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The article presents an insight into Peking's social reform and group psychology. "Brainwashing"--a word which has become surrounded with an aura of fear and mystery, leaving in its wake a loose body of comment, polemic and tongue-in-cheek humor. Even a brief examination of this basic ingredient of Chinese Communism reveals much about the nature of the regime, something about Chinese culture and perhaps a bit about human beings in general. Although Chinese Communist theorists rarely refer to details of manipulative techniques, they do put forth an elaborate rationale, which is forcefully presented to every participant during a preliminary stage in his personal "reform."