have convincingly demonstrated the rationality of antiviral drugs inclusion in the pharmacotherapy scheme for patients with CAP.

In Ukraine, cervical cancer (CC) is the second most frequent cancer among women of reproductive age and causes more than two thousand deaths per year. The results of clinical and laboratory studies indicate the high prevalence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) of high carcinogenic risk in Ukraine, being the cause of the development of CC. The concept of pharmaceutical prevention is becoming more and more relevant today as it includes a set of measures aimed at preserving and promoting health, improving the quality of life, preventing the occurrence of pathological conditions and diseases; and if they occur - the progression and worsening of a patient's condition, relapse and transition to chronic form, as well as prevention of possible negative or undesirable consequences. The aim of the work – рharmacoeconomic research using mathematical modeling of prevention technologies of HPV-associated cervical pathologies based on vaccination and diagnostic screening among women of different ages. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of prevention technologies for women aged 18 years and more proposed a developed mathematical model, the overall idea of which reflected the current scientific understanding of the causes and development of CC. The detection of severe dysplasia is the primary purpose of diagnostic screening, and the establishment of diagnostic status in the presence of HPV infection is additional information that allows refining the diagnostic screening scheme. Minimization of total costs implies the simultaneous achievement of the maximum possible socio-economic effect from the introduction of complex technology for the prevention of HPV-associated pathologies of the cervix. It may be seen in the reduction of the total number of undiagnosed persons with severe dysplasia, which will be affected by both HPV vaccination and diagnostic screening. This justification is the basis for formalizing the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of complex technology for the prevention of HPV-associated cervical pathologies in the form of a cost-effectiveness factor. The proposed method of pharmacoeconomic assessment was put into practice using retrospective data of 145 women with a prevalence of young ones aged 22 to 36 years. On the basis of the received frequency, clinical and epidemiological data, it was possible to determine the coefficient of influence of the persistence of HPV on the development of severe forms of dysplasia, as an additional criterion for pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Analytical studies have shown that at constant costs for the diagnosis or vaccination of one person, the cost-effectiveness ratio of complex prevention technology is significantly dependent on the impact of HPV persistence. A case study was examined, in which the cost of diagnostic screening was 10 times lower than the cost of vaccination per person, the HPV vaccination efficiency was 90%, the vaccination coverage rate was 10%, and the non-vaccinated diagnostic screening rate was 80%. In this example, it was shown that the use of HPV persistence as additional weight in the calculation of diagnostic screening coverage allows for more pharmacologically sound prevention regimens due to the lower cost-effectiveness ratio, all else being equal. A method of pharmacoeconomic evaluation based on determining the utility of the costs of diagnostic screening and vaccination for HPV infection as a complex technology for the prevention of HPV-associated cervical pathologies is proposed. An additional criterion for pharmacoeconomic evaluation is the coefficient of the impact of HPV persistence on the development of severe dysplasia, which is equal to the ratio of the proportion of women with severe dysplasia to the proportion of women with HPV at the previous time. Analytical studies have shown that the use of HPV persistence as additional weight in the calculation of diagnostic screening coverage allows for more pharmacologically sound prevention regimens due to the lower cost-effectiveness ratio, all things being equal.

A couple of studies have shown that viruses cause from 25 to 60% of acute intestinal infections (AII) cases, among which rotaviruses play a leading role in the structure of children's AII of viral etiology. According to the WHO recommendations, vaccination against rotavirus infection should be included into national immunization programs. Due to a wide diversity of circulating rotavirus genotypes, the issue of RVI vaccine efficiency, taking into account the dynamics of the molecular-genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens over time, remains relevant. The aim of the work – мodeling the dynamics of the molecular genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens and bioinformation analysis of f rotavirus vaccine efficiency. The object of the analysis was the results of molecular and epidemiological studies of RVI in Kyiv, conducted from 2007 to 2015. The dynamics of the genotypic spectrum was modeled using a Markov model, which involved replacing shares of the molecular genetic spectrum of rotaviruses with others ones according to homology with the vaccine strain: homology in both G and P genotypes, homology in G genotype or P genotype, no homology in both G and P genotypes. The method of rotavirus vaccine efficiency evaluation is based on data from clinical observations of vaccine efficiency, where different degrees of its efficiency against severe gastroenteritis caused by rotaviruses with different genotypes were shown. The shares of each genotype group in the general circulation of genotypes were taken as weights of the degree of homology relative to the vaccine strain, and the effectiveness of the vaccine against the strains of a specific homology group was obtained from clinical observations. The results of the analysis based on the constructed distribution curves of the molecular genetic spectrum of rotaviruses due to rotavirus vaccine strain homology in Kiev showed that, despite the observed dynamics of the molecular genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens, the expected genotype-specific efficiency of rotavirus vaccine would be constant with a value of 0.835 or 83.5% against rotavirus gastroenteritis with a Vesikari severity of > 11 points. It was proposed mathematical model for prediction of molecular genetic spectrum of rotaviruses dynamics, taking into account the homology of the genotypes of RVI pathogens with respect to the vaccine strain. According to the literature data of molecular and epidemiological studies of rotaviruses in Kyiv, the parameters of the proposed mathematical model and the dynamics of the molecular genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens were determined. Using mathematical modeling, the expected genotype-specific efficiency of the rotavirus vaccine was determined based on Kyiv regional retrospective molecular and epidemiological data.

The introduction of various technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections into practice requires well-founded evidence of their effectiveness, which can be obtained using pharmacoeconomic methods and models that determine not only the effectiveness and feasibility of introducing preventive technologies, but also the socio-economic associated consequences. In this context, the development of a unified model for the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of medical technologies at all stages of the prevention of chronic viral infections is key to implementing optimal strategies for combating them for both individual groups and the entire population, developing recommendations for the rational use of diagnostic tests and viral vaccines, and determining the optimal level of pharmaceutical care for patients. The aim of the work – development of a conceptual model of pharmacoeconomic analysis of technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections is possible on the basis of an analytical platform that determines the relationship between the target population to be prevented, and the effectiveness of intermediate and final results. The pharmacoeconomic analysis of technologies for the prevention of socially significant chronic viral infections was proposed to be carried out according to the developed algorithm. Implementation of the proposed algorithm for pharmacoeconomic analysis of various technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections was based on developed unified model of the spread of viral infection in the population, where individuals can be assigned to different clinical and epidemiological classes. This model was a combination of epidemiological and clinical prognostic approaches and can be used to predict and conduct pharmacoeconomic assessment of viral infection prevention technologies with a general decrease in the number of people in a particular epidemiological class when applying medical technology for a certain period of time. The presented concept allows to formulate the principles of pharmacoeconomic evaluation of technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections. It was advisable to use the concept of quality of life in assessing the usefulness of the technologies under study, which allows to formalize the cost-utility coefficient, minimization of which determines pharmacoeconomic reasonable strategies for the prevention of chronic viral infections. The developed concept is promising, and information technologies based on it can become a reliable source of information to support decision-making by health experts in the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections.

According to modern view, bacterial pathogens are the leading and most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), but at the same time the results of numerous microbiological studies conducted in recent years showed that viruses confidently play the next leading role of CAP causes. Today, antiviral therapy is successfully used within the complex therapy of respiratory diseases, which allows reduction of the disease severity and minimizes the risk of complications. The main requirements for the antiviral drug are fully responsive to the new antiviral drug vitaglutam, the active component of which is pentanedioic acid imidazolyl ethanamide, is a low molecular weight compound, an analogue of the natural peptidoamine. The aim of the work. Mathematical modeling and analysis of clinical and laboratory indicators dynamics of CAP with additional antiviral pharmacotherapy based on pentanedioic acid imidazolyl ethanamide. In the study, it was used retrospective data of 106 patients with mild form of CAP of viral and bacterial etiology. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the 1st main group (50 patients), antibacterial therapy was combined with the antiviral drug vitaglutam. Analysis of antiviral therapy efficiency was provided by grouping of patients and determination of their distribution by gradations of clinical and laboratory indicators, as well as the construction of a mathematical model of their dynamics. According to modeling results, the rate of body temperature normalization, which was higher in patients taking vitaglutam, was a clear criterion for the efficiency of antiviral therapy. With additional antiviral therapy, the dynamics of sputum in the lungs was less intense. Positive clinical changes were accompanied by an improvement in the clinical blood analysis indicators, namely, more significant was the dynamics of ESR decrease. At the same time, dynamics of leukocytes number in patients’ blood was approximately the same in both groups. Analysis of dynamics of clinical and laboratory indicators using the proposed mathematical model suggests that additional prescription of vitaglutam to empirical stepwise antibiotic therapy can significantly reduce the time to achieve clinical and laboratory results of treatment of patients with CAP of viral and bacterial etiology.