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Introduction: Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS) are the types of MS that are mainly characterized by progression from the onset. Because of their rare prevalence the knowledge is less than other forms in the literature. Hence, the aim of this study is to exhibit the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with progressive onset MS (POMS). Method: POMS were evaluated between 2010 and 2014; demographic and clinical characteristics and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) findings were assessed. Results: The data of 32 patients with POMS was evaluated. The disease course was progressive without any relapse (PPMS) in 24 patients, whereas 8 patients experienced relapses (PRMS). The female/male ratio was 1 in total POMS population. The median age of onset was 40 (23-55) years in the whole group. There was no significant difference in median onset age between two subgroups (p=0.053). The most common presentation symptom was motor disturbances. Relapses occurred in the first 10 years of the disease in all patients. No difference was detected between groups according to oligoclonal band (OCB) positivity and increased IgG index (p=0.938, p=0.058) in the CSF analysis. Although the duration of disease was similar for two groups, the median EDSS score was higher in PPMS patients at the time of evaluation (p=0.020). Conclusion: This is the first study focusing on clinical course and laboratory findings of Turkish POMS patients. The comparison of clinical and laboratory findings of two groups mainly showed similar results. Future studies with larger sample size are needed to clarify if any difference exists between groups for the onset age and frequency of raised IgG index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory studies such as electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid examination and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) are valuable in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), . However, these laboratory studies may not show the characteristic findings in the very early stage of the disease. Here, we present a case of CJD who had atypical neurologic presentation initially and had only a focal parietal 2-(18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) hypometabolism as the sole imaging abnormality at the beginning. The patient progressed rapidly, and showed typical neurological findings for CJD. The brain MRI was performed two weeks after the FDG-PET study, finally demonstrated increased signal intensity in DWI in caudat nucleus, putamen, and cerebral cortex, especially on left parietal region. Imaging methods demonstrating functional alterations in the brain should be obtained in the early period in patients with normal MRI suspected having CJD. Repeating DWI could also be an effective diagnostic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]