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The W18O49 nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method with tungsten chloride as raw material and n-propanol as solvent. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) was modified for W18O49 nanoparticles (W18O49@PEG). The structure and morphology of W18O49 and W18O49@PEG were characterized by XRD and SEM. Methylene blue aqueous solution was used as wastewater adsorption model. And the comparative experiments with other absorbent materials, such as artificial zeolite and activated carbon were also conducted. The results revealed that after modifying by PEG-400, W18O49 has a better adsorption performance than other materials due to its large specific surface area and high surface energy. Finally adsorption circulation experiment was performed，the results indicate that the W18O49@PEG nanoparticles show great potential in the treatment of colored wastewater.

Water jet propulsion (WJP) with positive displacement pump (PD pump), in which the suction thrust of PD pump (Due to the effect of pump suction and the influence of the suction boundary layer) and the reaction thrust of water jet are used to push watercraft forward, has many advantages like high efficiency,low noise, high maneuverability, good adaptability to variable working conditions, simple transmission mechanism over traditional propulsion methods. A mathematical model is developed and the WJP theory with PD pump is analyzed. Numerical studies are carried out to study the suction thrust, reaction thrust, and propulsion efficiency of the thruster with Bernoullihyperbolic suction inlet-PD pump-Bernoulli hyperbolic nozzle. The results show that: 1) in the conditions of no cavitation in suction inlet and constant flow rate, the suction thrust is inversely proportional to the inlet diameter and reaches around 8.5% of the total thrust; 2) the reaction thrust increases with the decrease of the nozzle diameter; 3) the pump-suction coefficientvis proportional to the speed ratioμ; 4) the efficiency of WJP with PD pump is higher than with negative displacement pump under the same speed ratio. The related conclusions provide a basis for the design of high performance water propulsion unit.

The RAKE receiver has must been used in CDMA or 3G systems for its function to form the diversity reception of signals resulting from multi-path propagations. The basic condition for the implementation of RAKE receiver is that the spectrum spreading (SS) must be used in those systems. But that SS would not be existed in 4G system continuously, and OFDM and QAM would be used in that system instead. So the new method should be found to replace that SS code to separating those multi-path signals, making the RAKE receiver in 4G could be realized. This new method for the implementation of RAKE receiver in 4G System would be introduced in the paper, as well as the performance difference between those two kinds of Rake receiver.

Heat conductive materials, which widely used in the field like electronic information, electrical engineering and aerospace, are required high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, corrosive resistance, chemical stability and so on. In this paper, metal/unsaturated polyester (UP) sandwich composite is prepared to use as heat conductive material. Hollow and solid model are prepared to study their capacity of thermal transmission by software ANSYS and experiment. The results showed that capacity of solid model thermal transmission increased with increasing the number of wires. Equivalent thermal conductivity of solid composite model is 3 times more than that of pure UP. Heat transfer effect of hollow composite model is better than that of solid composite model, even though the latter has two layers of wires more than the former.

Classic RAKE demodulator(RAKEDE), multi-carrier coherent RAKEDE and RAKEDE with two antennas are given in the paper. According to those schemes provided, the GSNR, which means the gain of signal to noise ratio (SNR), for those three kinds of RAKEDE is derived, and the closed form of the expression for GSNR of those three kinds of RAKEDE is given in the paper. Comparing with those performance evaluation methods of RAKEDE existed, the method derived in this paper on the basis of diversity reception is more usable and easy to be accept.

It requires a large number of temporary ground wires for maintenance tasks in distribution network. Because the temporary ground wires can be grounded anywhere, it is difficult to check their states and control them. Currently solutions are generally expensive in city-scale. This paper presents a method that integrates the complex monitor, control and communication modules into a pocket computer key. The abundant of ground wires are controlled by a simple electric lock, which will downgrade the cost of whole system. This paper also proposed a graph-base temporary ground wire management algorithm, which utilizes the Boolean adjacent matrix to determine the ground operations. The experiment results show that algorithm is more efficiency the baseline of the Topological Analysis Algorithm and the Logic-based Analysis Algorithm.

According to the play formats supported by live555 are limited; it is inefficient and complex to play the stream data. This paper describes an IPTV set-top box video player based on chip BCM7466, simplifies the design and improves performance, realizes interaction between browser and streaming media server and plays the video stream with specified formats. It introduces the design scheme of STB software, a detailed description of the design and implementation process of each module, service control, current client, stream processing and control core. By testing, this player is stable.

As people for the need on more security, traditional fixed video surveillance cannot satisfied with people’s varying requirements. This paper demonstrates the framework of a set of mobile video surveillance which support CDMA2000/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA network, RTP protocol is chosen as the transport protocol and H.264 is chosen as the video compression standard. Select RTCP protocol gather packet loss fraction parameter that controls the transmission rate of RTP traffic. We analyze RTP/RTCP protocol and media data transmission process in video surveillance system; discuss the current video transmission method in video surveillance system, the problem of packet loss while transporting video data, and extract packet process of RTP packet.

Conduction characteristics of carbon black filled conductive rubber prepared in laboratory were investigated. The relationship of current and frequency under the sinusoidal AC excitation was analyzed and a new conductive chain model and equivalent circuit were established. Influences of the different amount of carbon black filled and pressure on frequency range were also studied. The results showed that the conductive rubber filled by carbon black had complex resistance characteristics. Resistance frequency domain of conductive rubber relatively increased with the increasing of the carbon black filler and pressure; while the capacitive reactance frequency domain of conductive rubber relatively decreased with the increasing of pressure.

As we know that ceria (CeO2), alumina (Al2O3), aluminum (Al) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) can improve the anti-aging properties of the rubber, mixed these materials with carbon black and filling conductive silicone rubber, some samples have been prepared. Have described the anti-aging method of the silicone rubber and discussed the test method of the changes in properties after aging. Have tested the changes of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity before and after the air aging test of the conductive silicone rubber which with or without addition of modified material. Have discussed the reasons why modified materials can improve the anti-aging performance of the conductive silicon rubber. The results show that with the addition of these types of nanomaterials the stability of mechanical and electrical properties of the conductive silicone rubber can be improved before or after aging treatment.

Expounding the connotation of the core competence of construction consultant enterprises and establishing the evaluation index system about core competence of construction consultant enterprises from five aspects which are the management,technology,economic benefit,human resources and market development.Using entropy weight method to determine the evaluation indexes weight, then applying grey correlation method to evaluate and compare the core competence by four enterprises.

Large scale wind farm output variation always deteriorates the system stability. To study this problem, this paper builds the model of power system with the integration of large-scale wind farm based on BPA. The simulation results show that large oscillations of voltage and rotor angle of system will happen, when three-phase short circuit fault occurs on the main line for transmitting wind power. With wind farm output decreasing, the transient stability and small-signal stability of power system will be improved.

Reactive and active power variation of large scale wind farms always lead to the instability of voltage and frequency. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a method of joining with frequency and voltage control loop of Voltage Source Converter HVDC (VSC-HVDC). Control loop of VSC-HVDC converter WFVSC (Wind Farm Side VSC) and GSVSC (Grid Side VSC) were detailed designed. By the frequency loop of WFSVSC, transient stability is greatly improved. Finally, based on the DIgSILENT/Power Factory simulation, the results show its validity and effectiveness.

In recent decades, China has done a great deal of effort in promotion of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology, but there are still many problems, especially in the northwest, north and other arid and semi-arid regions. This paper describes the present situation of China's agriculture irrigation, and analyses Obstacles of Chinese agricultural water-saving technology promotion from various perspectives. Some suggestions are given for existing problems.

Recently, research of non-square systems mainly focuses on fat system, and control approach to thin systems is less. This paper proposes a new method using improved selection control to square the systems and then design IMC controller for thin systems in which the number of output variables exceeds the number of input variables. This proposed method is applied to the control problem in which there is an output variable that is barely impact on the system. Then we use PSO method to seek the parameters. Then we can come to a conclusion that this method has better performance to reducing loop method through simulation. Moreover, this new method is simple and easy to implement.

Focused on the communication system of differentially encoded binary phase-shift keying (DBPSK/2DPSK), this paper studies on the influences of inter symbol interferences (ISI) on the bit error rate (BER) performance and derives the BER expression that is applicable for arbitrary sending probabilities of binary symbols using the knowledge of integration and probability theory, which is then demonstrated to be correct by the Monte Caro simulation method.

In reality, wireless communication channels are designed to serve for multiple users while multipath propagation interference (MPI) and other problems are deteriorating the quality of service, especially when modern wireless communication demands higher data rate giving that less and less radio spectrum resources are available. Compared to conventional techniques trying to solve the related problems, smart antenna (SA) may have shed new light on the solutions of these issues. The forming of broadcast beam of SA is studied in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical formulas for the forming of directional broadcast beam by the method of baseband-amplitude-weighting are derived, according to which the corresponding circuit diagram is given. Then the forming method for broadcast beam for SA by combining several directional radio beams is presented. Moreover, the computer simulation results of SA with 6 array elements are provided to demonstrate the accuracy and achievability of this beam-forming method.

Desertification has caused great harms to the ecological environment and socio-economic. Through many years test in Xinjiang desert area, some useful modes of desert governance can be implemented: (1) making use of advanced water-saving irrigation technology; (2) combining reasonable cropping patterns with higher economic value plants like arbors, shrubs and medicinal herbs planted in the desert, which not only plays the roles of windbreak and sand fixing, but also can gain some economic, ecological and social benefits.

There are mainly three measures for waste disposal: combustion, landfill and composting. Among them, combustion is believed to be the most efficient way. It is the most convenient way to reduce the amount of waste at utmost. Meanwhile, it is not only harmless, but contributes useful heat source. Therefore, most of developed countries employed combustion in waste disposal. Today, China is contributing 30 percent of the waste in the world; however, landfilling is still the most common way for waste disposal. To change this situation, the government of China has taken steps to generalize the use of combustion in waste disposal. Besides the policies by the government, another exciting thing is that the Beijing Honyuanmao CO. Ltd. Of environmental protection machinery successfully invented an advanced miniaturized continuous efficient refuse disposal system. after three years investigation. This invention finds a new way to develop environment friendly society, green economics and cyclic economics.

According to the shortage of the method in real estate investment decision, in order to supplement the deficiency of this one.this paper on the basis of comprehensive consideration of Effects of various factors of real estate project decision, this paper constructs the real estate investment decision-making multi-objective planning evaluation model.Into composite weights,determined by weightthrough the subjective evaluation method combined with the objective evaluation method,and by using the ideal point method (TOPSIS) to evaluate the real estate investment decision-making. This kind of method in view of the present real estate investment decision method is the present situation of the lack of certain to give support and complement, because real estate investment decision is a multi-objective process, so the method is introduced in this paper the method will be more close to the actual situation. Finally, combining with an example, this method is feasible and simple and practical, scientific and reasonable.

The traditional water laws in many countries in Europe and North America viewed groundwater as the property of the owners of the land above it. Land owners could use the groundwater under his land freely without considering the impact to his neighbours. Today, the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization have resulted excessive extraction of groundwater and pollution of groundwater quality in many countries and regions. The grim situation has prompted the change of the world's water law and made many regulations of groundwater protection come into being. Most of countries in the world have tried to control the extraction of groundwater by issuing licenses, and to protect groundwater from pollution by introducing water quality standards and environmental requirements. The article summarizes the rules relating to the protection of groundwater in the past and present water laws, and analyses the development trend of the groundwater protection in contemporary water laws and the process of international groundwater legislation. The laws specially used for groundwater protection are less. The legislative progress which realizes the sustainable utilization of groundwater is still very slow.

Heat conductive materials, which are widely used in the fields like electronic information, electrical engineering and aerospace, are required high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, corrosive resistance, chemical stability and so on. In this paper, steel/unsaturated polyester (UP) sandwich composite is designed to use as heat conductive material. The capacity of composite thermal transmission with steel wire arrangements in longitudinal and transverse directions are analyzed by software ANSYS. Finally, equivalent thermal conductivity of composite is calculated. The results show that capacity of composite’s thermal transmission increases quickly with increasing number of steel wire in the longitudinal direction，but it increases slowly with the increasing number of steel wire in the transverse direction.

Heat conductive materials, which widely used in the field like electronic information, electrical engineering and aerospace, are required high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, corrosive resistance, chemical stability and so on. In this paper, metal/unsaturated polyester (UP) composite is prepared to use as heat conductive material. Capacity of composite thermal transmission is analyzed by software ANSYS and experiment. The results show that the capacity of composite thermal transmission increases with increasing metal wire diameter and metal thermal conductivity. Average error between simulation and experimental data is 6.08%.

Wind energy conversion is the fastest-growing source of new electric generation in the world. The unforeseen damages of a component in a wind turbine have significant impact on the wind turbines, especially offshore ones. There has been a trend towards adoption of various forms of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis to know the deteriorating condition for both mechanical and electrial components, well in advance of a breakdown. This paper review the most recent advances in these areas with a special focus on offshore wind turbines. Different type of faults on offshore wind turbines are reviewed, including gearbox and bearing failures, generators failures, rotor failures and electrical failures. And then two widely-used methods(vibration analysis and oil monitoring) for predictive condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in offshore wind turbines are reviewed.

The optimal capacity-load-ratio has great significance to the distribution network’s planning. It’s an important technical indicator of Transforming Capacity Adequacy. In this paper, optimal capacity-load-ratio of multi-voltage distribution network is researched. The cost of construction and operation of distribution network is set as the optimization objective and the reserve life of substation is considered as an optimization variable. The impacts of distributed load factor, the safety operation index, the average power factor of transformer and reserve coefficient of load development are all analyzed. In optimization objective, the construction costs, maintenance cost, energy consumption cost, resource consumption cost and residual value are considered respectively. Finally, a local distribution network in the area of East China is taken as the simulation example and the optimal capacity-load-ratio of this distribution network is calculated. The simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the model established in the paper for distribution network planning.

A phase compensation method based on signal transfer principle of electronic transformer is presented. The causes of phase error in electronic transformer are analyzed. The phase-delay caused by Rogowski coil and time-delay in signal transferring process from high voltage side to merging unit are analyzed. A phase compensation method is proposed based on high sampling rate and linear interpolation. The simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed compensation method for electronic transformers.

In recent years, many large span roofs of airport waiting room and garage were destructed in the tropic storm, which have the characteristics of light mass, high flexibility, slight damping and low natural frequency. Wind loads general control the design of such structures. Thus, the tests of wind pressure with the rigid scale model in boundary layer wind tunnel were conducted in the structural design stage. This paper presents the results of characteristics of wind loads on large-span roof structure of the Guangzhou International Convention & Exhibition Center (GICEC) in frequency domain. The power spectrum densities, correlation coefficients, coherence functions and probability density function (PDF) were analyzed in detail. The results can be summarized as follows: (1)The power spectrum densities of fluctuating wind loads have the characteristics of vortex shedding and the Strouhal number is about 0.295; (2)The coherence coefficients decrease with the frequency and the spatial distance increase at both the along-wind and across-wind direction; (3)There are clearly negative skewed distributions for some pressure taps at the windward leading roof edge and much longer negative tails are observed, which follow Non-Gaussian distributions. The results presented in this paper are expected to be of considerable interest and of use to researchers and professionals involved in designing complex long-span roof structures.

The influence of ZnO and Nb2O5 additions on the sinterability, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.95Ca0.05)TiO3 (abbreviated as 95MCT hereafter) ceramic is investigated. XRD patterns indicate that MgTi2O5 secondary phase can be effectively suppressed by ZnO and Nb2O5 additions, which is beneficial for improving the microwave dielectric properties. Appropriate amount of Nb2O5 addition can effectively improve the Qf value of 95MCT ceramic, which is suggested to be ascribed to the reduced oxygen vacancies. When the ZnO: Nb2O5 mole ratio is 1.5 and the co-doping content is 0.25wt%, the optimal microwave dielectric properties can be obtained Qf=72730GHz(6.8GHz), εr=20.29 and τf=-6.84ppm/°C and the sintering temperature of 95MCT is lowered from 1400°C to 1320°C.

In order to optimize synchronization of wiper arm, a locomotive wiper controller of PWM and Fuzzy PID controller are proposed. The PWM controller is mainly designed of input control circuit, a central control unit, DC wiper motor pulse width modulation control and drive circuit, the motor stops the braking circuit, single-speed wiper motor of permanent magnet DC, etc. It can realize the high speed, low speed, intermission, stop function of wiper. The controller has values of stable performance, low noise, simple structure, etc. In locomotive wiper controller, Fuzzy PID controller combines the advantages of Fuzzy controller and PID controller, that it can achieve fast response, small overshoot. Fuzzy PID can also ensure the steady-state accuracy of the system, and the control performance is better than PID control and fuzzy control.

Shanxi downed-faulted basin mainly consists of Datong basin, Taiyuan basin, Linfen basin and Yuncheng basin, having thick quaternary stratum. Affected by geological structure, topography, stratum conditions and other factors, ground fissure disasters are well developed. Using the development and evolution of tectonic-type ground fissures in the faulted basin as research objects, from the two aspects of horst-graben structure and basal activity of fault belt, this study explored the causes of quaternary ground fissures in Shanxi down-faulted basin. Studying the distribution characteristics, formation mechanism and the disaster-causing effects has the theoretical significance of a better summary and understanding on ground fissures and other geological disasters, as well as providing theoretical basis for prediction and prevention means of the disasters.

Load density index method is one of widely used spatial load forecasting techniques in distribution planning. The determination of load density is a key task for this method. In order to overcome the drawback of traditional method which adopts analogy method to obtain load density and is hard to meet the demand of precision, a new approach based on intuitionistic fuzzy entropy and fuzzy clustering is proposed. The fuzzy clustering analysis is adopted to classify the set of load density and impacting factors into several grades. Then the intuitionistic fuzzy theory is utilized to describe the uncertainty that would appear in the load density selection. According to the intuitionistic fuzzy entropy the grade of load density can be selected, and the load density interval is available by the fuzzy clustering from the grade selected. An example is used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

As multi-antenna being used in MIMO system to transmit signals with the same carrier frequency, one physical channel will contain multi-virtual independent Rayleigh fading channel (VIRFC), among which very small relative time delay is existed, so the definition in MIMO theory for the independent Rayleigh fading channel (IRFC) in MIMO system is wrong. Based on the Shannon formula and the principle of phase-controlled antenna array, an SHPCA system would be presented in the paper to substitute the MIMO system, as well as the 3-dimensional channel capacity formula with its capacity proportional to the number of antennas and that of space division multiplex (SDM), which would have higher efficiency than Shannon formula. Also the principle and research method to obtain the gain of channel capacity would be given in the paper, so as the simulation results.

The diagonal-matrix-weight IMM (DIMM) algorithm can solve the IMM algorithm confusions of probability density functions (PDFs) and probability masses of stochastic process. Combingandfilter，the Fast-IMM algorithm has a better performance both in accuracy and reducing computational complexity. In order to improve the estimation accuracy and computational complexity，we apply Fast-IMM method to DIMM algorithm. Therefore，A new method, Fast diagonal-matrix-weight IMM (fast-DIMM) algorithm, is proposed in this paper to heighten the real-time application of DIMM algorithm. Simulations indicate that the proposed fast-DIMM algorithm is a competitive alternative algorithm to the IMM algorithm in real time application

With the harsh maritime environment, the accessibility of the site leads to the high cost directly. The cost on Operation & Maintenance for offshore wind farm is about twice of equivalent onshore wind farms. Consequently the study on the maintenance strategies is necessary. The objective of this work is to optimize the offshore wind farm maintenance strategies by network planning method, to minimize the total cost, by considing the effect of several factors, such as weather, boat availability, the location of the wind farm and ect.

In the condition of distributed generation, the DG’s islanding is an important operation, which can improve the reliability of distribution systems in the process of service restoration. In order to form an optimal islanding scheme when a fault occurs in distribution systems, this paper proposes the model and algorithm for islanding considering DG systems. This model is based on CSP, and solved by the back-tracking algorithm. At last, a simulation example verifies the efficiency and superiority of the proposed algorithm.

It’s a new challenge to power system stability with large wind farm’s integration. Taking the wind farm which consist of GE1.5MW double fed induction generators that has been modeled in the software PSS/E as the research object, The difference between the impact of wind farm and conventional generators integrated to grid in power system transient progress is analyzed. Besides, the impact on transient progress of increasing wind farm penetration and differnet interconnection with wind farm to power system is investigated.

Guangzhou West Tower (GZWT) is the second tallest building in China with 432m height. Based on the 3-D finite element model of this building, a reduced finite element model was first established for the wind-induced vibration analysis in the paper. Several models for the amplitude-dependent structural damping and aerodynamic damping ratio were adopted to evaluate the nonlinear damping effects on the wind-induced response of this building by using the surface wind pressure record in wind tunnel test. Wind-induced responses evaluated by amplitude-dependent damping were compared with those obtained from constant damping ratio assumption through the comprehensive studies for several wind load cases.

The effects of Amide type nucleating agents SX , talc and nucleating agents SX combination with talc on crystallization behavior of poly (L-lactic acid）(PLLA) were analyzed by means of Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)．The results of non-isothermal crystallization showed that SX is an efficient nucleating agent. The crystallization peak temperature and degree of crystallization of PLLA sample with 0.6 wt% SX are both higher than that of PLLA sample with 4 wt% Talc，which proved that the nucleating ability of SX is stronger．Nucleating agent SX and talc combination has obvious coordination effects, the sample of PLLA/0.2 wt % SX + 4 wt % talc has the minimal crystallization undercooling temperature, the highest crystallization peak temperature and crystallinity. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of PLA showed that when the four nucleating agents added in are all with the Avrami exponent n between 2.1-2.5, crystallization tended to be heterogeneous nucleation. When the nucleating agents added in are 0.6 wt%, the crystallization time is greatly decreased to 0.75min. Meanwhile, the PLLA crystallinity could be significantly increased by adding SX nucleating agents; besides, with the decrease of the isothermal crystallization temperature, the half crystallization time of the PLLA/0.6 wt% SX sample was decreased.

Thorough constructing steel-plastic composite material model and using ANSYS finite element analysis software, this research make a CAE analysis and experimental verification to the elastic modulus and flexural modulus of reinforced HDPE composites under different steel structures. The research found that the tensile modulus of steel mash reinforced HDPE linearly increases with the increase of steel wire diameter and the number of steel wires on the specimen width. When the steel wire diameter is 3mm, the tensile modulus is up to 10 times of the pure HDPE’s. The number of steel wires on the specimen length does not affect the tensile modulus. Similarly, the flexural modulus of the composite material also linearly increases with the increase of steel wire diameter and the number of steel wires on the specimen width. However, when the steel wire diameter is 3mm, the flexural modulus is only 2 times of the pure HDPE’s. The data simulated by ANSYS software has a very good agreement with the experiment results. Therefore it can be applied to the actual design.

The mechanism of dynamic instability of large span spatial structures under high wind speed should be studied carefully, but it has seldom been done before. In this paper, a double-layer cylindrical reticulated shell under a typical wind flow is taken as an example to study the dynamic instability of large span spatial structures under wind flows. The interaction of the shell and the flow is ignored and unsteady wind forces on the shell are obtained from wind tunnel tests. The dynamic instability status of the shell is determined by the Budiansky-Roth criterion. The results show that the double-layer cylindrical reticulated shell will become dynamically instable under high wind speed.

Electrofusion joint is used widely for PE pipes; the quality of the joint influences the safety of gas distribution system. Proven and reliable NDT technology of the joint is immature. The attenuation of ultrasound in PE is higher than for metals. Defects Include voids, cracks, bad fusion interfaces, dislocations of heating wires, could find be ultrasonic phased array testing. Examination time, surface of specimen, transducer, calibration block, resolution, examination range and couplant are recommend.

By means of magnetron sputtering, the Fe-Y coatings containing 15.4%, 20.7% and 32.7% Y (atom fraction), were deposited on stainless steels. The sputtered coatings were investigated by discontinuous weigh measurement. The results indicate that the oxidation kinetics can be divided into three stages, of which the first and second stages obey the parabolic rate law, while the oxidation kinetic curves of the last stage nearly exhibits horizontal lines. With the increase of the content of Y, the oxidation rate obviously increases. The external scale of the three kinds of alloys is substantially similar. After 24-h oxidation at 800 °C under 1 atm of air, the surface of sputtered coating is mainly transformed into three types of oxide scales, of which the thin outermost layer was Fe2O3, the innermost is YFeO3 mixed with double oxides including FeO or Fe3O4. Single Y2O3 layer was not formed on the surface or in the alloys. The results were disscussed by taking into account the defects in the metal oxide, the self-diffusion of the elements in the alloys, and the low diffusion of yttrium in iron.

This paper presents some selected results obtained from the field measurements of wind effects on Guangzhou International Sports Arena (GISA) during the passage of Typhoon Fanapi in September, 2010. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction and acceleration responses, etc., were simultaneously and continuously recorded during the typhoon. The measured acceleration data are analyzed to obtain the information on dynamic characteristics and wind-induced response of the large-span roof structure. The first four natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes of the roof are identified on the basis of the field measurements using the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method and comparisons with those calculated from the computational model of the roof are made. The damping ratios of the roof are also identified by the SSI method and compared with those estimated by the random decrement method, and the amplitude-dependent damping characteristics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the field measurement results are compared with the wind tunnel test results to examine the accuracy of the model test results and the adequacy of the techniques used in wind tunnel tests.

The creep deflections in service stage of bridges are discussed with the effect of the variable temperature and humidity on creep. A coefficient of equivalent duration of loading (CEDL) is proposed, which is an indicator of the effect of the variable temperature and humidity. According to the periodicity of the climate and based on the recorded and collected daily average temperature and humidity in five cities in Pearl River delta from 2002 to 2006, the monthly average CEDL and the yearly average CEDL are thus given to study the effect of the variable temperature and humidity on the creep deflection of a five spans single plane cable-stayed bridge. It is demonstrated that the effect of the variable temperature and humidity is notable in the early phase but inapparent in the later phase of the service stage of the bridge.

Dual-rotating plates lapping method is a new type of ball machining technology, in which the spin axis angle of the ball could wiggle up to 180°. An investigation was made to verify the motion model of the dual-rotating plates lapping. The ball motion parameters, such as revolution speed, spin speed and spin axis angle were detected experimentally. The results show that the calculated values and the measured ones of the ball motion parameters are almost identical. The motion model of the dual-rotating plates lapping method is thus verified valid.

The paper experimentally investigated the change of LF9 properties, including strength at room temperature and 350°C, plasticity and impact toughness, under various heat treatment schedules. Results show that the strength of LF9 decreases and plasticity and toughness increase after secondary aging, with the increase of solid solution temperature. Meanwhile, with the increase of aging time, the strength of LF9 increase and plasticity and toughness decrease. The investigation of optical metallography, TEM and phase analysis indicate that the phenomena are mainly caused by the precipitation of η, γ’and γ’’.

A reasonable finite element (FE) model of grinding temperature field has been developed on the basis of analysis of the transient temperature field， and three kinds of boundary conditions are loaded on the element of a moving heat source. The study, which is based on the finite element principle, has been carried out using the numerical simulation software ANSYS. Many results have been obtained including three dimensional temperature distribution map. The simulated results under different conditions show good agreement with the experimental results. With the comparison of the dry-grinding and wet-grinding, the result shows that the wet-grinding temperature with a proper grinding fluid is rather lower than the dry-grinding temperature. Finally, the variable coefficient of convective heat transfer and the different form heat source have been discussed in detail.

This paper discussed the principle about the Electrical Discharge Truing(EDT) technique ,which applied in lapping machining process, including EDT status with different environment and machining conditions, and an EDT equipment on a lapping machine have been developed and used in the experiment of EDT. Then some experiments were carried out for verifying of the EDT effect with different EDT parameters such as electric voltage, EDT gap, and the EDT media. Finally, the efficient and precision EDT was achieved with the suitable EDT parameters.

In this paper, some molding process parameters such as injection time, packing time, packing pressure and process temperature etc. were optimized by the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation (Moldex 3D) for injection molding of a plastic lens. Some experimental trials were carried out for verifying of the CAE simulation results with checking of the lens shrinkage and birefringence etc. as well. The results showed that, the recommended molding process parameters from CAE simulation and the actual experiments were almost the same, hence the CAE is a established tool based on the scientific approach to reduce experimental works, to identify critical parameters and to save substantial costs. Lately, a perfect plastic lens was gained by the Injection–Compression Molding process with the optimized process parameters by a CAE simulation.