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Recent detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in US dairy cows raises serious public health concerns (1-3). Pasteurization, a common process for ensuring milk safety, involves heating milk [...]

Leptospirosis, one of the most common zoonoses worldwide, (1,2) is caused by Leptospira spp. In humans, its most severe, multiorgan, potentially fatal form is known as Weil's disease (3). Leptospira [...]

Since the arrival of clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza A(H5N1) in North America in late 2021, frequent mammal spillover events have occurred in a diverse range of species, including 1 human [...]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses pose a threat to wild birds and poultry globally, and HPAI H5N1 viruses are of even greater concern because of their frequent spillover into [...]

The recent discovery that dairy cattle can be infected by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the H5N1 subtype (2,2), in combination with the virus's propensity to replicate in [...]

The Poxviridae family comprises large double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate animals, including humans (1). Many poxviruses, particularly those belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus [...]

Q fever is an occupational zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative bacterium (1). Ruminant farmers, laboratory workers, dairy workers, and veterinarians are at particular risk for infection. Humans usually [...]

To the Editor: Since 1999, vaccinia virus (VACV) has been isolated frequently from dairy cattle and humans (1-3). During bovine vaccinia outbreaks, VACV can be transmitted to farmers and those [...]