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To transfer more power and use it in a heavy load environment, the contact surface between the ball and the track must bear great stress. The temperature always rises due to friction, which is more likely to cause problems of material deformation and fatigue failure. As a result, it will be a key technology to maintain a certain lubricating effect of the transmission components under the environment of heavy load and temperature rise. Through the analysis of friction coefficient and electrical contact resistance, the greases are used to test the lubricating effect of the transmission elements under the heavy load condition. The results will be helpful for the industry to use heavy load greases as a reference.

Through the experiment of cutting 1060 Aluminum Alloy by Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ), the surface roughness of material which is cut by AWJ is controlled by the cutting work pressure, cutting stand-off distance, cutting traverse speed and the abrasive diameter which used in AWJ. Measuring the cutting surface roughness of 1060 Aluminum Alloy by stereomicroscope and surfagauge, among the factor which can affect the surface roughness, the cutting traverse speed play a dominant role to control the surface roughness in the process of cutting. As the result of the surface roughness of 1060 Aluminum Alloy at different cutting depth is different, which can be separated in two different zones (Smooth area and Rough zone). As the result of experiment, the abrasive diameter has little effect to change the surface roughness between two different zones. The surface quality of rough zone can be improved when change the diameter of abrasive: with the diameter of abrasive increase, the surface quality of rough zone become better. A higher cutting pressure can improve the surface quality of the cutting surface of 1060 Aluminum Alloy. While increase the cutting traverse speed in the process of cutting can decrease the surface quality of 1060 Aluminum Alloy cutting surface. In a certain range, increase the cutting stand-off distance of AWJ can decrease the surface roughness of the cutting surface, and the roughness of cutting surface will change little when the stand-off distance increases to a certain extent.

In the process of abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting, there will produce a series of striation shape on the cutting surface of target. In this paper, we define such striation as cutting striation shape. The most research of this paper is the force situation and movement trajectory of water jet in the process of cutting. It is deduced by theory that the cutting surface striation shape is circular arc and find that the radius of circular arc is related to cutting velocity, cutting pressure and the property of cutting material. In the experiment, stainless steel 304 and aluminum 6061 were cut by AWJ and the result shows that the shape of the surface striation is arc-shaped in both material surface. At different cutting pressure, for a same material, K_R is a constant value which is only related to the property of cutting material.

Forming limit is one of the important indexes to evaluate the formability of materials. In a variety of methods of evaluating the formability of materials, the forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most intuitive and effective, and the most widely used. There are many methods to obtain the forming limit diagram. This paper mainly introduces the methods for obtaining the forming limit diagram of the material defects, and material defects are classified into three categories: geometric defects, defects in organization structure and material constitutive defects, and the methods for obtaining forming limit diagram based on these three kinds of defects is analyzed and summarized.

A kind of rotating step motor is used in special environment, which has the character of single step angle great,single step rotating speed rangeing widely and output turque rangeing widely. To adapt the using environment and its working characteristics, the motor’s main parts of shell and front-backcovers are all made up of the stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti, which has a good performance in diamagnetic and comperhensive mechanics. During the manufacture process, the 1Cr18Ni9Ti was found can be absorded by magnet. This paper researchs the influence of elements components and metallographic structure to the 1Cr18Ni9Ti by analyzing the element components and metallographic structure of several batches of materials.

Compressive strength of concrete is the major mechanical properties of concrete that need to be focused on. Poor compressive strength will lead to low susceptibility of concrete structure towards designated actions. Many researches have been conducted to enhance the compressive strength of concrete by incorporating new materials in the concrete mixture. The dependencies towards natural resources can be reduced. Therefore, this paper presents the results of an experimental study concerning the incorporation of artificial lightweight bubbles aggregate (LBA) into cementations mixture in order to produce comparable compressive strength but at a lower densities. Three concrete mixtures containing various percentages of LBA, (10% - 50% of LBA) and one mixture used normal aggregate (NA) were prepared and characterized. The compressive strength of LBA in concrete was identified to be ranged between 39 MPa and 54 MPa. Meanwhile, the densities vary between 2000 kg/m3 to 2300 kg/m3.

Peridynamic simulations have been carried out to perform the slope stability analysis. A slope is first modelled with discretized particles in 2D. Then the non-ordinary state-based Peridynamic model is utilized. In order to obtain a more realistic behavior of the soil, Drucker-Prager constitutive model is used to describe the mechanic properties of soil. Results show great agreements with the FEM results, while provides the dynamic slide progress in the post-failure process.

The Phan-Thinen and Tanner (PTT) model was used to describe the co-extrusion behavior of tread rubber which is made up of two components. To investigate the effects of upper and lower channels on simulation results, two kinds of Finite Element (FE) models were established. One of them contained the upper and lower channels, while another did not. Comparison between the computational results and corresponding test data illustrates that the difference of these two models is obvious, which suggests that the consideration of upper and lower channels play an important role in analysis on polymer’s co-extrusion process. Besides, we also analyzed the effects of wall slip coefficients on co-extrusion products. The results show that the decreasing of wall slip coefficients can reduce the extrusion swell phenomenon effectively, but it may bring out the distorting of the corner parts of co-extrusion section shape. Therefore, various factors need to be comprehensive taken into account in the selection of wall slip coefficients.

To improve the cycle performance of spinel LiMn2O4as the cathode of 4 V class lithium ion batteries, spinel were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method. The dependence of the physicochemical properties of the spinel LiCrxMn2-xO4(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) powders powder has been extensively investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), charge-discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that as Mn is replaced by Cr, the initial capacity decreases, but the cycling performance improves due to stabilization of spinel structure. Of all, the LiCr0.2Mn1.8O4has best electrochemical performance, 107.6 mAhg-1discharge capacity, 96.1% of the retention after 50 cycles.

Energy efficient resource allocation is one of the critical issues for the coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission system, where the signal received by each mobile station needs to be converged among multiple base stations (BSs) in the same cluster. However, as the interaction of the system is frequent, the overhead of the backhaul signaling will be enormous. In this paper, an iterative resource allocation and scheduling algorithm (IRASA) with dual method is proposed to solve the optimization problem aiming to maximize the system energy efficiency, which considers the backhaul capacity constraints, circuit power consumption and zero forcing pre-coding (ZFP). Simulation results show that our proposed IRASA can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the system with the backhaul capacity constraints.

Infrared equipment has good concealment, strong anti-interference ability, far operating range and fast search speed. These features make it more and more used in military or civilian fields. This paper aims to realize the moving target recognition and tracking system based on Infrared scanning image. According to the actual situation, choose a combination method of Butterworth filter and Median filter as the image preprocessing algorithm, selected the segmentation algorithm based on the target local energy for continuous multi frames, and using Kalman tracking algorithm with our orientation algorithm to track the target, get the target specific position. Using GDI in VC++ to establish Radar Scanning polar coordinate system, show the target trajectory in the coordinate system.

“Qingyu 2”Helianthus tuberosusL. was used to study fructan metabolism and the synthesis and degradation enzyme activity in the whole growth period ofHelianthus tuberosus ondry land and irrigated land. The results show that, SST is mainly expressed in the leaves, the main site to synthesis kestose. FFT has high level expression mainly in the tuber expansion stage and then synthesis the DP ≥ 4 fructan. The stem with small fructan biosynthesis and degradation is a temporary fructan storage site. Before and after blossom, FEH activity reaches the peak in leaves and tubers. Fructan synthesizes and accumulates mainly in the rapid growth period and tuber formation stage, and remains stable in blossom stage before transfering rapidly to tubers from leaves and stems inexpansion period. Drought stress on dry land does not affect the fructan metabolism before blossom, but prevents the FEH expression in blossom, which delays fructan transfer to the tubers and FFT expression of tubers.

The depletion of natural resources in the production of coarse aggregate are very crucial. Construction materials are solely depends on natural granite in the making of cement composite. Therefore , there is an urgency need to develop new alternatives material that can replace the usage of granite in concrete production. In this study, LBA have been produced to cater this problem. It is made from a mixture of bubbles from foam and ordinary portland cement. The ratio of the raw materials used is 1 part of bubbles and 2 part of ordinary Portland cement. Its manufacturing process does not involving any sintering process so it will part help to reduce energy comsuption at about 30%. The properties and characteristics of the LBA such as density, specific gravity, water absorption, strength were investigated. Results shown that the specific gravity of LBA was 1.00, water absorption was 19.44%, dry bulk density was between 730 – 800 kg/m3 and dry loose bulk density was ranged from 700 to 730 kg/m3 and the strength of aggregates is 14.00 MPa. It is found that the LBA can be used as a partial replacement of granite in the production of concrete. Keywords: LBA, concrete, density

This paper briefly presents a Parallel Serial Hybrid Electric Vehicle structure combined with NAC institute, constructing a CAN Communication Network of Hybrid Electric Vehicle’s Powertrain and also defining the Communication protocol of the control Network. The Network constructed is tested on bench and prototype vehicle and by using CANstress, CANoe and some other Automotive network development tools, actual test and performance analysis have been conducted. The experiment result illustrates that the control network system arrives a high stable performance and real-time with low bus load and little error frames under high transmission speed and interference environment, and can meet requirement of HEV Powertrain of stability, real-time and accurate control. Besides that, we also constructs a Diagnostic Network, which fulfills the unified diagnostic services (UDS) defined by ISO14229.

With the advent of recycling economy era, the automobile remanufacturing industry has aroused wide concern of the society. This paper first proposes a risk map in automobile remanufacturing, including technology risks, market risks, management risks, cost risks, parts supply risks and life cycle synchronization risks. Then, it designs an assessment indicator system of risks in automobile remanufacturing and uses AHP approach to establish a model to assess risks in automobile remanufacturing. Finally, the paper calculation example and proves its correctness and practicality in the empirical analysis section.

The mixture powder of Cr, Ni, Mo and Cu were deposited evenly on a ductile iron with ferrite matrix and treated by plasma transferred arc (PTA). The microstructure and hardness distribution of the PTA-alloyed layers were investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness tester, respectively. Results show that the cross-section consists of four regions: alloyed zone, melted zone, heat affected zone and unaffected substrate. The maximum microhardness of PTA-alloyed sample is measured to be as high as 1077 HV0.2, which is approximately 4.4 times higher than that of substrate. The improvement is attributed to the formation of mixed hard-phases such as Cr7C3, C23C6, martensite, cementite under nonequilibrium solidification, and the solution strengthening by the alloying elements as well as grain refining via the rapid cooling.

Combined with the engineering project of a bridge in Lanzhou, the derrick crane girder method in the special terrain conditions of the construction technology and process is introduced in detail, also the internal force of steel wire rope is calculated in detail. After applying in practical engineering, it proves that derrick crane lifting method is not only safe and reliable but also economical and feasible.

To overcome the shortcomings of precocity and being easily trapped into local optimum of the standard quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) , Information Technology in An Improved Quantum Genetic Algorithm based on dynamic adjustment of the quantum rotation angle of quantum gate (DAAQGA) was proposed. Mutation operation using the quantum not-gate is also introduced to enhance the diversity of population. Chaos search are also introduced into the modified algorithm to improve the search accuracy. Simulation experiments have been carried and the results show that the improved algorithm has excellent performance both in the preventing premature ability and in the search accuracy.

The aerodynamic force and pressure distribution on a cantilevered cylinder with aspect ratio of 5 mounted in smooth uniform oncoming flow and turbulent boundary layer have been experimentally investigated. The tested Reynolds number ranges from 0.64×105 to 5.81×105, covering subcritical, critical and supercritical regimes. The results indicate that the aerodynamic drag of a cantilevered cylinder is smaller that that of 2D cylinder. The drag differs significantly along cylinder span because of the three dimensionality of the flow. The presence of turbulent boundary layer makes cylinder back pressure more uniform along cylinder span relative to that in uniform flow. Transition from subcritical to critical regime occurs earlier near cylinder free end in uniform flow, while this behavior disappears with the presence of turbulent boundary layer.

The mechanical behaviors and durability of concrete containing steel slag powder (SSP), silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) were presented in this study. The fresh concrete properties, compressive strength, split tensile strength, elastic modulus, stress-stain curve, chloride permeability as well as carbonation of concretes mixed with different SSP contents or concretes containing compound mineral admixture were tested. The experimental results reveal that the mechanical behaviors and durability of concrete with 10% SSP replacing cement are both improved than that of the reference concrete. Mechanical behaviors and durability of concrete with 20% SSP replacing cement are similar to the reference concrete. Concrete with compound mineral admixture of SSP and SF obtain the highest enhancement in both strength and chloride resistance.

In this paper, a text blind watermarking is proposed and implemented for copyright protection. Based on the characteristics of PDF format, this algorithm uses character spacing coding throughout whole PDF document to embed watermark into it. Robustness and security is further increased by using synchronous coding, cycle encryption and majority decision. Watermark embedding and extracting are implemented under the software environment of VC++ 6.0, and performances are tested and analyzed. Experiments show that the algorithm has good transparency, large capacity and good robustness. It can apply to both of Chinese and English PDF documents.

Raising a pneumatic measurement method to measure the valve sleeve bores cylindricity based on error compensation. Analysis related errors of the raised measurement method, determined the maximum error, and setting up the error compensation model to the maximum error, designed the measurement system, related experiment has been conducted, which verified the correctness of the measurement method and the accuracy of the measurement system.

Based on the theory of cantilever construction, combined with a three cross continuous rigid frame bridge, choosing the biggest cantilever stage, side span cross fold stages, middle span cross fold stage and complete bridge stage as the research object. Considering the pillar-soil function, making the seismic elastic-plastic response calculation. Getting the result that, during the earthquake, pillar-soil function can improve the flexible extension ability of the bridge structure so as to get better resistance seismic capacity. Internal force of the construction stage gradually reduces along the bottom pier, the middle pier and the top pier. Along the bridge, the maximum bending moment appears at the biggest cantilever stage. Horizontal to the bridge, the maximum bending moment appears at the side span cross fold stages. Plastic areas develops quickly during pier bottom and pile top, the crack is obvious; Plastic hinge first appears in the pile foundation, consuming earthquake energy through its plastic deformation so as to reduce the earthquake impact of pier. We should try to avoid plasticitys appearing in the pile foundation during the design, which will provide convenience for the follow-up maintenance.

Tyre rolling resistance is very important to energy conservation and vehicle emissions. The main test methods of rolling resistance and their disadvantages are elaborated in this paper. In order to prepare for the (EC) No 1222/2009 and ECE R117, comparative analysis of ECE and GB are taken. It's important for the tyre company inboard export tyre to Europe. The influence of tyre pressure, test speed, load and environment temperature for the rolling resistance are studied, and lay the foundation for accurately measuring rolling resistance.

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) doped polypanilines (PANIs) were chemically synthesized in different molar ratios of aniline (An) to ammonium persulfate (APS) and An to DBSA. The microstructures of these PANIs were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). UV-Vis spectrometer, semiconductor parameter analyzer, ubbelohde viscometer and electrospinning technique were used to characterize the optical, electrical properties, viscosity and solubility of these PANIs. The results show that the molar rations of An to APS and An to DBSA had strong effect on the microstructure, molecular weight, degree of crystallinity, optical property, solubility and conductivity of obtained DBSA doped PANI. With the increase of the molar ratios of An to APS and An to DBSA, the conductivities and molecular weight of DBSA doped PANIs decreased, while the degree of crystallinity and solubility of DBSA doped PANIs increased. The DBSA doped PANI could dissolve in dichloromethane or HFIP and could be fabricated short fibers by electrospinning. Moreover, the solution of DBSA doped PANIs in concentrated sulphuric acid showed liquid crystal property.

Polymer blends consisting of chloride polyethylene (CPE), and enzymatic hydrolysis lignin(EHL) were prepared by compression molding. The thermal and mechanical properties of EHL-CPE composites were investigated. The results showed that the presence of EHL, which interfered with the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and Impact strength of CPE were improved. The values of impact strength and thermal stability time rose quickly with ncreasingEHL content from 5 to 20 phr.There was a obvious increase color change time in Congo red dipstick experiment of CPE by adding EHL. The thermal testing results showed that EHL could be a novel additive for increasing thermal stability of CPE.

A numerical model is given to identify equivalent parameters of composite materials, using BP neural network algorithm. Taking Filament-wound composite pressure vessels as the research object, finite element models are first constructed .Getting node displacements as network training samples, the mechanical parameters as output information of network for effective training, the equivalent material parameters can be obtained. The satisfactory numerical validation is given and results show that the proposed method can identify the equivalent modulus and the equivalent Poisson’s ratio of the Filament-wound composite pressure vessels with precision. The computational efficiency is improved with BP neural network.

The SiO2 coated Al thin films deposited on glass substrate for solar front reflectors were designed using Essential Macleod Program (EMP) and successfully fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The obtained thin films showed high reflectivity (up to 89.51%) under the light wavelength ranged from 250 to 2500 nm, which was identical with calculated results. Moreover, the thin films showed high anti-corrosion properties after the harsh abrasion tests. The high performance of the thin films was mainly attributed to the SiO2 layer, which served as a good protection without serious degradation of reflectivity, demonstrating the bright prospects for outdoor solar front reflectors.

This paper has introduced the concept of complex refractive index and studied the effects of material absorption on the total reflection tunneling characteristics of photonic crystals by employing the characteristic matrix method. Through numerical computation, changes of the total reflection tunneling peak of photonic crystals along with the extinction coefficient and periodical optical thickness of the materials have been studied. The peak height of the total reflection tunneling decreases with the increase of the extinction coefficient, while the frequency of the total reflection tunneling peak is free from the extinction coefficient. Moreover, the frequency and bandwidth of the total reflection tunneling decrease with the increase of the periodical optical thickness.

The regenerative combustion technology has been widely used in the recovery of flue gas waste heat, but the denitration is not considered. This article is based on the comprehensive application of the Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) technology and the regenerative combustion technology to recycling waste heat and removing NOx from flue gas. In many industrial heating processes, the temperature of flue gas falls from above 1000°C to the ambient temperature (50°C-100°C) along regenerators, while the temperature window of most catalysts ranges from 200°C to 450°C, meanwhile catalysts and regenerative cells are porous mediums, so the regenerative cells that hold a temperature range for catalytic reactions can be replaced by catalysts, and the waste heat of flue gas can be recovered and the nitrogen oxides can be removed simultaneously.

The cemented rockfill is mixed with cement, water and the siltstone rockfill with a certain mixing proportion. To study the strength and stress-strain behavior of the cemented rockfill, two groups of triaxial tests are carried out under the saturated and consolidated-drained conditions. One group specimens don’t include cement while the other group specimens include. The test results show that the cemented rockfill is a kind of elastoplastic material and the structure of the cemented rockfill is forced due to the effect of cementation. Compared with rockfill, the initial tangent elastic modulus, strength and cohesion of the cemented rockfill increase apparently, the residual strength and internal friction angle of the cemented rockfill increase a little, the maximum volume strain of the cemented rockfill decreases apparently.

Rice husk ash (RHA) was used as a mineral additive in concrete and replaced the ordinary cement by 0-30% in this study. The fresh concrete properties, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and elastic modulus as well as the chloride permeability of concretes mixed with different RHA contents was tested. The experimental results reveal that the fluidity, the mechanical behaviors and the chloride ion resistance of rice husk ash concrete decrease with the increasing replacement rate of RHA. The particle size of RHA limits its pozzolanic activity, which indicates that the controlled burning temperature and the fineness of RHA have significant impact on the properties of rice husk ash concrete.

Adaptive interleaving method implemented by a hybrid system is proposed to deal with burst errors caused by long and deep channel fades in free space optical communications (FSOC) through atmospheric turbulence. Actually, considerable memory can be saved by changing the interleaving depth at transmitter and receiver according to the updated burst information from channel estimator. Combining with error correcting codes, anti-burst performance of the proposed method is evaluated by simulations based on channel state information from laser transmission experiments over an 11.8 km urban link. Simulation results show that 1~2 or even higher orders of magnitude of a memory can be saved when comparing with the maximum memory interleaving. The results have proved that the cost of anti-burst performance can be minimized to 10% or even smaller by the adaptive interleaving method when joint use with error correcting codes.

In this paper, burst errors in uplink communication due to lags of the tracking system control in Satellite to Ground optical link was analyzed in detail. In order to make sure how about these bursts in uplink communication are affected by control frequency can, system model of the satellite terminal was founded, parameters of a satellite in sun synchronous Low Earth Orbit and detectors were set to initialize the simulations. The zenith angle of the link was set in the range of [0°, 70°]. The simulation results showed that the bursts due to lags of the tracking system control were different for communication links, but the bursts can be avoided by raising the control frequency to a certain level if it accessible.

The flow of the hydrogen has played an important role in the heat exchange in the inner bell. In this research, we have studied the volume distribution of the hydrogen in the inner bell through numerical simulation method, and we get the volume distribution law of the hydrogen when we change the axial angle and the tangential angle of the velocity of the hydrogen flowing into the inner bell while we do not change the speed of the hydrogen. This research could provide theory reference for the design and application of the structure of the coil base of the high performance hydrogen bell-type annealers later.

The wet flue gas desulfurization is the main technology used today in China. Aimed the sintering gas desulfurization tower, Fluent software is used here to simulate the flow in the tower with different gas entrance angle and velocity, and we have got the effect of sintering gas entrance angle and velocity on the flow in the tower. The result shows: an appropriate increase of the gas entrance velocity and a downward inclined angle will be helpful for extending the residence time in the tower of the sintering gas and it will also improve the flow in the tower. This research could provide reference for the design and application of new wet flue sintering gas desulfurization tower later.

During lignite pyrolysis process, there will produce large amounts of gas which is low calorific value, combustion difficult. This paper creatively put forward a program: high temperature and oxygen-containing flue gas of coal-fired mix combustion with low calorific value gas. Compared to mixing high calorific value fuel, the distinguishing feature of this program is ultra-low cost, and technically feasible. In this scheme, the stability of high-temperature and oxygen-containing flue gas is key technology. Through coal-fired experiments, we obtained generation rule of high-temperature and oxygen-containing flue gas, and summed up a diminishing marginal effect.

This paper analyzes the current energy structure and coal we use, based on clean coal technology in China, one of the current technology development status and prospects of coal were analyzed, and highlights China's Hunan province a coal for flue-cured tobacco production - biomass briquette mix, production test proved its superior performance, the desulfurization rate, burn rate of more than 90%, respectively, and 98%, suitable for promotion.

The synthetic stiffness measurement principle of Armature Components which is similar to the actual working condition has been proposed. The synthetic stiffness measurement system based on the measurement principle has been established, the composition of this system has been introduced and the realization methods of the single couples loading and torque and angle measurement has been introduced in detail. And related experiments has been conducted. Through analysis the experiment data, the performance of organization has been tested, and so does the rationality of the measurement principle which is proposed.

The flow in the burner is impacted by many factors, including the big bulk of the modern hot-blast stove, complex pipeline and too many valves. The length-width ratio of internal-combustion hot blast stoves is so high that non-uniform velocity distribution is easily brought forth along its length. Considering a real burner, a 1:5 scale model is established in this paper. The impact of the deflector on the velocity distribution of the nozzle exit is analyzed in the experiment, providing a basis for practical engineering design.

It is necessary to detect the aggregation dynamics and aggregation process of industry cluster for there are still some problems in the development of industrial cluster. The existing theories are less attention to the impacts of the social network of enterprises and their interactions on the industrial aggregation. We proposed a social network interaction model and research on the industrial aggregation process from the aspect of economic sociology. The impacts of signal effect, network effect and crowding effect on the dynamic micro-macro process of industrial aggregation are discussed and two possible phase transition and its causes in industrial aggregation process are explored. The simulation outcomes are good explanations for industrial aggregation process and made some useful implications for policy-making.

The heating bell with burners is an important heating device for the high performance hydrogen bell-type annealers. The arrangement of the burners has an important impact on the heating effect. In this study, we simulated a series of model with different location of burners under the same quantity of burners and the same heating power. The result shows: (1) Under the same quantity of burners and the same heating power, when we increase the number of rows of burners, the maximum temperature inside the furnace could be reduced, and the temperature distribution will become more uniform; (2)When we fixed the number of the row of the burners, if we move the upper burners to higher position to make the arrangement of burners more uniform, the temperature distribution inside the furnace will be more uniform, this will be good for the heat transfer to the higher parts of the annealers, and this will accelerate the heating process, improve the efficiency of annealing, reduce fuel consumption, and extend the life of the inner bell.

China has rich lignite resource, which has high moisture, low calorific value, short ignition period, etc. These characters limit lignite large-scale processing, utilization and transport also become difficult.Therefore, under our country's coal-dominated energy structure, lignite quality improvement technology can enhance the development and application for optimizing the energy structure. This paper will also introduce the development status of lignite quality improvement technology at home and abroad, and then give some insights for the future using of lignite.

Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SSE) plaza, being constructed in Shenzhen of China, is a complex high-rise building with a raised podium above ground level. The podium extends outwards from the tower structure at a maximum cantilever span of 36 meters. The lifted podium is a new concept conceived by architects but a big challenge confronting structural engineers. In this paper, the structural systems, including tower lateral resisting system, podium supporting system, floor system and foundation, are introduced. In order to evaluate the structural performance under the action of three earthquake levels specified by Chinese code, three models using MIDAS, ETABS and ABAQUS have been built; the results from the three software presented. It has been shown that the performance targets of all three design earthquake levels can be attained

In China, there is a vast area of tobacco producing, and the production condition in various regions is different. It is difficult for the traditional bulk tobacco curing barns with air rising to adjust the area with all conditions, and the intrinsic quality of cured tobacco is difficult to guarantee. We study on a new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation, and we analyze its performance through experiments. We tested the change of the temperature field in both the new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation and the traditional tobacco curing barn with air rising, the result shows: (1) Air moves in the new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation from top to bottom, compared with the traditional bulk tobacco curing barn with air rising, the new tobacco curing barn has a smaller amount of airflow, and it also has a small temperature difference on the same horizontal plane and a reasonable temperature difference on vertical direction, this is good for the curing of different maturity tobacco leaves; (2) Fuel of the new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation is one-time added, so the heat supply is stable, and the temperature changes quite gentle, but fuel of the traditional tobacco curing barn with air rising is many-time added, the temperature changes dramatic. (3) The new tobacco curing barn with double-way ventilation has forced ventilation channel and enhanced moisture channel to strengthen the ability of natural ventilation, so when power outages and other emergency situations happen, there is natural air convection in the tobacco curing barn, but the simple tobacco curing barn with air rising totally could not avoid the harm caused by power outages and other emergency situations. This research could provide reference for the design and application of new curing barn later.