1. Amantadine's Neuroprotective Effects in Rabbit Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Model.
- Author
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Unluer C, Bektasoglu PK, Erguder BI, Arikok AT, Ermutlu I, Gurer B, and Kertmen H
- Subjects
- Animals, Rabbits, Apoptosis drug effects, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Methylprednisolone pharmacology, Methylprednisolone therapeutic use, Caspase 3 metabolism, Spinal Cord drug effects, Spinal Cord pathology, Spinal Cord metabolism, Malondialdehyde metabolism, Male, Peroxidase metabolism, Xanthine Oxidase metabolism, Xanthine Oxidase antagonists & inhibitors, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Reperfusion Injury drug therapy, Reperfusion Injury prevention & control, Reperfusion Injury pathology, Spinal Cord Ischemia drug therapy, Spinal Cord Ischemia pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Amantadine pharmacology, Amantadine therapeutic use
- Abstract
Aim: To examine the effects of amantadine, a drug with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities on oxidative stress, tissue necrosis, apoptosis, and neurological recovery in an experimental rabbit spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) model., Material and Methods: A total of 32 rabbits were randomized into five groups: control, ischemia, vehicle, methylprednisolone (MP), and amantadine (AMT) (n=8/each). At 24th-hour neurological examination was performed, spinal cord tissues were collected, and biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed., Results: When ischemia and vehicle groups were compared with control group, significant increase was seen in serum and tissue caspase-3, malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels (p < 0.001); significant decrease was seen in serum and tissue catalase (CAT) levels (p < 0.001); and significant increase was seen in serum xanthine oxidase (XO) levels (p < 0.001). When the ischemia group and the MP and AMT groups were compared, low serum and tissue caspase-3 levels (p < 0.001), high serum and tissue CAT levels (p < 0.001), significantly low serum XO levels (p < 0.001), low serum and tissue MDA levels (p < 0.05) and tissue MPO levels (p < 0.001) were found. Both AMT and MP groups showed decreased histopathological score and higher number of normal neurons (p < 0.001) compared to ischemia group. Both AMT and MP showed better modified Tarlov scores compared to the ischemia group (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Our study found that AMT had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects on SCIRI. We used biochemical, microscopic, and ultrastructural approaches to demonstrate these effects. AMT might be a candidate medication for SCIRI prophylaxis and treatment.
- Published
- 2024
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