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Ni foam with 3D porous structure has attracted attention in the field of catalysis. Expanding the specific surface area of Ni foam is an important method to enhance its chemical properties. In this study, the Cu-Ni/Ni foam were obtained by electroless plating copper on Ni foam and then heat treatment for homogenizing at 750°C. The dealloying of the Cu-Ni/Ni foam was carried out by electrochemical etching for obtaining the Ni foam with hierarchical pore structure. The microstructure, phase and electrochemical performance were characterized by SEM, XRD and electrochemical testing. The results showed that the optimized temperature of electroless plating Cu on Ni foam is 60oC. Ni-Cu alloy can be obtained by counter diffusion above 750°C. With prolonging time of etching, the content of Cu component decreased and the size of pores on the sturts of the Cu-Ni/Ni foam changed from nano to micro scale. The electrochemical properties of the alloywere significantly higher than that of the pure nickel foam.

Orderly TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) with high surface area became a prospective catalyst support. TNTs were obtained by anodizing Ti plate, and then the Ni-Cu-B/TNTs electrodes were prepared by cyclic voltammetry electrodeposition (CVE) method. SEM, EDS and electrochemical testing were used to investigate the microstructure and catalytic performance Ni-Cu-B/TNTs electrodes for methanol electro-oxidation. Effects of electrodeposition time, CVE scanning rate and times on the methanol electrooxidation were studied. The results show the shape of Ni-Cu-B particles on surface change from fusiform-like to spherical with an increasing of deposition temperature. The peak current density initially increased and then decreased with increasing electrodeposition time, rate and number of CVE scanning. The Ni-Cu-B/ TNTs electrode prepared by 30 cyclic times in 30°C at-0.8~0.2V and the scan rate of 20mV s-1 appear the best electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation. After cycled 1300 times for methanol oxidation, the peak current density decreased by 12%, indicating excellent long term stability of Ni-Cu-B/TNTs electrode.

A real-time dispatch (RTD) model for wind power incorporated power system aimed at maximizing wind power utilization and minimizing fuel cost is proposed in this paper. To cope with the prematurity and local convergence of conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, a novel adaptive chaos quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (ACQPSO) algorithm is put forward. The adaptive inertia weight and chaotic perturbation mechanism are employed to improve the particle’s search efficiency. Numerical simulation on a 10 unit system with a wind farm demonstrates that the proposed model can maximize wind power utilization while ensuring the safe and economic operation of the power system. The proposed ACQPSO algorithm is of good convergence quality and the computation speed can meet the requirement of RTD.

Built-in electric spindle has been the core component of machine tool, whose temperature problem is serious. Internal heat source are greatly influenced by load. Based on which has the function of automatic clipping chuck inversion type vertical lathe built-in electric spindle prototype as the research object, using the theory of thermal stress and finite element, established the intermittent load cases hot - structure coupling numerical analysis model of the electric spindle. After overall analyzing electric spindle within the transient temperature field under the action of the intermittent load, the winding temperature changing with time curve is given. On that basis, electric spindle thermal deformation has been carried on the analysis and calculation, gets the shaft extension end axial thermal deformation, provides theoretical basis for the thermal error compensation.

Due to the intermittence and fluctuation of intermittent sources, microgrid needs energy storage system to make it functioning safely and stably, and the primary problem to be researched is how to determine the capacity of energy storage system. Microgrids of different conditions need energy storage systems of different capacities. This paper proposed an optimal sizing method for hybrid wind-solar-battery microgrids in island mode based on the modified particle swarm optimization. The method solves the optimal design problem on the premise that microgrids function safely, it also takes various restrictions of batteries into account, and finally the best sets of batteries are selected to achieve the optimal economic. A case study was presented to verify the effectiveness of the optimal sizing method.

According to the demands of electric equipment monitoring and control, a design of on-off control system for electric equipment based on WiFi is presented. The system introduces WiFi wireless communication technology into the communication network construction, which realizes the rapid wireless data transmission, simplifies the network organizing method and saves the network building cost. The WiFi on-off control device and the host computer program based on C# are designed. The WiFi on-off control device has the functions of on-off control of electric equipment and WiFi communication. The host computer program realizes the functions of system login, electric equipment terminal configuration, electric equipment on-off state display and control. The system test and analysis results show that the designed system can realize the remote wireless control of multiple electric equipments and the operation effect is good.

Polyacrylamide is of concern in oil recovery wastewater treatment because of its persistence and environment effects. A concept is proposed to synthesize γ-Fe2O3 particles with magnetic functionalization for polyacrylamide removal from aqueous media. Magnetic particles were synthesized by the sol-gel method, using NH4HCO3 and FeSO4·7H2O. These magnetic particles show high adsorption capacity for polyacrylamide. Because of the useful magnetic property, large specific surface area and fast magnetic separation, the synthesized materials will provide a convenient and highly efficient means to remove polyacrylamide from oil recovery wastewater.

With the development of Internet scale, diversifications of applications and the network virtualization, novel applications emerge, such as search services, stream, social networks, cloud services, e-commerce, big data services and so on. Current Internet cannot afford the diversifying services any more. The network architecture should be improved or a clean slate architecture design is desired. Novel designs of future Internet become a hot topic. IPv6 is the improvement version of IPv4, which solves the address issue of the current Internet, but issues of routing scalability, security, mobility and Quality of Service are still remain. There are two ways to future Internet, improving ones and clean slate designs. The former is based on the current Internet and the latter is novel design without the limitation of the current network architecture. In this paper, we introduce related work of future Internet and summarize the locator/ID separation mechanism, SDN, OpenFlow, NDN and so on. At final, we conclude the paper.

The characteristic of maximum power tracking was required in brushless doubly-fed generator (BDFG) distributed wind power system. This paper analyzed the mathematical model on synchronous coordinates of BDFG, and a vector transformation control strategy is put forward based on flux linkage oriented of the stator technology. It also established the vector transformation and the BDFG model in the Matlab/Simulink, and conducted the maximal wind energy capturing simulation research for the distributed wind power system with this algorithm. The theory analysis and simulation results indicated that this proposed control is feasibility and superiority in this field.

Aimed at the problems of low control accuracy and weak robustness influenced by external disturbance, friction, load changes, modeling errors and other issues in ammunition auto-loading manipulator control system, a new robust adaptive controller based on fuzzy compensation is proposed. The control architecture employs fuzzy systems to compensate adaptively for plant uncertainties to distinguish different disturbance compensation terms and approximate each of them respectively. As a result, the control system has great dynamic features and robust stability and meet the requirement that the actual motion of ammunition auto-loading manipulator quickly tracks the scheduled trajectory.

A new fuzzy adaptive sliding mode controller based on fuzzy compensation for robot is proposed. The control architecture employs fuzzy systems to compensate adaptively for plant uncertainties to distinguish different disturbance compensation terms and approximate each of them respectively. By analyzing and comparing the simulation results, it is obviously shown that the control system can lighten the effect on the control system caused by different disturbance factors and eliminate the system chattering than that of traditional SMC.

For the purpose of recycling acid sludge of lubricant oil from refinery, on the conditions that the dilution factor is 20 and the actual addition amount of calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide is respectively 1.15 and 1.1 times of the theoretical value, neutralization method is used to process acid sludge. By means of removing post-reaction organic phase, evaporating, drying, igniting at 650°C for 80 min, dissolving, crystallizing, calcium sulfate product is obtained. The conversion rate of SO42- in acid sludge is more than 75% in the product. The purified product meets the national quality standards for similar products.

The operation of a 1Mt/a gasoline and diesel hydrofining unit was performed through some energy-saving optimization. The process improvement measures include: ① Change the blending process of the recycle stock; ② Improve the thermal efficiency of the reaction part; ③ Decrease the energy consumption of the fractionation reboiler part. According to the process improvement measures above, 560 tons of standard coal per year were expected to be saved for the company. They are also beneficial for the safe operation of the apparatus.

The energy saving operation optimization of a 1Mt/a gasoline and diesel hydrofining unit was performed. The specific measures include: ① Make the heated feedstock to be feed directly; ② Take targeted measures to avoid the bed pressure drop increasing too fast. According to the methods of the operation optimization above, they could be expected to be able to save 400 tons of standard coal per year for the company, which have certain economic benefits. They can also increase the safety of the unit.

Currently applications in wireless sensor network are just designed in the laboratory networks, while in real networks the resource is not unlimited because of network bandwidth, delay, jitter, packet loss and so on. In this paper, we propose a simulator and emulator for network delay and jitter in wireless sensor network, which is designed with FPGA and DDR3 to achieve the wire-speed delay/jitter simulation. The experiment results show that the simulator/emulator is efficient.

Micro grid may exert adequately distributed generation efficiency, and that wind Photovoltaic and Energy Storage is a key equipment in the micro grid. Aiming at the distributed generation existing intermittence and randomicity characteristic, the paper discussed the micro grid P/Q control method under the connection grid state and the micro grid U/F control method under the disconnection grid state. It also studied the distributed generation parameters variational law under the micro grid different run mode, and built the correlative mathematics model and tested by simulation. The results show: the control strategy ensured the mice grid running stably, and achieved the system anticipative design request, and offered theory foundation for the distributed generation extend application.

The quick & exact anti-islanding is a mandatory feature for grid-connected distributed generation system. The conventional passivity detection method has the biggish blind section and lower reliability, especially when the grid-connected inverter export power and burthen power are balanceable; the islanding detection often is disabled. And that the initiative islanding detection method is considered an effective measure, but if the arithmetic & parameter choice irrelevantly, the islanding can not be detected easily; even injected harmonic to the grid and destroy power quality. An improved voltage shift technique islanding detection arithmetic is put forward in this paper, and the correlative mathematics model is established, and the project is analyzed and studied theoretically based on IEEE Std.2009-929 criterion. The result shows the method will not affect power quality, at the same time it can detect islanding phenomenon quickly& exactly, so it is feasible.

The plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) process of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte were investigated with disodium hydrogen phosphate used as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content of disodium hydrogen phosphate under constant voltage. The effect of disodium hydrogen phosphate on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that disodium hydrogen phosphate could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions significantly.

Based on the performance requirements of product in cold rolling, stability, saponification and pH value influence on quality of emulsion was analyzed. The quality indexes of emulsion were established in characteristic of lubricating and cooling system on cold tandem mills. The experiment studied ratio of rolling oil for cold rolling with formula calculating and experimental determination of application. After optimization of long-term effecting observed, it can ultimately determine the efficiency of emulsion with excellent ingredient and performance parameters. It would lay solid foundation for the production of high quality cold rolling strip.

The produce causation and the development direction of the distributed power and the far-reaching meaning of constructing China characteristic Smart Grid are introduced in this paper. The influence to the traditional transmit electricity net protection under the background of the distributed power being connected on a large scale and the emphases attention technic problems are analysed emphatically. The tiny net technic is explored, which is the main method of the distributed power connection and bring into play its efficiency. Finally, the development aim of the Smart Grid protect system is prospected.

A new Gemini surfactant was synthesized with chloroacetyl chloride, urea and N, N-dimethyl dodecyl amine as raw materials. Its structure was verified by IR and1HNMR. The surface active properties of the Gemini surfactant in water was measured at room temperature. Results indicate that the bisquaternary ammonium salt exhibits lower the critical micelle concentration(CMC) and surface tension at the CMC (γcmc), compared with conventional surfactant C12TAB. The sterilizing antimicrobial performance of the Gemini Surfactant shows excellent bactericidal activities against Magnaporthe grisea and Bipolaris sorokiniana compared with C12TAB at 50 mg/L.

To solve the image feature information on the robustness of JPEG compression problems, we use the third layer of wavelet of images to decompose the approximation sub-band coefficients as the image feature information, analyze the characteristics of the discrete cosine transform in JPEG compression so as to compare the robustness of image feature information under different quality of JPEG compression. The experimental results show that: make the image compression quality factor more than the standard JPEG, the approximate sub-band coefficients of image wavelet as the image feature information has better robustness, and their difference is less than or equal to a smaller threshold.

The formation of super-thin continuous dielectric film (e.g. the ion barrier film-IBF) on microchannel plate (a kind of porous substrate) is most important for prolonging the operating life of the third generation micro-light image tube. In this paper, firstly, the formation of Al2O3 ion barrier film on microchannel plate (MCP) using a new contamination-free technology was introduced. According to the analysis and the comparison with the traditional direct formation technology, it was found that the productivity of the new technology is better (90%) and the carbon contamination can be minimized. Next, the stopping and transmittance characteristic of the film for electrons were studied and the measurement principle was shown. In this measurement, the concepts of “dead-voltage” and “electron transmittance” were proposed to evaluate the stopping and transmittance of the film for electrons. The dead-voltage was 220V for the MCP covered the ion barrier film with a thickness of 5nm and the electron transmittance was over 90%.

According to the demands that calibration organizations need to calibrate various instruments and calibration requirements are complex, a kind of remote calibration system oriented to multiple objects and complex requirements is developed. The system architecture is designed. It’s based on B/S mode, and has the advantage that calibration operation can be done anywhere having Internet access. Then the requirement of remote control is realized. The objects and functions of the system are analyzed in detail, and the object models are built by using object-oriented idea and these models are realized by relation model whose related theories are mature. Then the operation commands can be defined flexibly and the problem that calibration requirements are complex is solved. The theory and experiment shows that the system can be used to calibrate various instruments, its operation command definition is flexible and calibration operation can be done anywhere having Internet access by using the system.

The Model Driver Framework was designed to facilitate analyses of complex systems. It completely divorces the model execution process from the model itself. By doing so it frees the modeler to develop a library of standard modeling processes such as design of experiments, optimizers, parameter studies, and sensitivity studies which can then be applied to any of their available models. The framework accomplishes this by means of a well defined API and object structure. Both the API and object structure are presented here with enough detail to implement the framework in any object-oriented language or modeling tool.

There are increasing incidence of Hangman fracture with the development of society and industrialization. The research on upper cervical spine concerning hangman fracture is able to be well carried on with The finite element method(FEM) developing. The research includes a biomechanical experiment of cadaver specimens and FEM analysis accordingly. The finite element models of geometrical complex structure from medical images are generated automatically, the research presents simulation of different surgical option of hangman fracture, testified the models by loads, calculated the stabilities and stress of models. The corresponding results were summarized with experiment of cadaver specimens. The research demonstrate that clinical therapeutics is an good option for Hangman fracture with C2-3 inter-vertebral disc injury.