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The use of bees and bee products for therapeutic purposes in human and veterinary medicine is called apitherapy. Natural products have been used throughout human history to protect against and treat diseases. In recent years, the emergence of drug resistance and the occurrence of adverse effects associated with the indiscriminate and irregular use of pharmacological agents have prompted humanity to pursue alternative solutions. One of the most significant solutions is the administration of bee products. The use of bee products in apitherapy applications includes honey, bee venom, pollen, propolis, beeswax, royal jelly, perga and apilarnil (bee larvae). In general, apitherapy products with a wide range of indications are widely used in various system diseases and some dermatologic problems and various effects of these products such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo have been investigated in many different studies. Apitherapy is less common in veterinary practice than in human medicine. Additionally, bee products are employed in the treatment of other animal diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders, otitis, sinusitis, ophthalmic conditions, dermatological disorders, and skin care. Additionally, bee products are employed as food supplements for animals. The most prevalent additive in animal food is bee pollen. It has been demonstrated to promote growth, reduce mortality and prevent morbidity. Apitherapy has gained importance in the field of veterinary medicine in recent years in order to prevent both human health and economic losses, especially in the treatment of animals consumed as food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beekeeping plays a crucial role in supporting agricultural sustainability and the economy through pollination and the production of honey and other bee products. Among these products is apilarnil, a less known substance derived from drone larvae that provides health benefits. Apilarnil is rich in essential nutrients and has been reported to have favorable effects on the reproductive system, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular health. In addition to its natural medicinal properties, its nutritional and pharmaceutical potential is increasingly recognized, leading to the commercial production of apilarnil. This bee product is very important for health as it contains amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, hormones and antioxidants. Apilarnil is recognized as a complete food and is included in various food products. Research emphasizes the androgenic, estrogenic, antioxidant and immune system boosting effects of apilarnil. Animal studies indicate its potential to improve reproductive health, reduce stress and promote growth and development. It also shows promise in protecting against oxidative stress and improving general health. In this review, information on apilarnil and its uses is compiled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apitherapy is an integrative treatment method that has been relied upon for centuries, using honeybee products, primarily bee venom, for healing many human ailments. Bee venom can be administered to the human body through manual injection, topically, or directly via bee stings. Bee venom contains various bioactive molecules such as peptides and enzymes, which possess significant biotherapeutic potential in treating inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous studies in the literature have identified the biological activities of bee venom components and have focused on developing the potential use of apitoxin and its constituents as next-generation drugs. The aim of this review is to summarize the collection of bee venom, its main components, fundamental biological properties, and therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis is used plant resins collected by honey bees from the buds, leaves or shell cracks of trees such as pine, eucalyptus, maple, poplar, chestnut, plum; wax is a bee product produced by mixing bees with various secretions and partially with pollen and used for various purposes in the hive. The components in its structure gave the propolis antimicrobial, antitumoral, antifungal and antiseptic properties. For this reason, it has been used for the healing of wounds, the treatment of dental caries or disinfection since ancient times. Today, the use of propolis, which is determined to support the immune system, has become more common. The availability of many products produced using propolis has also facilitated its usability. Products such as cream, lotion, and toothpaste produced in recent years contribute positively to the treatment of various diseases. Especially in recent years, the use of propolis in the treatment and recovery of cancer that causes the death of one out of every six people has drawn attention and many studies have been conducted on this subject. Propolis is also used in different areas such as healing wounds, eliminating dermatological problems, protecting oral and dental health. In this review, the healing and preventive effects of propolis are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey production and beekeeping practices are more common in the Eastern Black Sea region. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, experience and attitudes the use of personal and professional apitherapy of pediatric nurses working in the pediatric clinics of the largest hospitals in the Eastern Black Sea region. The study was conducted with 227 pediatric nurses who volunteered to participate in the study, working in six hospitals in Turkey's Eastern Black Sea region. In this study, there is a correlation between gender, having child, clinical experience, and the use of apitherapy. Honey is the most common apitherapeutic product used by nurses both for personal (40,4%) and clinical use (39,1%). Nurses stated that they do not know bee venom, and they know very little about propolis and royal jelly. The nurses listed their positive experiences concerning honey's capacity to "alleviate cough symptoms, treat gastritis, strengthen immune system, effectively heal wounds and burns" and their negative experiences concerning its side effects, such as allergy, dizziness, headache, and itching". It is important that nurses take responsibility for the apitherapy method included in complementary and alternative medicine methods and that nurses can use evidence-based apitherapy methods. It was recommended that nurses should be knowledgeable and careful about the benefits and side effects of apitherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apiculture is an important breeding area that contributes to the country's economy and the products obtained from beekeeping are of great importance for human health. From past to present, bee products are used as nutrient supplements and mecial treatments because they contain biologically active substances. This area of research is known as apitherapy in which bee venom is of particular importance. Apitoxin, also known as bee venom, is a substance produced in the poison glands of the abdominal cavity of the bee and it has many biological effects (e.g. immune system, central and peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, antibacterial, fungicide, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antiarthritis, anticancer, and wound healing effects). In this article, the physical and chemical properties of bee venom, biological effects, production, and its use is summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]