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The traditional contact devices measure material's surface roughness by scratching its surface, which may cause surface damage and sampling error. In order to avoid these troubles, an optical measurement system is used in this paper. Considering the anisotropic and inhomogeneous surface structure of Cf/SiC composite, a multi-scale measure system must be established. Fiber bundle is the first scale to be studied, whose appropriate measurement parameters are studied here. When sampling area is 150μm×150μm and sampling step is from 0.1μm to 0.5μm, the values of 3D surface parameters Sa, Sq, Ssk and Sku are steady and their relative changes are small. 2D surface roughness Ra is adopted to select the proper sampling length. The results show that as long as the sampling length is more than 112μm, the mean value of 2D surface roughness Ra are relatively stable. The critical sampling length is about 1/7 of the standard minimum sampling length in ISO 468-1982. According to the results obtained, the research provides a useful guideline for determination on the appropriate sampling conditions of Cf/SiC composite fiber bundle surface measurement.

The electronic structure, band structure and optical properties of Co,C co-doped AlN are investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculated results show that some impurity bands emerge near the Fermi level, and the degree of hybridization becomes stronger for Co 3d states and Al 3s states. Which indicates that the electron transition become more active from valence band to conduction band and the electrical conductivity is enhanced. Compared with intrinsic AlN, the optical properties of co-doped AlN improves a lot. There emerge some new peaks in the low energy region and the absorption coefficient, reflectivity and refractive index has large improvement in visible and infrared range.

An analytical thin film thickness model based on the geometry of a commercial vacuum coating system is proposed. This model can calculate the profiles of linear variable filters (LVFs), which are used to eliminate overlapping orders of spectra due to the use of a diffraction grating and which are fabricated using a local mask, producing a linearly variable thickness. While the filter transmits the first-order wavelength and blocks the second-order wavelength. The 75% and 25% relative thicknesses deviation between the evaporated film and the theoretical model is less than 5%, indicating good suitability for LVF design and fabrication.

This paper is a survey on research status of the force-feedback master manipulator for teleoperation at home and abroad. The conclusion includes three aspects: mechanism configuration, control strategy and the model of people’s arms. The authors compared different theories already developed. Then they present the strengths and weaknesses of each theory. The conclusion is significant in pointing the direction for future study.

In order to improve the response effectiveness, extend the workspace of parallel manipulator and make it more conveniently to be used in realistic tasks, this paper has introduced an improved mechanism based on the traditional 6-PUS, which applied the rails leaning outside and the linear motor as its driving system. This has optimized the initial parameters of the improved mechanism, and analyzed its workspace in the software Matlab using the method of cylindrical coordinate search. The result has a guiding significance in optimization of traditional parallel manipulators and the manufacturing of the new prototype.

With five strains of plant pathogenic fungusExserohilumturcicumPass. as test material, carbendazim and chlorothalonil as bacteriostats for compare, the bacteriostasis of silver nanoparticles on the growth of mycelium, the spore germination, as well as the inhibition zone and conductivity was studied. The results show: the bacteriostatic effect of silver nanoparticles is all significantly better than blank control, indicating that silver nanoparticles has better bacteriostatic effect onE.turcicumPass. And there is an interspecific difference for silver nanoparticles’s bacteriostatic effect on the five strains, the bacteriostatic effect of the strain 85-3 is better than 85-1, 85-2, 85-4 and H15. In the comparison among silver nanoparticles, carbendazim and chlorothalonil, the latter two have no significant difference in their bacteriostatic effect, but they are better than silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles’s bacteriostatic effect is achieved by changing the permeability of the cytomembrane.

Sinusoidal shear deformation theory is presented to analyze the natural frequencies of simply supported laminated composite plates. The governing differential equations based on sinusoidal theory are solved by a Navier-type analytical method. The present results are compared with the available published results which verify the accuracy of sinusoidal theory.

To reveal the characteristics of soil organic nitrogen components under different long-term fertilization methods in paddy fields, 7 typical paddy fields in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province were selected, and soil samples were collected from 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. The samples were analyzed for available nitrogen, total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen content and each component of organic nitrogen. The results showed that soil nitrogen decreased with increasing soil depth in the soil profile. Different fertilization methods had a significant or greater effect on the available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic nitrogen in 0 to 10 cm soil, and it had a significant effect on the total nitrogen content in 10 to 20 cm soil. Combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizer was beneficial for improving available soil nitrogen. Applying organic fertilizer was beneficial for the accumulation of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen. Organic nitrogen was a major part of soil nitrogen. In terms of directly affecting the path analysis, the effects of ammonia sugar nitrogen, acid-hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen on available nitrogen are significant. A small negative correlation was shown between amino acid nitrogen and available nitrogen. Amino acid nitrogen indirectly affected the available nitrogen through other components. In terms of the general effect of the path analysis, the influence of non-hydrolyzable nitrogen to available nitrogen was the highest. An important factor to consider in relation to reasonable fertilization is that promoting non-hydrolyzable nitrogen and unknown acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen transformed into available nitrogen and accumulated available nitrogen.

The seed bank response of five pioneer plants, including Cynodon dactylon, Setaria viridis, Amorpha fruticosa, Alternanthera Philoxeroides and Xanthium sibiricum, to flooding were tested through simulating the flooding experiments. The flooding treatments included 30d, 60d, 90d and the control. All of the treated seeds were germinated under an appropriate germinate condition. The results showed that seed germination rate and germination index of Amorpha fruticosa and Xanthium sibiricum increased with the increasing flooding time meanwhile that of Setaria viridis and Alternanthera Philoxeroides decreased, and Cynodon dactylon germination decreased firstly and then increased with the increasing flooding time. The results suggested that flooding influenced significantly seed germination, and implicated that Amorpha fruticosa, Cynodon dactylon and Amorpha fruticosa were appropriate species for the construction of artificial seed bank to restore riverbank vegetation in the Three Gorges reservoir area.

The bacteriostatic effect of nanosilve is researching purposes. Five strains from Aspergillus was used as the experimented materials. The concentration of nanosilver is180 mg / L. 0.3% carbendazim and 0.3% chlorothalonil was used as compering bacteriostatic agents. The results was gained that nanosilve has inhibiting on the growth, spore’s germination, and effecting on bacteriostasis ring and shape of the Aspergillus. The bacteriostasis of nanosilve is very better than blank comparing experimert. For the bacteriostdsis of nanosilve on Aspergillus, there is differentation among strains. The bacteriostdsis of carbendaim is better than chlorothdonil. The batteriostdsis of chlorothdonil is very better than nanosilve. The bacteriostdsis principle is that nanosilve disrupts permeation of cell membrance of Aspergillus.

(R)-tert-butyl (1-hydroxybut-3-yn-2-yl) carbamate, an intermediate of the natural product jaspine B, which was isolated from various sponges and endowed with cytotoxic activity against several human carcinoma cell lines, was synthesized fromL-Serine in overall yield 30% through seven steps, including esterification, Bn protection, Boc protection, TBS protection, reduction, Corey-Fuchs reaction.

In the paper, a matter-element model and correlation functions of running state is established based on fuzzy decision making by high voltage circuit breaker operating state evaluation index and its diversity and ambiguity. Based on matter-element theory, a circuit breaker model which can run the state judge's classic domain, node domain, and to be evaluated matter-element is established, and the use of a set of correlation functions of the calculation circuit breaker extension running parameters and status of the correlation between levels, from the size of the circuit breaker associated with degree of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the state is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, and it is finally verified by examples the usefulness of this method. Studies have shown that the method can quickly and effectively identify the operational status of circuit breakers, hence it can provide a new way to identify the operational status of circuit breakers.

Through a comparative study of the bacteriostatic effect of nanosilver of different species and concentrations against bacteria, it is found that nanosilver have significant bacteriostatic effect against bacteria. Bateriostatic effect of nanosilve 15# against B. thuringiensis is significantly better than E.coli, s. aureus and B. subtillis. The optimal concentrations of 15# for inhabiting E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtillis and B. thuringiensis respectively are: 20 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 40 mg/L. nanosilvers of 13#, 14# and 15# have no significant differences in the bacteriostatic effect against E.coli, but are all significantly better than the bacteriostats of lincomycin hydrochloride and streptomycin sulfate. Antibacterial principle of nanosilver is damaging the cell membrane permeability.

The novelty of this paper is the use of a meshless local collocation method based on the multiquadric radial basis functions for free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates. This method approximates the governing equations based on first-order shear deformation theory using the nodes in the support domain of any data center. The natural frequencies computed by the present method are in good agreement with the element-free solutions of Zhao et al.

A practical and diastereoselective synthetic study towards the cytotoxic and antimalarial compounds aculeatin A and B is described, which started from commercially available 1-tetradecanol and proceeded through a key Evans aldol reaction.

A master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) structured double-clad Yb-doped pulse fiber laser was presented, center wavelength of 1064nm, pulse width adjustable between 53ns-147ns, repetition rate adjustable between 50kHz-200kHz. Through external cavity frequency-doubling with a KTP crystal, the green light visibly of 532nm by fundamental beam of 1064nm was obtained. The highest frequency doubling efficiency was 16.2% when repetition rate of 50kHz and pulse width of 53ns. Relation of fundamental input beam and frequency-doubling output beam were studied through change the pulse parameters of fundamental beam and length of KTP crystal, the influences of fiber laser frequency doubling efficiency were analyzed.

This study evaluated the potential for application of nitrogen injection to Dujiatai which is a water-flooding reservoir developing for decades. ECLIPSE PVTi module of simulation was employed to determine N2-oil MMP (Minimum miscibility pressure) which is as a criterion for screening. Then, through nitrogen flooding development scheme design and index prediction of a typical well group, we get the optimal water alternating gas (WAG) scheme. The optimal scheme can obvious increase the reservoir recovery for the next decade, which can be a useful development method for similar water-flooding reservoirs.

Polishing was performed by using a self-made 40kw electrolysis and plasma polishing machine, and the test specimens were SUS304 stainless steel sheets. Roughness, micro-morphology, surface chemical composition and corrosion resistance of the specimens were analyzed. The results show the surface roughness value decreases quickly from Ra=0.573μm to Ra=0.115μm in first 10 minutes polishing. After 30 minutes polishing, the surface roughness value decreases to Ra=0.066μm. Microdefects on the surface are removed obtaining the smooth surface and Cr content of the surface increases slightly as well as the other elements content is nearly unchanged after the polishing, so the corrosion resistance measured by electrochemical analyzer is improved.

In order to reveal characteristics of soil organic nitrogen components under long-term different fertilization methods on paddy field, selected 7 typical paddy field of Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian of Jilin Province, collected soil samples of 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm, analyzed total nitrogen content of soil and each component of organic nitrogen. Results showed that effects of different fertilization methods on content of soil total acid hydrolysable N (TAHN), amino acid N (AAN), ammonia sugar N (ASN), acid-hydrolysable unknown N (AUN) in 0 to 10 cm soil had significant influence or more, and non hydrolysable N (NHN), AAN and ASN accounted for proportion of total N (TN) had significant influence. Effects soil organic nitrogen components in 10 to 20 cm soil had not significant influence. Applying organic fertilizer was beneficial to improve soil total organic nitrogen, mainly by improving content of AAN and ASN; Long-term application inorganic fertilizer led to NHN accumulation, but applying organic fertilizer was beneficial to NHN transformation, increase content of AAN; TAHN, NHN, AN, AAN, ASN content in 0 to 10 cm soil were slightly higher than that in 10 to 20 cm soil, and content of HUN had no obvious regularity between two soil layers.

By combining likelihood estimation method and Kalman filtering tracking approach, feature extraction algorithm was developed in this paper to extract the harmonic feature from the underwater noise radiated by different kinds of ships. The ability of harmonic features extrication algorithm is demonstrated by simulation and real shallow water data set comprised of a number of ships. The processing results of real data set also show that he harmonics of different kinds of ships can be used to separate from each other.

Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding has been applied to oil extraction in Daqing oilfield in several years. It is a great technology to improve oil recovery after polymer flooding. However, the agent would produce lots of fluid compositions, including a lot of polymer, alkaline and surfactant chemicals, which can improve the output of crude oil but increase the difficulty to disposal, such as fluid emulsion serious, smaller oil bead particle size and higher sewage viscosity and so on. An efficient demulsifier is urgent researched. In the paper, some development and application of common emulsifiers were introduced, including Quaternary ammonium salt of demulsifier, Amine polyether demulsifiercess and Water-oil separation agent Drows-1. It is significance to research the efficient green environmental protection demulsifier, which will decrease environmental pollution and increase sewage treatment efficiency in future.

We use Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) to classify regions in an image. CRFs provide a discriminative framework to incorporate spatial dependencies in an image, which is more appropriate for classification tasks as opposed to a generative framework. In this paper we apply CRFs to the image multi-classification task, we focus on three aspects of the classification task: feature extraction, the Original feature clustering based on K-means, and feature vector modeling base on CRF to obtain multiclass classification. We present classification results on sample images from Cambridge (MSRC) database, and the experimental results show that the method we present can classify the images accurately.

Acoustic thermometry method is used to measure two-dimensional temperature distribution of a circular boundary temperature field experimentally. The measured temperature field is compared with a point-by-point temperature measurement, the results shows that the acoustic method is consistent with the point-by-point measurement which proves that it is reliable to use this method to measure the two-dimensional temperature distribution.

In order to deal with the complexity and uncertainty in medical image diagnosis of osteosarcoma, we proposed a new method based on Bayesian network, and first applied it to recognize osteosarcoma. A new multidimensional feature vector composed of both biochemical indicator and the quantized image features is defined and used as input to the Bayesian network, so as to establish a more accurate and reliable osteosarcoma recognition probability model. Experimental results demonstrate the effective of our method, there are 50 training samples and 30 testing samples, and the accuracy is up to 86.67%, which close to the expert diagnosis.

Multi-domain perimeter intrusion detection system by one machine is based on leaky cable. To solving the problem that the multi-frequency electromagnetic disturbance signal detection circuit is complex and repeated, a method is raised, which is without processing by different frequency, sending the intrusion disturbance signal from multisport to processing circuit to perform FFT, contrasting it with signal spectra without disturbance by frequency analysis, and determining if intrusion happened, the number of intrusion case, detailed place and domain. Simulation study is performing by Matlab, which demonstrated the feasibility and advantage in the project.

The 1,7-dioxadispiro [5.1.5.-pentadecane spirocyclic architecture is the main structural feature in the aculeatins which attracted scientists interesting for the remarkably high cytotoxicity, anti-bacterial and anti-protozoal activities. A prophase study on concise synthesis of the core 1,7-dioxadispiro [5.1.5.-pentadecane spirocyclic architecture of aculeatins was accomplished by using Mukaiyama aldol reaction.

Venlafaxine (Figure 1) is the new generation antidepressant drug. A synthetic route to the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-venlafaxine through Evans Aldol protocol was designed. The key intermediate, (R)-2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl4-methylbenzenesulfonate was prepared from cyclohexanone.

Venlafaxine (Fig. 1) is a new generation antidepressant drug. (1-oxaspiro [2.octan-2-ylmethoxy)(tert-butyl) dimethylsilane (11) as an important intermediate of (+) or (-) venlafaxine (1), was synthesized by four steps including an key epoxidation.

This paper examines the bearing capacity and stability of a catenary axis uniform cross-section multi-span stone arch bridge with solid spandrels in the cold areas. Taking the West Ulanhot Large Bridge built in cold area of Inner Mongolia in 1960s as an example, the bearing capacity and stability of early-built stone arch bridge were calculated,in consideration with the effect of dead load, live load and temperature variation as well as multi-arch action on the main arch ring, in the light of current specification, i.e., the Code for Design of Highway Masonry Bridges and Culverts (JTG D61-2005) published by the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China. The aim was to evaluate the safety of the old multi-span arch bridge through the theoretical analysis and checking calculation based on the current specification.

(R)-tert-butyl (1-hydroxybut-3-yn-2-yl) carbamate, an key intermediate of the natural product jaspine B which was isolated from various sponges and endowed with cytotoxic activity against several human carcinoma cell lines, was synthesized fromL-Serine in overall yield 41% through seven steps, including esterification, Boc protection, acetonization, reduction,Corey-Fuchs reaction and deprotection.

The key intermediate, (R)-3-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)butanal, of total synthesis of tarchonanthuslactone (1) was reported, Which started from commercially available (R)-methyl 3-hydroxybutanoate.

To solve the problem of "reliablity", calculation scope and the high thresholds in the operation of the 3D graphics automatic calculation quantity system in the practical use, "read schemata" graphics manual calculation quantity technology is analyzed. This technology has the features of direct visualization, clear presentation, no requirement for memory in work, revisability, meeting cost engineers work habits, low threshold in operation, wide application scope, easy proofreading and so on. The main function of graphics manual counting system is described with "reading schema". The functions of the drawing display and the manual calculation area are given. The experimental results show that the method is effective, feasible and superior to other 3D graphics quantity calculation system and can be applied in the quantity calculation of various professional engineering.

A highly convergent formal synthesis of Ieodomycins A and B was achieved in 7 steps. The key features involved in the synthetic sequence of Ieodomycins A and B are the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and the Mukaiyama aldol reaction[. The synthesis of C-3 epimer of Ieodomycins A and B was also accomplished in good yields, but now just Heptyl diene aldehyde was getted thought 4 steps. Use Geraniol as meterials to make the corresponding aldehyde (1) via Swern oxidation. Though epoxidation, Wittig reaction and HIO4oxidation to get the intermediate . Useing it though few steps, the target molecule can be getted.

The computing of end-bearing capacity of pile has vital significances for foundation design while the foundations analysis is usually problematic due to those diverse soils and engineering conditions. Though various CPT-based methods which have already been applied in numerous huge engineering practices are available for the analysis of pile foundation bearing capacity home and abroad, there still seemed lacking legitimate guidance assisting to select these formulations quite effectively. In this paper, five CPT-based design methods are compared in deep, the realization through computer program is also presented, with the capacity data accumulated from pile engineering coming into mind, we are on the way to making designers choose better methods during the designing process.

A new classification algorithm of M-ary FSK signals based on the extraction of signals features is presented in this paper. The implementation of the methodology does not require any apriori information. By extracting some basic features of intermediate frequency signals both in time domain and frequency domain, the classification of M-ary FSK signals is achieved. Simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm can classify 2FSK, 4FSK and 8FSK signals effectively under AWGN and and still keeps a good performance even at low input SNR.

Based on the phase distribution which is defined in this paper, a new classification algorithm of M-ary phase shift keying (PSK) signals is proposed. To classify the modulation type of the M-ary PSK signal, the phase distribution of the unclassified signal is calculated firstly, and then the characters of the signal modulation are extracted by computing the FFT of the phase distribution. Moreover, the method is improved in this paper that it is extended to MPSK baseband signals with frequency offset, and the calculation complexity is reduced. Simulation result shows that the accuracy rate of the classification of BPSK, QPSK and 8PSK signals can reach 98.5% when the symbol length is 500, SNR is 3dB, and 16PSK signals can also be well classified when the SNR improves to 9dB.

This paper examines the bearing capacity and stability of a catenary axis uniform cross-section multi-span stone arch bridge with solid spandrels after strengthening and widening, in the light of the Code for Design of Highway Masonry Bridges and Culverts (JTG D61-2005) published by the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China. Taking the West Ulanhot Large Bridge built in cold area of Inner Mongolia in 1960s as an example, the effect of dead load, live load and temperature variation after and before strengthening as well as multi-arch action were considered. Through calculating the bearing capacity and stability of stone multiple arch bridge, compared with the results of loading test and follow-up survey on operation condition for many years, the safety and effectiveness of strengthening scheme are evaluated.

An acousto-optic Q-switched pulse fiber laser was presented, and the output power of 20.3W was obtained by using the one-stage Ytterbium-doped double-cladding fiber amplification. The repetition frequency of the pulse fiber laser was tunable in the range of 20-60kHz. We obtained the pulse output with pulse width of 113ns, peak power of 9kW and the average power of 20.3W, when the repetition frequency was 20kHz. We also measured pulse width at different repetition rate and analyzed pulse waveform.

The CRTSⅡ slab track is one of the major ballastless tracks in China. Factors of the design, the construction, the train load and the service environment lead to the wide juncture cracking. The beam-solid model on the elastic foundation was established to carry out the mechanics analysis. Theoretical analysis was made on the influence of the depth and the length of the cracking on mechanical properties of the CRTS Ⅱ slab track. The train load and temperature load can make the increase of the warping of the slab that cause the irregularity of the slab track. When the wide juncture crack completely, the sudden chill can make the slab track crack and effect the quality of ballastless tracks.

(S)-methyl 2-(2, 2, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3-dioxolan-4-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, the unit containing thiazole of a cyclic depsipeptide Lyngbyabellin A which exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against KB and LoVo cells, was synthesized from methyl 3, 3-dimethylacrylate in overall yield 13.8% through nine steps, including asymmetric dihydroxylation, 2, 2-dimethoxypropane protection, saponification, coupling reaction, sulphonation, diazotization, cyclization, oxidation, and so on.

We present conditional random fields (CRFs), a framework for building probabilistic models to segment and label sequence data, and use CRFs to label pixels in an image. CRFs provide a discriminative framework to incorporate spatial dependencies in an image, which is more appropriate for classification tasks as opposed to a generative framework. In this paper we apply CRF to an image classification tasks: an image labeling problem (manmade vs. natural regions in the MSRC 21-object class datasets). Parameter learning is performed using contrastive divergence (CD) algorithm to maximize an approximation to the conditional likelihood. We focus on two aspects of the classification task: feature extraction and classifiers design. We present classification results on sample images from MSRC 21-object class datasets.

A kind of novel (E)-2-hydroxy 5-alkoxyl salicylaldoximes copper extractants was designed and synthesized. The synthetic route was started from 1, 4-dihydroxybenzene and the reaction sequence employed for the preparation of the (E)-2-hydroxy-5-alkoxyl salicylaldoxime included monoetherification, formylation and oximination.

The predominant pyridine alkaloid in modern tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is Nicotine. However, with the existence of a class of Nicotine demethylases, a large proportion of Nicotine will be converted into Nornicotine during leaf senescence. Identification of Nicotine demethylases in modern tobacco is important, since Nornicotine will be nitrosated into N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), which exhibit carcinogenic properties in laboratory animals and is harmful for human heath. Although many efforts have been performed to identified, no comprehensive analysis was carried out for the subfamily of Nicotine demethylases. In this work, we performed a phylogenetic and comparative analysis for Nicotine demethylases with their highly homologs. A single and conserved mutation of W->C will prohibit the activity of Nicotine demethylases. Thus, the proportion of Nornicotine could be dramatically decreased if all Nicotine demethylase were single mutated by transgenic manipulation. Our results provide an insightful and solid foundation for further experimental design.

The failure time of polyvinylchloride (PVC) insulated power cables was studied using an infrared radiation heating furnace and insulation resistance measurements. The temperature-time curve inside the furnace was similar to that of the ISO 834 standard. Two popular fire protection methods were employed for the cables; one method applied fire-retardant coatings directly on the cable surface, and the other inserted the cables into metal conduits coated with structural steel fire-retardant coating. The results showed that for both protection methods, the failure time of the cable increased with the thickness of the coating. However, if the cable coatings were thicker than 1.5 mm, the coating will crack in the case of cable movement. When the steel structural coating was thinner than 1 mm or thicker than 3 mm, the protective effect was not remarkable for the relatively small expansion multiple. For the longest failure time of the cables, less than 10 minutes in these tests, neither of the two methods was effective in protecting the electrical cables that supply power (on transmit a signal) to equipment required to operate over a relatively long duration in fire conditions.

In this paper, the experimental platform about combustion characteristics of thermoplastic insulation materials is designed and established. The material surface temperature, heat release rate, flame height and pyrolysis position of different thickness of molded polystyrene board are obtained. Research results show that the flame spread rate increased with the increase of the thickness of material thickness and the fire spending increase decreases first and then increases. Considering the heat preservation performance and combustion performance of this material, 50mm is the critical thickness.

(R)-2,2-Dimethyl-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-ethynylox-azolidine, an intermediate of the natural product jaspine B, which was isolated from various sponges and endowed with cytotoxic activity against several human carcinoma cell lines, was synthesized fromL-Serine in overall yield 43% through seven steps, including esterification, Boc protection, acetonization, reduction, Swern oxidation and Corey-Fuchs reaction.

To avoid local convergence and slow convergence of GA, SVM was used to get the fitness function in this paper and Statistical Learning Theory was used to guide the optimization process. Then, the improved GA was applied to Optimizing Cigarette Logistic Distribution Routing Problem, and the result proved that the algorithm was efficient in convergence.

The air cooler reduce the working temperature of the transformer, high temperature will reduce the transformers life, and even make insulation overheating, aging, then the transformer will be damaged. The air cooler which is forced oil circulation in transformer outdoor in substation has been monitored. The real-time monitoring of 24-hours indicates that the temperature changes in the range of 3°C. The ambient temperature is lower than the temperature of fan about 1°C. At the long-term of 479 days, the average daily temperature range of fan is 35.32°C, the maximum temperature is 50.25°C on August 18,2011, and the maximum temperature is 14.93°C on January 17, 2011. The daily average of ambient temperature range is 37.59°C, the maximum temperature is 51.16°C on August 17, 2011,and the minimum temperature is 13.57°C on January 17, 2011. The maximum difference between the temperature of fan and the ambient temperature is 12.48°C on September 15, 2011. According to the relevant standards and monitoring results, the maximum threshold of fan temperature is defined to 80°C, and the threshold of temperature rise is 20°C.

Synthesis of the series of compounds, which could be put into extract copper , contained hydroformylation, etherification, oximation. Resorcinol as the starting material was transformed to 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and then converted to 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, which oximated to (E)-2-hydroxy-4-alkoxybenzaldehyde oxime.

The gradient vector flow (GVF) Snake models are active contour models: they lock onto nearby edges, localizing them accurately. GVF refers to the definition of a bidirectional external force that can capture the object boundaries from either sides and can deal with concave regions. However, we find that there is a main disadvantage of GVF Snakes---- there are some critical points in the model, the critical points must be included in the initial contour or must not be contained internal, and otherwise, it could not converge to the correct boundary. To solve this problem, we propose an improved GVF Snake model: we construct a new driving force to improve the initialization of contour. The experimental result shows that the new model we proposed not only avoid the critical points of the initial contour, but also converge to the concave boundary better.