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In this work, a thermal reduction process via ultrafine titanium powder as the reducing agent under argon atmosphere is firstly used to prepare Ti4O7. Compared with the conventional method, this experiment process reduces the sintering temperature to 850°C. The phase transformation and the morphology of the as-prepared powders are examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, it is found that the Ti4O7 powders obtained by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited the crystal structure, distinctly possessing an average particle size around 750 nm. The as-prepared Ti4O7 nanoparticles are used as anode active material in lithium battery. The results demonstrate that the anode with Ti4O7 calcined at 850°C by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited insertion/extraction lithium ion property.

The correlation between intermetallic compound (IMC) and interface bonding state of the pure Al/08Al steel clad plate after 645°C/1h diffusion annealing was studied using the SEM. The results indicated that after 645°C/1h diffusion annealing for the pure Al/08Al steel clad plate, the IMC grew continuously along the interface with the thickness of 2-6 μm, while, at some regions grew abnormally with the thickness up to 10-30 μm. Moreover, some intrinsic defects at the interface, such as voids in the abnormally grown IMC and micro cracks along the interface were observed. The voids were possibly caused by huge difference of Al and Fe in diffusion coefficient, which is known as Kirkendall effect. On the other hand, the micro cracks could be attributed to the thermal stress during the cooling process because of larger difference of thermal expansion rate between Al and Al-Fe IMC. The intrinsic defects at the interface of Al/Steel could supply a novel way to correlate the morphology of IMC and interface bonding strength.

A facile green method to synthesize fluorescent Ag nanoclusters (NCs) has been developed by employing glutathione (GSH) as capping agent as well as reducing agent. The fluorescent nanocomposites powder possesses strong emission and excellent stability. By changing the mole ratios of glutathione to silver precursor, nanoclusters with different emissions are obtained. The as-synthesized GSH-Ag nanocomposite is well characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, HRTEM, XPS, and IR spectroscopy. The green synthesis procedure has also been used to synthesize fluorescent GSH-Au nanoclusters with good success.

Spatial layout optimization is a core of existing barracks renewal. Distinguishing from new built barracks, existing barrack spatial layout optimization needs to pay more attention to solve the contradiction between current and future. So in this chapter, we develop six primary design keys applied to existing barracks including harmony relations between barrack and its surrounding environment, emphasis on weakness construction, optimize allocation, improve security defense capabilities, enhance artistry of spatial layout and realize the whole structure optimization. Reference to ancient classical fortification thoughts and current construction conditions, we also explore 5 tactics to optimize existing barracks spatial layout , namely, function integration method, node co-ordinate method, axis control method, three-dimensional space construction method, as well as idle land reuse method. Finally, we choose one tipical case to integrated apply the above keys and tactics from theoretical and practical fields promoting the sustainable development of existing barrack .

Traditional random forest algorithm is difficult to achieve very good effect for the classification of small sample data set. Because in the process of repeated random selection, selection sample is little, resulting in trees with very small degree of difference, which floods right decisions, makes bigger generalization error of the model, and the predict rate is reduced. For the sample size of sepsis cases data, this paper adopts for parameters used in random forest modeling interval division choice; divide feature interval into high correlation and uncertain correlation intervals; select data from two intervals respectively for modeling. Eventually reduce model generalization error, and improve accuracy of prediction.

The author uses a SWOT method to analyze the advantage, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Hexi new energy industry base.And on this basis,the author put forward a suggestion and countermeasures of new energy industry base, such as SO Strategies, ST Strategies, WO Strategies, and WT Strategies. Then,the article comes up with some suggestions to promote the development of the new energy base .

A bionanocomposite was cast using Ni, TiO2and ZnO nanoparticles stabilized by soluble starch (nanoNi, nanoTiO2and nanoZnO) as filler in a glycerol plasticized-pea starch (GPS) matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that nanoparitlces were about 20 nm. In GPS/nanoparticles nanocomposites, loading a low level of nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties. When the nanoparticle content varied from 0 to 4 wt%, the tensile yield strength containing nanoNi, nanoTiO2and nanoZnO from 2.08 to 4.05, 8.23 and 11.31 MPa; Young’s modulus increased, from 22.3 to 89.1, 212.6 and 243.5 MPa respectively. The improvement in these properties may be attributed to the interaction between the nanoparticle filler and GPS matrix.

Single-story brick column workshops are widely used as the production or storage room of medium and small-sized enterprises in China. Based on the field investigation of single-story brick column workshops at the earthquake-affected area after Lushan 7.0 earthquake, the damage characteristics of workshops are summed up. Damage prediction analyses are carried out for two typical single-story brick column workshops, and failure mechanism researches are conducted by using ABAQUS finite element software for a workshop. Finally, according to the results of failure mechanism researches, some relevant suggestions of the seismic reinforcement are put forward.

In Northeast China, brick-wood building is widely distributed, but due to the absence of the seismic code, there are many differences between structure and construction technology in different regions .That makes the seismic capacity is uneven. Therefore, we chose the typical brick-wood building in the Northeast as the object of study. Based on seismic data in QianGuo earthquake, using numerical simulation technique to analyze the earthquake damage and failure mechanism of brick-wood building, explores the causes of seismic damage. On this basis, we proposed the new seismic reinforcement technology measures, by comparison has gone through a transformation of a typical brick-wood building aseismic capacity significantly better than the prototype. Meanwhile, this research helps to understand the seismic performance of brick-wood buildings in the Northeast, and to develop appropriate policies on disaster for the region is of great significance.

For researching principle and production line state of steam curing of composite wallboard, the art have been conducted through actual investigation and field test. Based on the influence of steam curing on the strength of high performance concrete, durability and volume stability, put forward suggestions of steam curing system; Several problems have been raised for steam curing in the actual production, then some correlative improve measurements are given. Provide the reference for the production and development of the residential part in our country.

Take composite wallboard of residential parts as object of study, use investigation and theoretical calculation to check unfavorable conditions of Mold-unloading-lifting and lifting-transportation in industrial production. mold-unloading coefficient and dynamic coefficient value are researched according to summarize domestic and foreign standard, and give out suggested dynamic coefficient values of construction checking of lifting-transportation for composite wallboard. It can provide reference of production and development of residential parts.

The dynamic excitation and the noise of meshing gears were analyzed quantitatively using the three-dimensional finite element contact analysis and the boundary element method. The distribution and variation roles of the gear mesh noise were obtained. The simulation result was verified by sound power measurement. The main excitation was determined additionally. It provides the theory basis for the control of the gearbox noise.

For studying the influence of eccentricity e on autoclaved fly ash solid and perforated brick masonry. Adopted method is that eccentric compression tests were conducted on 24 autoclaved fly ash solid brick masonry samples and 24 autoclaved fly ash perforated brick masonry samples. The damage patterns and test results are comparative analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the strain distribution in section accord with plane section assumption and the eccentric compressive capacity decreases proportionally as e increases. In conclusion, The limit value of eccentricity e are given.

Epoxy resin (EP) nanocomposites reinforced with different contents of core-shell structured Ni@NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by using a surface wetting method. The nanoindentation and nanoscratch properties of Ni@NiO/EP nanocomposites were comparatively studied based on nanoindentation technique. Results revealed that 5 wt.% content of Ni@NiO NPs was the optimal concentration for Ni@NiO/EP composites to obtain the best improvement of nanomechanical properties. In comparison with pristine EP, the highest enhancements of hardness and elastic modulus of 5 wt.% Ni@NiO/EP nanocomposites were increased by 37.8% and 16.3%, respectively.

This work presents a new detection system for seed viability assessment. The theoretical of the system is based on laser speckle or dynamic speckle, an optical phenomenon produced by interference of light. In the present work, the detection of a single in a period of time is been concentrate. The various parts and working principle of the laser speckle detection system explain detailed and the feasibility of this system is experiment in this paper. The result shows that this system is available in this field, and it can support the further study.

In view of the traditional image difference method for camera movement under the condition of low accuracy on moving target detection, the image difference method based on bionic compound eye moving target detection algorithm was proposed and optimized. It used the image difference method based on bionic compound eye to detect the moving targets, and optimize the result by pixel interpolation and the ratio. The experimental conclusions show that the accuracy about new motion detection method is 25% higher than the traditional method.

The paper extends its field of research to affordable housing development, which is an important people's livelihood issue in current china. This paper begins with an outline of public rental housing construction in Chongqing so called Chongqing model, in sight of universal issues in affordable housing exploitation, analyzes main contradictions about housing policy, planning and management, and proposes countermeasures from four aspects, establishing multi-level housing guarantee system, planning comprehensively and taking measures according to local conditions, emphasizing on quality and quantity to improve performance-price ratio, and updating design concepts to advocate intensive life. In conclusion, we find evidence suggesting that China should clearly understand the contingency and stage characteristics of affordable housing development, meanwhile establish all-round and whole process support policies and measures, and strengthen renovation of science and technologies. As a typical model, the exploration on contradictions and countermeasures of Chongqing pubic rental housing construction aims to provide experience and reference to affordable housing development across China form the theoretical and practical fields.

Different from the independent optimization of macrostructures or materials, a two-scale topology optimization algorithm is developed in this paper based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method for concurrently designing a macrostructure and its composite microstructure. The objective is to minimize the mean compliance of the structure which is composed of a two-phase composite. The effective properties of the composite are calculated through the homogenization method and integrated into the finite element analysis of the structure. Sensitivity analysis for the structure and microstructure is conducted by the adjoint method. Based on the derived sensitivity numbers, the BESO approach is applied for iteratively updating the topologies for both the structure at the macro level and the microstructure of composite at the micro level. Numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm.

With the development of technology, the agricultural industry has become far more efficient and mechanization. In this paper, image processing method was adopted to detect the changes in seeds temperature, aiming at discovering the laws in seed germination. Oak seeds were selected as samples. The method can be divided into two steps----image segmentation, data extraction and analysis. 32400 images for 90 seeds were captured, and the changing curve of seeds temperature was described based on the images we collected. The result showed that the method was available to capture the changes of seeds temperature during its germination. Even, further research aiming at distinguishing seeds vigor by temperature information, is of great value.

Damage data of 52 masonry structures in Yuxi Village which is the macroscopic epicenter of Ms 7.0 LuShan strong earthquake were summarized and analyzed to study basic seismic capacity of the rural residence in Southwest China, and the following conclusions were obtained: summarized structural features of the main rural residence structure in Southwest China that exemplified by Yuxi Village; summarized damage characteristics of masonry structure in Yuxi Village, given brief analysis of its damage causes and provided reinforcement and improvement suggestions according to the corresponding damage characteristics; analyzed general damage characteristics of the village houses in the macroscopic level based on statistically analyze seismic site survey data. The basic seismic capacity of rural residential status in Southwest China is initially grasped, and it has important reference value to understand of the damage characteristics of various types of structure, the development of earthquake disaster mitigation planning and revision of seismic design code.

This paper extends its field of research to renovation of ordinary existing housing, the greatest characteristic of which is little personality and few styles. Distinguishing from landmark building, renovation of ordinary existing building fabric calls for highly specific approaches in planning, construction, and implementation. We, the architects develop renovation ideas and principles applied to ordinary existing housing offering our view of advocating stage renovation and knowing the real demand of the end user. Based on this view, we have chosen one typical action to discuss the efficient strategy and tactics, that cover the key areas of revitalizing community space with a focus on territoriality and sharing, improving housing function and aesthetic transformation which mainly address the integrity of facade remodeling and function upgrade, two-scale design and detail show, and adopting appropriate technology with particular emphasis on economic cost and user comfort conditions. The exploration on strategy and tactics in common renovation of ordinary existing housing aims to present references and experiences to urban residential sustainable development from both the theoretical and practical fields.

Micro-channel Plate (MCP) with Ion Barrier Film(IBF) is one of the main technical indicators that restrict the performance of the third generations of Low Light Level Image Intensifier(LLLII). IBF with inferior quality can be a direct impact on the performance of the third generations of LLLII or even makes it not work, and it’s very unfavorable in the tube mass production and promotion. In response to this urgent requirement, in order to improve the quality and preparation of the finished product of the Al2O3 on the input side of MCP prepared by magnetron sputtering, the paper carries out the process optimization of magnetron sputtering used for image intensifier. By simulation of Ar ion bombarding Al2O3 target, while under the guidance of the working principles of the magnetron sputtering and thin film growth theory, we change the working pressure、 sputtering power、 argon flow and other process parameters by using magnetron sputtering machine developed in China, to change the coating deposition rate of Al2O3, and to increase the lateral migration of the film-forming process of Al2O3. Finally we prepare a uniform、 continuous and compact Al2O3 Ion Barrier Film. At last the optimal technique is obtained: Sputtering pressure is 2.6×10-1Pa, Ar2 flux is 90sccm, sputtering power is 170W, and the thickness of film is 80Å. We test the performance of MCP with optimized films by using the MCP performance testing devices, contrasting with pre-fabricated thin-film quality, and the results show that the average gain decline is dropped, the dead volt is lower, and the quality of the films prepared by this process is significantly better, yield and view pass rate is as high as 90%, meeting the dual demands of high electronic transmittance and high ion blocking rate of IBF.

Slow greenway as the integration of the natural environment and the living, providing both physiological and psychological health security for urban residents. Although some city-level greenways provide urban public space for residents, it exposed its intimacy is inadequate with residents, walking reach ability is not strong and the use is too concentrated. So that the community slow greenway concept becomes. As the end of the city slow greenway, community slow greenway’s planning and design is significance for the extension and widespread of the urban greenway. Rich the slow greenway’s functions with ecological environmental protection, biodiversity maintenance, entertainment participate, activities support, publicity education and others. Take Chunlei town as an example to explore community slow greenway’s specific planning and design methods, from construction points, feature set, pavement form and public service facilities.

Solar collectors are the key components of solar thermal utilization. The comparative tests of solar flat-plate collector (SFPC) and heat pipe evacuated tube collector (HPETC) were done in this paper. The results show that during the low temperature difference range, the heat collecting efficiency of the flat-plate collector is about 2.3 times higher than the efficiency of the heat pipe evacuated tube collector and the heat loss of the flat-plate collector is about 3.2 times bigger than that of the heat pipe evacuated tube collector. Through the analysis, two measures are proposed to improve the efficiency of flat-plate collector and reduce the heat loss in order to make it more efficient in the solar heat pump system.

Extremity exoskeleton of power assist robot can help people support the load and enhance the durability of bearing the load. This paper mainly introduces the mechanical structure about extremity exoskeleton of power assist robot that is used in the forest. The environment of the forest is complex, and the forestry production is always done by human beings. The work is very heavy, so we want to develop a kind of device to help them. If this device can be promoted to forestry production, it will greatly improve the production efficiency. This device represents the most cutting-edge technology in the field, doesn’t delay the reaction of body movement by the sensors on its body, and is more powerful.

The cable between elevator and cage was used as the object of this study, we use the finite element theory to establish the finite element model of the cable system. Then the motion response curve between the elevator and cage and the tension curve of the cable was gotten from solving the finite element equation by using the Runge-Kutta method. We have studied the effect of the length of the cable on the motion response between elevator and cage.

The load on the cutting boom of roadheader changes violently because of the changes of rocks hardness. The power of cutter motor is related to the hardness of rock and propulsive force. The propulsive force is determined by the moving speed of cutting boom. The hydraulic control system of arcing cylinders is an electro-hydraulic proportional control system. The adaptive control model is build by Simulink. A PID control is used and the power of cutter motor is keep at a constant state by adjusting the speed of arcing cylinders.

In order to improve performances of a virtual prototype, modeling and analysis are necessary before a system is produced and put into use. Firstly, structure and control schematics of electric vehicle with the steer by wire system and brake by wire system integrated are analyzed. Then, dynamics models of brake by wire system including the motor, planetary gear reducer, ball screw, etc. are built using Matlab software. Finally, effects of brake by wire system parameters such as motor parameters on system performance such as time domain and frequency domain response characteristics are analyzed using modern control theory. The results show that the modeling and analysis helps to find the performance sensitive parameters ,which will be used for parameter optimization design of brake by wire system.

At present, the development of smart grid has already formed a consensus in the world. As an energy depletion big country, the development of smart grid has very important significance in China. Transformer substation plays a very important role in the smart grid, so do semantic description of substation equipment and improve their interoperability can effectively raise the intelligence application of the transformer substation. The ontology technology based on semantic sharing has unique advantages in describing the concept and relationship. Therefore, to build up ontology for substation equipment and to describe it using the ontology description language-OWL can achieve power equipment information sharing, interaction and processing, which provides a new method to build smart grid.

HA MIP was prepared in acetonitrile-ethylene glycol mixed solvent ( 20:1，v/v), HA was used as the template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and ethylene glycol dimethaerylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker. The UV spectrophotometry was used to demonstrate the interaction between HA and MAA. The adsorption characteristics of MIP to HA have been studied by equilibrium binding experiment and Scatchard analysis. The data obtained show that MIP reached equilibrium within 6 h. It is found that within the studied concentration range one HA molecule is entrapped by two MAA molecules The Scatchard chart shows the apparent maximum binding capacity (Bmax) and the dissociation contents (KD) of MIP are 170.5 μmol/g and 0.18 mmol/L, respctively. The MIP synthesized by this method have better binding ability to histamine and can be applied on the separation and detection of histamine.

The study of this paper is La and Ba(La⁄Ba=1:1) doped modifying alumina. And we focus on the need for influence on content(La+Ba) and calcination temperature on the S.A of modified alumina. Factors considered were the S.A, it’s attenuation and phase in calcined etc. Screening out the sample of better comprehensive performance. At the same time the less content(La+Ba) can reduce the manufacturing cost of the catalyst.

A new formulation, that employs both two-stage dehumidification and intercooler to effectively enhance system performance is proposed and investigated experimentally. The paper briefly describes desiccant wheel including the coupled fundamental principle and overall structure originally. An experimental setup is subsequently designed and built to evaluate the system performance under various operation conditions. The effects of different fresh air intake temperature at various regeneration temperature under given conditions are numerically analyzed and explained. Finally, results of a test-case are presented, indicating compared with the common single-stage system, an increase in humidity removal. Meanwhile, increasing regeneration air volume and temperature can significantly improve the dehumidification ability for sorbent materials and coefficient of performance of the system respectively, as well as save indirectly electric energy consumption, which is derived from the energy-intensive regeneration blower.

As the complexity of unsaturated soil theory, and it must have a long test period when we study the unsaturated soils, so the conventional design analysis software does not provide such analysis, so we can imagine that such a slope stability analysis does not accurately reflect the actual state of the slope. Based on the known soil moisture content，this paper use the soil water characteristic curve and strength theory of unsaturated soil to calculate the strength reduction parameters of soil which can calculate the stability of the soil slope when using the common calculation method. It is noticeable that this method can be extended and applied if we establish regional databases for this simple method, and these databases can improve the accuracy of the calculation of slope stability.

The high transmission rate for IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX) system can afford many kinds of high quality mobile services but also induces the higher power consumption. Therefore, the IEEE 802.16e specification proposes the power saving function for MSs. However, the actual implemented sleep duration for MS is fragmentary and short. In this paper, we have proposed a complete solution of the power saving function, which includes the Call Admission Control (CAC) algorithm, the Bandwidth Allocation (BWA) algorithm, and the packet scheduling algorithm to prolong the sleep duration of MS for UGS/ertPS, rtPS, nrtPS, and BE traffics. The simulation result reveals the efficiency of sleeping mode and the excellent performances in packet delay and dropping probability.

Discharge of animal manure without treatment not only pollutes environment but also influences people health. It also hinders further development of livestock industry. Composting animal manure is one of the solutions to this problem, in which content and morphous of nitrogen play important roles that affect the compost quality. Therefore it has great meaning to study nitrogen transformation during the pig manure composting, especially at low temperature which reduces composting turnover rate. In this study, pig manure was collected as compost material. Maize stover was chosen as attendant agent. Three kinds of microbial agents (A, B, C) were inoculated into the manure to start composting at 6°C. Contrast test was performed without microbial innoculant added. Acid nitrogen and non-acid nitrogen were included in total nitrogen in the composting process. Furthermore, Amide nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and other unknown form acid nitrogen were included in acid nitrogen. Total nitrogen (TN) content decreased rapidly with microbial agents (A, B, C) added during the early 6d of the composting. TN content was the lowest at the stage of high temperature (6-12d) and increased quickly between 12-18d, and it became stable after 18d. Dynamics of acid nitrogen content was the same as that of TN content. Non-acid nitrogen content varied as same as the nitrogen content in contrast test. These indicated that composting microorganisms could not utilize non-acid nitrogen, so the change of TN was due to the variation of acid nitrogen. In the early stage of composting (0-6d), contents of both amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen increased slowly, while contents of amino acid nitrogen and the unknown form nitrogen decreased rapidly. Moreover, ammonium nitrogen content increased quickly. It suggested that amino acid nitrogen and the unknown form nitrogen transformed into ammonium nitrogen. The decrease of acid nitrogen and TN contents were resulted from the evaporation at high temperature. In the stage of high temperature (6-12d), microorganisms grew quickly so that amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen increased rapidly, which were ingredients of microorganisms. Other form nitrogen changed a little. In the stage of maturity (12-18d), contents of amide nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen decreased rapidly, while the content of unknown form acid nitrogen increased quickly. Content of amino acid nitrogen grew slowly, which suggested that amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen changed into unknown form acid nitrogen as well as amino acid nitrogen. As temperature decreased, contents of unknown form acid nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen increased slowly, while contents of other form nitrogen decreased after 18d. The amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen contents decreased quickly at the former stage of the composting but slowly later. Content of ammonium nitrogen decreased significantly over the composting process.

The granite is widely used for city architectural decoration, outdoor sculpture. Study on granite reflection is important for artificial building recognition and rock or mineral exploration. The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) is used in conventional remote sensing to characterize the geometrical scatter of materials. Polarization occurs with multi-angle scatter. 90°and 0°polarized bidirectional reflection along the waveband of 300~2500nm for various view azimuth and zenith angles on polished granite are acquired. DOP then is calculated.

Handling and stabilities is important for steer by wire (SBW) system. Firstly, a platform for SBW handling and stabilities analysis and parameter optimization with friendly graphic user interface (GUI) is built based on Matlab GUI technology. Secondly, three degree of freedom handling and stabilities model with steering angle as input is built and system stability is analyzed based on Routh-Hurwitz stability and poles methods. Then simulations are carried out to show effects of some vehicle parameters on handling and stabilities. Finally, the handling and stabilities sensitive parameters are optimized using genetic algorithm method to improve step responses and handling and stabilities.

In order to investigate the emergency capacity of the full prestress and A-class components under normal service conditions, vertical tensioned increment method was be applied to study the statistic discipline of effective prestress for existing PC bridges. The results showed that the statistical parameters of effective prestress obey normal distribution and ~N(0.97,0.09). On this basis, the stress-resisting probabilistic models of two kinds of components were constructed. The dead load effect probabilistic model and the vehicle load probabilistic model considering evaluation base period were established. Based on the research above, the assessment method of stress reliability for PC bridge under normal service conditions was presented.

Considering the requirements of the high accuracy, high reliability and real-time capability for the aircraft geomagnetic correlation matching algorithm, the similarity core function, geomagnetic properties and search methods will be processed synthetically in this paper. The correlation variance is introduced as the similarity core function, the feature normalization of the geomagnetic field is introduced as the matching parameters and the differential evolution algorithm is introduced for reducing the running time. The experiments have been done in the laboratory based on the actual measured geomagnetic field data, its results show that: the matching probability and accuracy of the new algorithm are better than the traditional one on the whole and the average running time is shortened from 7～11s to 1～2s.

The outlier identification and correction of the geomagnetic parameter measurement is an important influencing factor for the probability and precision of the matching algorithms. The ream-time measurements of the geomagnetic field parameter can be considered as the first-order non-stationary random process, the real-time measurement value can be predicted by using the multi-level recursive method, the outlier identification can be done by the Dixon criterion, and the correction can be made by using the median filter and the one step prediction value. The inspection is carried out by using the emulation data and actual data, the results show that not only the isolated type but also the spot-type outlier value can be detected well and the signal reconstruction error is less than 5%.

Automobile steer by wire system (SBW) is a novel steering system. Firstly, the linear four degree of freedom dynamics model with steering torque as the input is built. Then the design ,simulation and multi discipline optimization parameterized platform of SBW is built based on Matlab Graphic User Interface, which can design and simulate steering system performances quickly. Effects of different parameters such as velocity, moment inertia of steering wheel and tire cornering stiffness on handling and stabilities are analyzed. Finally parameters are optimized to minimize the response total variance under torque input and improve the response under steering torque input.

Based on the technology such as remote sensing(RS), geographic information system(GIS), 3D simulation, and damage prediction, the simulation technology of earthquake disaster scene (STEDS) is the important content of digital disaster reduction and has important research value, which can be used to decision support, virtual training, and popular science education and so on. The general idea of STEDS is introduced in this paper and the key technologies to simulate an earthquake disaster scene livingly are analyzed. Taking a real city for example, the disaster scene of building blocks is completed, which take different colors as the signs of different damage levels under earthquake effect. The 3D building model bases are established by 3D modeling technology, which include 3D intact building models and the damage ones with different damage levels. Based on the replacement rules of models, the preliminary disaster scene of 3D damage building models is realized.

Activated carbons with good spherical shape were prepared from polystyrene-derived ion exchange resin D001 having various divalent cations of Mg2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+by CO2activation at 800 °C for 1.0 h. The resins having univalent cation such as Na+became fragmentized after activation, which can be attributed to their poorer thermostability than that having divalent cation. The resultant spherical activated carbon SACMg has the largest specific surface area (SBET) of 1025 m2g-1, total pore volume (Vt)of 0.781 cm3g-1and mesopore volume (Vme)of 0.510 cm3g-1. SACMg, SACMn, and SACFe all have high mesopore fraction of 65.3%, 61.0, and 59.8%, respectively.

The capacity of existing RC bridge could decay slowly when exposed to the aggressive environments. In this paper, the probability assessment method was presented. And the probability model of dead effect and vehicle action effect was established. The classification principle of bearing capacity was presented on the basis of reliability index; furthermore, the evaluation method was presented by a lot of calculation about the reliability index and the ratio of vehicle action effect to dead effect. An existing RC beam bridge with 34 years was evaluated; the technology condition is third class according to code for maintenance of highway bridges and culvers (JTG H11-2004). The checking index is 0.947 and the assessment result is also third grade. Comparing of the results indicated that the method is practical and convenient.

Application of digital aerial camera was a milestone in the development of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. The new digital sensor leads to the changes of remote sensing imaging models. Generally, remote sensing imaging models have two kinds: geometric model and radiative model, in which radiative model mainly focus on the radiative quality of remote sensing images. In this paper, a new kind of airborne camera, namely Twice Imaging Digital Camera (TIDC), is introduced, which integrates the advantages of film airborne camera and digital one. It adopts twice imaging techniques to acquire large format, strict central projection images. The radiative transfer model of TIDC is built on the physical processing of digital imaging. The intermediate imaging device of TIDC influences digital images’ quality badly, such as luminous intensity distribution, decay and noise. For this reason, the approach of light tracing based on Monte Carlo is used to simulate radiative transfer in TIDC and test the performance of the intermediate imaging device. The importance of this work is: The Monte Carlo simulating experiment proposed by this paper can be widely applied in the simulation and modeling of other digital imaging systems, and has great practical value in the evaluation and optimization of image quality, the improvement of remote sending imaging system, as well as the estimate of image acquirement results.

The Wenchuan earthquake occurred on May 12, 2008 (Beijing Time) caused great economical loss and large amount of buildings were destroyed. Many of single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings in Hanwang town located in the highly seismic region were damaged, and the damaging phenomenons are very typical. According to the damage survey and analysis of typical seismic damage for the single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings located in Hanwang town, the damage distribution and failure characters of these buildings are summarized in this paper. The single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings which were designed according to current seismic design code have better earthquake resistant behavior than those old single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings and the damaging phenomenon show some new features. Finally, combining current seismic design code of our country and the earthquake damage lessons, some reasonable suggestions on the work of seismic strengthening and earthquake resistant design of the single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings have been given.

In this paper, the typical seismic damage of earthquake fortification and non-earthquake fortification masonry buildings are analyzed and the causes are illustrated, which are based on a large number of earthquake disaster survey data of Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Ms6.4 Baotou earthquake and Ms7.8 Tangshan earthquake and so on. According to the damage statistics data of several past earthquakes of China in recent years, the difference of damaging phenomenon and rate of earthquake damage of earthquake fortification and non-earthquake fortification masonry buildings in highly and lowly seismic regions are discussed and analyzed. Finally, based on the analysis conclusions, how to improve the seismic capacity of masonry buildings are discussed combining current seismic design code of China and some reasonable suggestions on the post-disaster reconstruction of masonry buildings have been given.