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The transmission loss (TL) of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials consisting of small mass and rubber membrane was studied. By establishing a mass-spring equivalent model of metamaterial structural unit, which regards rubber membrane as having the dual role of damping force and spring force, we demonstrated that effective mass density of this membrane-type acoustic metamaterial was negative in the band gap range by theoretical analysis. Based on the theory of plane wave propagation, we studied the sound insulation of this membrane-type acoustic metamaterial. The result showed that membrane-type metamaterial was based on the principle of dipole resonance, which made the membrane-type acoustic metamaterial appear high reflection and low transmission phenomenon so as to achieve the aim of reducing noise. By optimal design, the sound attenuation frequency range of this membrane-type acoustic metamaterial was reduced to 20Hz-100Hz, greatly enhancing the ability of this metamaterial in terms of low-frequency sound insulation. We obtained the distribution of sound intensity at the optimum transmission frequency and the best reflection frequency by coupled acoustic-structural analysis. The best sound insulation frequency was matched with the second order and the third order eigenfrequency of this membrane-type acoustic metamaterial unit, and the strain energy was concentrated at the joint of small mass and the membrane. The total sound insulation of acoustic metamaterial plate was better than the single metamaterial unit.

The coupled systems of fatigue crack initiation problem undergoing large range damage is defined. The zero different work principle, coupled potential energy principle, coupled complementary energy principle in the coupled system is established. By using of coupled potential energy principle, Closed form solution about predicting fatigue crack initiation life of three-dimensional component which leads to large range damage is derived. Compared with reference [1], the close form solution derived from this some. It is proved that the method is correct. The method adopted in this paper is definite in mechanical concept,it can be widely used in analysis of predicting fatigue crack initiation life of various component which leads to large range damage.

This paper focuses on the study of a series of photoinitiators (PIs) present in a set of two paper and board samples which have different composition, grammage and thickness. The chemical compounds released by the paper packaging can contaminate food and may affect the safety and health of consumers.To evaluate if the paper and board could be used as food packaging material, partition coefficients (Kpaper/air) between paper and air of six kinds of PIs in white carton board and kraft paper were determined. The results indicated that Values of Kpaper/air from 1 to 4843 were obtained at different temperatures. Kpaper/air decreases with temperature increasing, and the value is proportional to grammage and thickness of the paper samples. The lower of the grammage and the thickness,the lower of Kpaper/air value will be. The Kpaper/air value of 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB) is the lowest, and the Kpaper/air value of 4-methylbenzophenone (MBP) is the highest.It shows that the Kpaper/air value depends on the boiling point of the chemical compounds, the chemical properties and the type of the paper sample.

This paper investigates the application of systematic cluster, one of the cluster analysis methods, in the IED switch online condition monitoring. So far, problems still exsit in the IED switch online condition monitoring based on the control system of smart substation. In order to figure out a relatively stable online model and make classification from the online information of IED switch, this paper firstly fliters and preprocesses the online condition information of IED switch, and uses data matrix to describe the online condition of IED switch. Based on this, the paper inroduces a special dissimilarity degree formula to transfer the data matrix into dissimilarity degree matrix, and conducts analysis with clustering pedigree chart out of systematic cluster algorithm. Finally, the paper verifies the feasibility of systematic cluster in the IED switch online condition monitoring.

Three aryl and three naphthylmethylene derivatives containing thiadiazole ring have been synthesized. The structures of target compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral (FT-IR, 1H NMR, and MS). The optical properties were detected using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of 1a, 2a and 3a substituted by naphthylmethylene are primarily characterized by a peak around 284 nm originating from naphthalene, which is different from that of compounds 1b, 2b and 3b. Compared to 1a and 2a (separated by a saturable atomic cluster −CH2−), the maximum absorption wavelength of 1b and 2b takes on obvious red-shifted, which is from thiadiazole and benzene with more large conjugated system. The fluorescence intensity of 2-(4-aminobenzoyl) amide-5-naphthylmethylene-1,3,4-thiadiazole (3a) was significantly higher than that of 5-(4-aminobenzoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (3b) due to the presence of naphthalene.

Asymmetric 2-p-nitrophenyl-5-naphthylmethylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole and 2-p-aminophenyl-5-naphthylmethylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized and characterized by IR、1HNMR and MS analysis, and their optical properties were detected using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The existence of electron-withdrawing oxadiazole units causes a significant bathochromic shift of the UV absorption maximum. The largest UV-absorption peak of target compounds is in the range of 298-317 nm, and a new emission band at 402 nm is formed. The fluorescence intensity is gradually enhanced, which strengthens the intramolecular charge transfer effect between the electron-withdrawing oxadiazole and electron-donating aniline.

This article discussed the basic theory and routes for preparing soda-lime-silicate glass by filter mud in beet sugar refinery. The proportion of raw materials and processing conditions were optimized.The research shows that amber glass and green-white glass prepared can meet national standards and the technology was reliable, easy, high benefit both on economical and social effects and without secondary waste .

This article analyzes the general characteristics and its causes of the landscape pattern of land use, taking the Tuanjie town of DaoWai district in Harbin as an example. Using GIS and Fragstats software to calculate a series of landscape index, the data show that Tuanjie town is given priority to with agriculture landscape, and the landscape patch connectivity is stronger; the overall landscape patch shape is complex, showing the human activities interfere significantly; and each patch type concentration and fragmentation is quite different. Therefore, based on the use of their own advantages, put forward reasonable suggestions to the landscape optimization of Tuanjie town land use.

A novel fusion algorithm based on Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) is proposed, according to the characteristics of infrared and visible images. Firstly, the registered infrared and visible images from the same scene were transformed by NSCT transforms; then the low frequency coefficient is fused by the combination of local energy and normalised correlation matrix, the high frequency coefficient fusion is fused by regional energy matching with regional variance; finally, the target image is obtained by performing inverse NSCT transforms. experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively get more detail information and the fusion performance is dramatically better than traditional fusion methods.

The numerical simulation of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) with variable back pressure was researched by applying the commercial Deform-3D software, in which choosing the hard deformation materials of 7075 aluminum alloy, and comparing the traditional ECAE without back pressure process. The influence of back pressure on the mean stress and the effective strain rate in the shear deformation zone was studied. The results show that the extrusion force transformation laws were different in both load ways, with the increase of back pressure, extrusion force enhances increasingly, but the final load-time curves tended towards stability, but in ECAE without back pressure, the final load-time curves tended towards decreasing; thus the whole deformation process can be divided into different stages. In addition, the larger the absolute value of the hydrostatic stress at the corner, the more beneficial to refine grain and improve the plasticity. The back pressure makes the distribution of effective strain rate in plastic deformation area more uniform and improves the uniformity of deformation.

5A zeolite supported Gold-Palladium (Au-Pd) bimetallic were prepared and used in vapor phase oxidation of ethylene to synthetize vinyl acetate (VA). The chemical composition of Au-Pd/5A zeolite catalyst was analyzed by a combination of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The structure of Au-Pd/5A zeolite catalyst was characterized by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The catalytic activity of the Au-Pd/5A zeolite catalyst under laboratory conditions were investigated in vinyl acetate synthesis by a kind of the fixed bed reaction device. The AAS testing showed that Au and Pd supported rate were increased up to the optimum value 91.22% and 93.91% respectively at the ratio of Au/Pd=0.87. The SEM analysis results indicated that Au-Pd alloy particles of 5A zeolite catalyst can grown up and reunited obviously through before and after reaction. The XRD analysis results showed that diffraction peak of Pd (111), Pd (200), Au (111) and Au (200) became sharp gradually with the extension of reaction time, crystalline phase composition and grain size of catalyst became bigger gradually. The results about catalytic activity of the Au-Pd/5A zeolite catalyst shown that with the increasing of the Au/Pd ratio, the space-time yield and selectivity have a best value respectively; when the ratio of Au/Pd=0.87, the space-time yield were 702g/(Lh) and the selectivity were 92.8% at the ratio of Au/Pd =1.13.

For the study of the applications of partial network coding based real-time multicast protocol (PNCRM) in Mobile Ad hoc networks, the researches should be developed in the probability distribution of delay. In this paper, NS2 is used to obtain the delay of data packets through simulations. Because the delay does not obey the strict normal distribution, the maximum likelihood estimate method based on the lognormal distribution is used to process the data. Using MATLAB to obtain the actual distribution of the natural logarithm of delay, then drawing the delay distribution with the maximum likelihood estimation method based on the lognormal distribution, the conclusion that the distributions obtained by the above mentioned methods are basically consistent can be obtained. So the delay distribution of PNCRM meets the lognormal distribution and the characteristic of delay probability distribution can be estimated.

The two-dimensional finite element model for subgrade consolidation settlement analysis within soft soil pile is developed using ABAQUS. The numerical simulation on a highway subgrade deformation is performed to study the variation of consolidation settlement and the excess pore water pressure distribution in the central location and the part under centerline of the embankment. The results show that settlement develops gradually with the increasing period of soil consolidation. The excess pore water pressure of deep subgrade soils under embankment centerline rise due to the increased load. After each soil layer was filled, the excess pore water pressure increased in the first and was stable later along with the increase of soil depth. After the embankment soil was filled completely, excess pore pressure dissipated with time developing until the completion of consolidation.

The I2P network has been widely used to protect user privacy via an open network of onion routers run by volunteers. To the best of our knowledge, the behavior of peers in the I2P network has not been well investigated in the existing researches. In this paper, we first present a simple and effective way to collect peers in the I2P network. Each day over 82% peers has been collected compared to the statistics from the statistics web site. With the data collected, we perform an empirical evaluation, revealing the phenomenon about IP address aliasing and identity aliasing. As identity aliasing makes bad impact on the availability and anonymity of the I2P network, we introduce family concept into the I2P network to mitigate the impact.

The ordinary screw designed in traditional method will increase the power consumption and decrease the juice yield in the process of squeeze. Presented the system design of juice extractor firstly, then used the UG software and dimension driving technology to construct the 3d model entity of the screw with variable pitches and diameters, followed by systems three-dimensional model. Finished the static analysis of the screw blade by ANSYS, completing a follow-up study of parameterized modeling.

The three-dimensional finite element model for pile group foundation settlement analysis within soft soil pile is developed using ABAQUS. The Cap plasticity model and the elastic model are used to model the soil and the pile respectively. The contact interface elements are installed between the pile and the soil interface. The undrained loading conditions and drainage loading conditions in the soft soil piled raft foundation settlement are analyzed respectively and computation results are compared. The results show that pile group foundation in soft soil settlements increase with load increasing in both the undrained conditions and drainage conditions. The bearing capacity of the pile group under the undrained conditions is larger than that under drained conditions with the same pile group. The pile group settlement under the undrained conditions is smaller than that under drained conditions.

The finite element analysis is performed on the excess pore pressure dissipation for pressed pile installation using the ABAQUS finite element software. The modified Cam-Clay model is used to model the soil behavior. The finite slide contact model is used to model the pressed pile installation process. Based on the geology stratum of soils and drainage conditions, the excess pore pressure dissipation process is analyzed using the proposed method. The initial excess pore pressure distribution along the pile depth and the pile radius direction is obtained. The excess pore pressure dissipation after 98 days is analyzed.

This paper reported a validation of computational software system for creep damage analysis using circular notched bar. The complete computational software system for creep damage analysis consists of pre-and post-processing and the numerical solver and here the validation is primarily for the pre-and post-processing section developed by the authors. The creep damage evolution with time was post-processed interactively via FEMSYS.

Against the defects that the favoritism method and average method in the multi-sensor image fusion are apt to impair the image contrast, an image fusion algorithm based on NSCT is proposed. Firstly, this algorithm applied NSCT to the rectified multi-sensor images from the same scene, then different fusion strategies were adopted to fuse the low-frequency and high-frequency directional sub-band coefficients respectively: regional energy adaptive weighted method was used for low-frequency sub-band coefficient; the directional sub-band coefficient adopted a regional-energy-matching program that combined weighted average method and selection method. Finally, the fusion image was obtained by NSCT inverse transformation. Experiments were conducted to IR and visible light image and multi-focus image respectively. And the fusion image was evaluated objectively. The experimental results show that the fusion image obtained through this algorithm has better subjective visual effects and objective quantitative indicators. It is also superior to the traditional fusion method.

The preliminary validation of in-house finite element analysis software for creep damage mechanics is reported. The Finite Element Analysis Method and the programme strcuture for creep damage problem were reported elsewhere and the validation conducted so far include plane stress, plane strain, and axisymmetric cases. Furture work is also outlined.

By comparing several typical multi-objective decision-making methods, an ideal objective method is proposed, which combines Similarity to Ideal Solution Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). After validation, this ideal objective method is both scientific and accurate in the process of target key decision.

Aiming at the defect that BP neural network classification model takes a long time for network training and the condition that wavelet network model lacks of direction information description, the paper presents a method for SAR image classification based on Brushlet and self-adaptive ridgelet neural network. The method extracts the energy and phase feature of SAR image texture through the Brushlet transformation, and inputs the feature vector that describes the energy and phase information into self-adaptive ridgelet neural network for training and classification. The contrast experiment indicates that the classification method proposed in this paper is rapid and accurate, and outperforms the traditional methods.

Based on the research of wave loads calculation methods for the submarine and ship, compared the date of wave loads obtained by strip theory with that obtained by linear-simplified calculation method, we proved the engineering feasibility of linear-simplified calculation method of wave loads on underwater vehicles cabin when sailing on the water surface and near the water surface, the linear-simplified calculation method shorten the calculation cycle and guarantee the engineering accuracy.

Compositions that related to the secondary haze compositions in clarified apple juice were studied. Pressing treatment, pasteurization and enzymatic treatment were mainly investigated. Turbidity, contents of phenolics components, and that of soluble proteins in three batches of apple juice were monitored at intervals during the processing procedures. Pressing treatment resulted in increasing the turbidity and contents of total phenolics, condensed tannins, soluble proteins, but decreasing the level of low molecular- weight phenolics in apple juice. Pasteurization had effects on increasing the level of turbidity and decreasing the level of soluble proteins and had little effects on the level of phenolics components in apple juice. Enzymatic treatment resulted in decreasing the turbidity and the levels of catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, procyanidins B2 and condensed tannins and increasing the level of soluble proteins in apple juice. It will help to control the secondary haze formation in apple juice production.

The relationship of adsorption characteristic about active carbon and the haze in clarified apple juice was investigated. Particle size and addition and adsorption temperature of active carbon were studied.0.18mm particle size with the biggest specific surface area and 0.075mm particle size with the widest microspore distribution of active carbon lowered the turbidity and contents of haze active protein and that of haze active phenolics. Contents of haze active protein and that of haze active phenolics in apple juice were decreased by increasing the adding amounts of active carbon. High temperature of adsorption showed the positive relationship with volume of haze active phenolic and the negative relationship with volume of haze active protein. Particle size of active carbon with 0.18mm or 0.075mm and addition of 15g/kg and adsorption temperature with 50°C are chosen in reducing the haze in apple juice. Absorbability of active carbon has great effects on the haze of apple juice.

Applied damage mechanics and coupled finite element method, to study the fatigue crack initiation life problem. Application of coupling finite element method, the damage coupling effect can be modified through the global stiffness matrix to achieve. The step length of the damage evolution is divided by the damage variable of the critical element, and then the damage evolution is analysised. The corresponding stiffness matrix and loading matrix can be obtained continually under the condition of increasing the damage evolution step of the critical element,then the equivalent stress can be calculated. The corresponding fatigue crack initiation life can be calculated by using the damage evolution equation, the progress will not stop until the damage degree of the critical element reaches to one. The fatigue crack initiation life is obtained by adding the fatigue crack initiation lives with different damage variable.

Hydrolysis acidification / pre-denitrification biological aerated filter was adopted in a domestic wastewater treatment plant. The effluent was accorded with a standard in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard（GB18918-2002）, in which the effluent phosphorus was demanded below 0.5mg/L. Through analysis on the process biological phosphorus removal, biological method can be found to total phosphorus 1.5 mg/L. If you reach level to an emissions standards, phosphorus chemical experiment research, finally determined by strategy for the CN pool, point for adding potions FeCl3, dosing quantity for 35mg/L.

Using coupied variational principle, predicting fatigue crack initiation life of plane stress state plate-like component which leads to large range damage is analysed. The closed form solution about predicting fatigue crack initiation life of plane stress state plate-like component which leads to large range damage is derived. The method adopted in this paper is definite in mechanical concept，it can be widely used in analysis of predicting fatigue crack initiation life of various plate-like component which leads to large range damage. A new thinking and new method is provided for predicting crack initiation life of plate-like component.

A new method was established for detecting a series of photoinitiators (PIs) in printed cartonboard food-packaging materials, which were benzophenone (BP), 4-methylbenzophenone (MBP), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure184), ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDAB), 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB) and 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Extraction was carried out with ethyl acetate by ultrasonic solvent extraction. Samples were analyzed by GC/MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The results indicated that six kinds of PIs had good linear relations (R2>0.9989) in the range of 10~200 μg/L. Limit of Detections (LODs) and Limit of Quantifications ( LOQs ) of all kinds of PIs were 0.3~2.6 μg /kg and 1~8 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of six kinds of PIs at three kinds of concentrations researched (0.30 μg/kg, 0.60 μg/ kg, 1.0 μg/kg) were ranging from 66.7%~89.4%, with the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 4.2%~10.6% (n=6). The results also suggested that PIs were detected in food packaging materials.

Sampled with the pigments extracted from Chinese chestnut shell by alkali solution, chromaticity with protein and starch and chromaticness and red index are related to. The characteristics were compared with that of the standard caramel pigment. Methods were used by spectrometer and colorimeter. Compared with caramel pigments, better chromaticity and stability with starch and protein, lower chromacticness and higher red index of pigments in shell were shown.

Started from Tung oil, a renewable biomass material of china, a new kind of bismaleimide, Tung oil-based bi-dihydrogen-maleimide (TOBBDHMI) was synthesized by the reaction of methyl-α-eleostearate-maleic anhydride adduct (MEMAA) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane disocyanate (MDI). The optimal conditions for synthesis were catalyst triethylamine dosage 1.0%, mole ratio of MEMAA to MDI 2.4:1, reaction temperature 75°C and reaction time 2 h, which gave yield 82.4% for TOBBDHMI (calculated from MDI). The melting point of the product was 186.6 °C~189.3 °C, initial decomposition temperature was 270 °C and final decomposition temperature was 510 °C, which showed the product has good heat resistance. The target product is potential to be used alone or with other bismaleimide monomers to improve polymeric materials’ heat resistance and/or mechanical properties.

Polyurethane (PU), one of the six main categories of synthetic resins, has been used extensively in industry all over the world. Tung oil anhydride-ester polyol (TOAEP), prepared from the China special vegetable oil, Tung oil, was introduced into PU structure. The mechanical property, heat-resistance and morphological structure of the modified PU were studied. Experimental results showed that the hardness and tensile strength of the modified PU increases as the dose of TOAEP increasing while the elongation at break decreases, and the heat-resistance has been improved after modification. The modified PU’s hard segment phase is compatible with the soft segment phase.

This paper reports a literature review on the development of computational software system for creep damage analysis for weldment. It starts with a brief review on the creep damage problem in weldment and the computational approach; identifies the need for computational approach and the un-availability of such computational system; further details on the preliminary development progress of a transfer programme and constitutive equation subroutines. This paper contributes to knowledge to the development of computational system for creep damage analysis.

This study continued the investigation into the mechanical properties of high strength concrete filled steel tubular columns, (HSCFST). The test results for slender columns show that the load bearing capacities and maximum displacement ratio (the ratio of displacement to the initial length at peak load) of the column decreases as slenderness ratio, determined as the ratio of the length to diameter, increases. The test results for eccentrically loaded columns show that when the slenderness ratio is kept constant, the load bearing capacity and maximum strain decrease as the eccentricity ratio increases, with the eccentricity ratio defined as the ratio as the ratio of eccentricity to radius. The formula for calculating the load bearing capacities of slender columns and the eccentrically loaded columns are presented in the paper. These formulas are designed for inclusion in design code documents.

This study investigated the mechanical properties of High Strength Concrete filled steel tubular short columns (HSCFSTSC) with length to diameter ratio (L/D) of 3.5.The strength of concrete used to fill the steel tubular columns ranged from 54MPa to 116MPa. The test results showed that using a steel tube as confinement can significantly improve the ductility and compressive strength of core concrete. The magnitude of compressive strength increase of core concrete was directly proportional to the Confinement Index, , and the extent of improvement of the ductility increases as the  increases. For thoroughly improving the ductility of core concrete, the Confinement Index  should be equal or larger than 0.48. The formula used to calculate the load bearing capacity of HSCFSTSC was given out.

Aiming at the disadvantages of large computing, slow convergence and easily trapping into local minima of traditional BP network, a new method named batch momentum learning algorithm which combining the momentum with batch gradient descent algorithm has been used to be as the learning algorithm of connection weights and threshold of BP neural network, through using this method to forecast the prevalence of plant disease, the convergence speed of BP neural network has been enhanced.

This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. The variation rules of strength, load, and reliability of mechanical components are studied with a change in time, and a model is established for dynamic reliability of mechanical components under the random load acting. By combining the theory of reliability design with the method of sensitivity analysis, the computational method of dynamic reliability sensitivity design with arbitrary distribution parameter is proposed based on the methods Edgeworth and perturbation, and the problem of dynamic reliability sensitivity design of mechanical components distributed arbitrary distribution is solved as well as the variation rules of dynamic reliability sensitivity are given. The variation of reliability is studied as design parameters change a little, which provides theoretical data for dynamic reliability design of mechanical components.

Tung oil is a special biomass resource in China. Tung Oil has the characteristic to be transformed into serial derivatives for its active Conjugated double bond. Especially, tung oil anhydride-ester polyol (TOAEP) can be used as substitute of polyester polyol and/or polyether polyol in the synthesis and modification of polyurethane materials. Through esterification and transesterification, methyl-α-eleostearate-maleic anhydride adduct (MEMAA), a derivative of tung oil, was reacted with ethylene glycol and tung oil anhydride-ester polyol (TOAEP) was obtained. The optimal preparation condition are as follows: p-toluene sufonic acid is used as the catalyst, mole ratio of ethylene glycol to MEMAA is 4:1, reaction temperature is 120°C ~130°C, reaction duration is 8 h. Under the optimal preparation conditions, the yield of TOAEP is up to 88.8% and the hydroxyl value is up to 318.0 mg KOH/g. The structure of TOAEP was confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy (IR).

In order to investigate the progress of the composite films growth, and the influence of the process parameters to the film‘s structure, this paper uses the off-lattice KMC method to research the Ti-Si-N nanocomposite film, and calculate the influence of deposition temperatures, deposition rate and Si content to the film’s surface roughness, nucleation size and density of initial stage. The results show that with deposition temperature and deposition rate ascend, it can increase transition event, decrease the film’s surface roughness. Si content works on nucleation in initial stage, and the more Si contents, the larger of nucleation rate and the smaller of the grain crystal.

The clamp band system is a typical locked and separated device of the launch vehicle (LV) / the spacecraft (SC), and its release-separation process is one of the important factors that affect the LV/SC separation movement. A nonlinear spring-damper model was employed to describe the contact-impact behavior between the V-segment of the clamp band and the LV/SC interface, and lumped mass method was used to depict the clamp band. By using ADAMS, a dynamic model of the clamp band system was established. The simulation results show that the impulse of the explosive bolts and the stiffness of lateral-restraining springs have significant effects on the clamp band dynamic envelope. The shock of the satellite-vehicle separation is very vulnerable to the clamp band pretension and the friction coefficient between the V-segment and the LV/SC interface.

LEED-NC is a green building rating system for new construction developed by USGBC. Since it’s born in1998, LEED-NC has become the most famous green building rating system and made a big success in market expanding. Many other countries, including China, not only use experience of LEED-NC for reference to their own green building rating criterions construction, but also participate in the LEED-NC certification directly. But, as a green building rating system, one of it’s primary objective is to make clear what is the biggest problem in sustainable process. Since 1970’s oil crisis, resource shortage has become a common problem hindering the social and economic development of all countries and districts. Any green building rating system can’t avoid this reality. Using method of “example points+baseline point”, this article makes points statistics of “Energy & Atmosphere” category and it’s inner credits relevant to building energy saving. Finally, we verify LEED-NC’s performance in energy saving is not so good as people’s expectation. When using experience of LEED-NC for reference to our own green building rating criterion construction, we must be very cautiously. And when participating in LEED-NC certification directly, we must keep a conscious mind.

There are problems with the tailpipe hook when the car is in durability test. In the paper, the exhaust system vibration analysis model is built first. It is found that the constraint force on the tailpipe hook which is cracked is bigger and the local stiffness is lower according to the frequency response analysis. After the structure optimization, the stiffness of the tailpipe hook is strengthened. Both the comparative analysis and idling test show that the optimized hook could explicitly reduce the vibration of the exhaust system which transfers to the car floor and improve the fatigue life of the exhaust system. The optimization method could be used for the similar fatigue problems.

The study focused on structure and fiber length of Java kapok fruit from Pate County, Java Tengah in Indonesia for effective utilization. The internal structure of Java kapok fruit can be divided into two parts: fiber bundle and combination of short staple and seeds. The two parts had little adhesion and large difference in fiber length. Fiber bundle method was put forward to measure fiber length, which had strong correlation with Hand-measured staple length. Furthermore, analysis showed the length of kapok fiber had some correlation with length of fruit, and no correlation with length of middle perimeter. Also, the three parts of fruit: head, middle and tail had no significant difference in fiber length.

A series of hyperbranched polyester (HBPE) modified shape memory epoxies (SMEPs) were prepared for the first time. The materials’ toughness, mechanical properties and heat resistance were investigated by impact test, tensile test and DSC analysis. Besides, the possible effect of hyperbranched structure on SMEP’s shape memory property was studied by fold-deploy shape memory test. The results showed 5wt. % HBPE modified SMEP had the optimum properties. Its impact strength, tensile strength and elongation at break were increased by 51.8, 11.4 and 25.4%, respectively, without negative effect on SMEP’s heat resistance and shape memory property. All the samples had high shape retention ratio and 100% shape recovery ratio.

The inorganic electrophoretic particles easily sedimentate and are not preferably dispersed in medium because their density is relatively big. Spheric and hollow TiOB2Bparticles were prepared against the core-shell polymer latex particles via a simple wet-chemistry route, using Ti(OBu)B4Bas a precursor. The particles¢ morphology was observed by atom force microscopy (AFM) images, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The products were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and TEM. TEM showed spheric and hollow particles with a diameter around 290 nm. The density (in the atmospheric pressure, 20°C) of TiOB2Bwas 2.21 g∙mLP-1P. Results showed that hollow framework could reduce the density of particles. The Zeta potentials were determined by micro-electrophoresis apparatus. TiOB2Bparticles had good electrophoretic property, and the Zeta potential was 5.25 mV.

Electroless Ni-P coating containing ZrO2particles was successfully co-deposited on low carbon steel substrate. The surface and cross-sectional micrographs of the composite coatings were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And the chemical composition of the coating was analyzed with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The oxidation resistance was evaluated by weight gains during high temperature oxidation test. The results showed that the embedded ZrO2particles with irregular shape uniformly distributed in the entire Ni-P matrix, and the coating showed a good adhesion to the substrate. The weight gain curves of Ni-P-ZrO2composite coatings and Ni-P coating at 923K oxidation experiments were in accordance with . The ZrO2particles in Ni-P matrix could significantly enhance the high temperature oxidation resistance of the carbon steel substrate as compared to pure Ni-P coating.

By using of closed-form solution for predicting fatigue crack initiation life of a beam subjected to the transverse bending load in large range damage， fatigue crack initiation life of backup roll of four high mill is predicted. The method adopted in this paper is simple and effective. A new method is provided for predicting fatigue crack initiation life backup roll of four high mill.

Electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings on low carbon steel (Q235) sheets were prepared by adopting optimum plating process. The cross-section morphology and structure as well as the phase transformation of the composite coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD). It was shown that the Al2O3 particles homogeneously dispersed in the entire Ni-P film matrix, and the structure of Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings as deposited was amorphous. The corrosion behaviors were evaluated by electrochemical tests. The experimental results indicated that the corrosion resistance of Ni-P-Al2O3 coatings was superior to Ni-P coatings due to the effect of Al2O3 particles. In addition, the oxidation resistance test, which was carried out by using oxidation weight method, showed that ternary Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coating had a better oxidation resistance than Ni-P coating.

An experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of mineral admixtures, w/b, external chloride solution concentration, and carbonation on chloride binding capacity of cementitious paste. The test method was based on equilibrium method. Test results show that incorporating metakaolin, blastfurnace slag, steel slag, and flyash increases chloride binding capacities by 65.9%, 55.3%, 43.9%, and 26.8% respectively. Increasing external chloride concentration and w/c ratio can improve the chloride capacity of pure cement paste. Carbonation of cement paste will reduce the chloride capacity. Chloride binding do affect the durability of reinforced concrete in saline environment.

A PROFI-BUS based industrial robot control system is introduced from the viewpoint of both software and hardware. It is discussed about how to use PC technology and field-bus technology to design an open robot control system. The system adopts a three- layer structure, which is mainly configured with universal control devices, to realize a modular and universal design. A high-speed field-bus is designed for connecting servo system and IPC, to ensure real-time capability; another low-speed Field-bus is used to connect IPC and PLC, HMI, teaching panel and other devices for data exchange, while reducing the occupancy of system resources. The software system adopts the modular design with Windows NT and RTX, which fully exploits the powerful functions of Window NT system and meets the requirements of real-time system. This open structure greatly enhances the system's flexibility and openness.