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Aim: The aim of the present study is to test the metacognitive model of depression in a Turkish sample using structural equation modeling., Method: A total of 305 university students participated in this study. The data concerning the levels of rumination, positive beliefs about rumination (positive beliefs), negative beliefs about uncontrollability and harm of rumination (negative beliefs-1), negative beliefs about interpersonal and social consequences of rumination (negative beliefs-2), lack of cognitive confidence, and depression was collected using a web-survey method., Results: The results indicated a number of necessary modifications that are needed in order to obtain a good fitting model for the data. The implementation of these theoretically consistent modifications resulted in a good fitting modified model. Accordingly, positive beliefs predicted depressive symptoms by means of rumination, negative beliefs-1, and negative beliefs-2. Negative beliefs-1 and negative beliefs-2 partially mediated the relationship between rumination and depression as well. In addition, the whole process with regard to the elucidation of depressive symptomatology significantly explained the change in the level of cognitive confidence., Conclusion: Overall, the findings obtained from the present study support the validity of the basic components of the metacognitive model of depression in a Turkish sample.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish adaptations of the Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale (PBRS) and the Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale (NBRS) in clinical and non-clinical samples., Method: While the non-clinical sample of the study consisted of 455 participants, the clinical sample was composed of 60 major depressive disorder (MDD), 30 panic disorder (PD) and 30 social anxiety disorder (SAD) cases., Results: The results of the factor analyses confirm the construct validity and original factor structure of the scales. Findings obtained from internal consistency and test-retest analyses indicated good reliability for the scales. Supporting the convergent validity of the scales, the correlations between metacognitions about rumination and depressive symptoms, rumination, metacognitions about worry, pathological worry, and anxiety symptoms were found to be positive and significant in the non-clinical sample. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that both scales have predictive validity for depressive symptoms after controlling for anxiety symptoms. As for extreme group comparisons, it supported the criterion-related validity of the scales. In discriminant clinical validity examinations, although both scales were able to differentiate MDD, PD, and SAD groups from healthy controls, they were unable to differentiate the depressive group from the other anxiety disorder groups., Conclusion: A comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the scales demonstrated that both PBRS and NBRS are reliable and valid assessment devices that can be used for research purposes both in clinical and non-clinical groups in Turkey.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the unique and interactive role of worry and rumination in anxiety and depression symptoms., Method: A total of 328 university students responded to questionnaires assessing worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire), rumination (Ruminative Response Styles Questionnaire-Short Form), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory and Trait Anxiety Inventory), and depression (Beck Depression Inventory)., Results: The results of regression analyses demonstrated that the relationship between worry and depressive symptoms is significant only if individuals engage in high levels of brooding type rumination. The main effect of worry was a significant predictor of trait anxiety, but it did not make a significant contribution to somatic anxiety. Brooding was found to be associated not only with depressive symptoms but also with both types of anxiety. Finally, the reflection type of rumination did not significantly predict depressive symptoms, somatic anxiety, or trait anxiety., Conclusion: Findings indicated that worry and rumination are related to both anxiety and depression. Clinical implications of these results were discussed in the light of the current literature.