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Your search keyword '"Weinmayr, Gudrun"' showing total 12 results
Start Over Author "Weinmayr, Gudrun" Publisher umea universitet, yrkes- och miljomedicin
12 results on '"Weinmayr, Gudrun"'

1. Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Incidence of Brain Tumor : the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)

Author

Andersen, Zorana J., Pedersen, Marie, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Stafoggia, Massimo, Galassi, Claudia, Jørgensen, Jeanette T., Nilsson Sommar, Johan, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Oftedal, Bente, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Schwarze, Per, Pyko, Andrei, Pershagen, Göran, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Poulsen, Aslak H., Tjønneland, Anne, Vaclavik Bräuner, Elvira, Peeters, Petra H., Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Jaensch, Andrea, Nagel, Gabriele, Lang, Alois, Wang, Meng, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Grioni, Sara, Marcon, Alessandro, Krogh, Vittorio, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Migliore, Enrica, Vermeulen, Roel, Sokhi, Ranjeet, Keuken, Menno, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Vineis, Paolo, Cesaroni, Giulia, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana J., Pedersen, Marie, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Stafoggia, Massimo, Galassi, Claudia, Jørgensen, Jeanette T., Nilsson Sommar, Johan, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Oftedal, Bente, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Schwarze, Per, Pyko, Andrei, Pershagen, Göran, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Poulsen, Aslak H., Tjønneland, Anne, Vaclavik Bräuner, Elvira, Peeters, Petra H., Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Jaensch, Andrea, Nagel, Gabriele, Lang, Alois, Wang, Meng, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Grioni, Sara, Marcon, Alessandro, Krogh, Vittorio, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Migliore, Enrica, Vermeulen, Roel, Sokhi, Ranjeet, Keuken, Menno, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Vineis, Paolo, Cesaroni, Giulia, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, and Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and brain tumor risk is sparse and inconsistent. Methods: In 12 cohorts from 6 European countries, individual estimates of annual mean air pollution levels at the baseline residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM projects: particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5, ≤10, and 2.5–10 μm in diameter (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse), PM2.5 absorbance, nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx) and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations of air pollutant concentrations and traffic intensity with total, malignant, and nonmalignant brain tumor, in separate Cox regression models, adjusting for risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Of 282194 subjects from 12 cohorts, 466 developed malignant brain tumors during 12 years of follow-up. Six of the cohorts also had data on nonmalignant brain tumor, where among 106786 subjects, 366 developed brain tumor: 176 nonmalignant and 190 malignant. We found a positive, statistically nonsignificant association between malignant brain tumor and PM2.5 absorbance (hazard ratio and 95% CI: 1.67; 0.89–3.14 per 10–5/m3), and weak positive or null associations with the other pollutants. Hazard ratio for PM2.5 absorbance (1.01; 0.38–2.71 per 10–5/m3) and all other pollutants were lower for nonmalignant than for malignant brain tumors. Conclusion: We found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 absorbance indicating traffic-related air pollution and malignant brain tumors, and no association with overall or nonmalignant brain tumors.

Published
2018
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2. Is there an association between ambient air pollution and bladder cancer incidence? : Analysis of 15 European cohorts

Author

Pedersen, Marie, Stafoggia, Massimo, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Andersen, Zorana J., Galassi, Claudia, Sommar, Johan, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Oftedal, Bente, Krog, Norun H., Aamodt, Geir, Pyko, Andrei, Pershagen, Göran, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L., Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Sørensen, Mette, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Tjønneland, Anne, Peeters, Petra H., Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Vermeulen, Roel, Eeftens, Marloes, Plusquin, Michelle, Key, Timothy J., Jaensch, Andrea, Nagel, Gabriele, Concin, Hans, Wang, Meng, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Grioni, Sara, Marcon, Alessandro, Krogh, Vittorio, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Stayner, Leslie T., Kogevinas, Manolis, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Sokhi, Ranjeet, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Vineis, Paolo, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Pedersen, Marie, Stafoggia, Massimo, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Andersen, Zorana J., Galassi, Claudia, Sommar, Johan, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Oftedal, Bente, Krog, Norun H., Aamodt, Geir, Pyko, Andrei, Pershagen, Göran, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L., Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Sørensen, Mette, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Tjønneland, Anne, Peeters, Petra H., Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Vermeulen, Roel, Eeftens, Marloes, Plusquin, Michelle, Key, Timothy J., Jaensch, Andrea, Nagel, Gabriele, Concin, Hans, Wang, Meng, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Grioni, Sara, Marcon, Alessandro, Krogh, Vittorio, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Stayner, Leslie T., Kogevinas, Manolis, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Sokhi, Ranjeet, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Vineis, Paolo, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, and Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution contains low concentrations of carcinogens implicated in the etiology of urinary bladder cancer (BC). Little is known about whether exposure to air pollution influences BC in the general population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and BC incidence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We obtained data from 15 population-based cohorts enrolled between 1985 and 2005 in eight European countries (N=303431; mean follow-up 14.1 yr). We estimated exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx), particulate matter (PM) with diameter <10μm (PM10), <2.5μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10μm (PM2.5-10), PM2.5absorbance (soot), elemental constituents of PM, organic carbon, and traffic density at baseline home addresses using standardized land-use regression models from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects project. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We used Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and meta-analyses to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) for BC incidence. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: During follow-up, 943 incident BC cases were diagnosed. In the meta-analysis, none of the exposures were associated with BC risk. The summary HRs associated with a 10-μg/m(3) increase in NO2 and 5-μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 were 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-1.08) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.63-1.18), respectively. Limitations include the lack of information about lifetime exposure. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of an association between exposure to outdoor air pollution levels at place of residence and risk of BC. PATIENT SUMMARY: We assessed the link between outdoor air pollution at place of residence and bladder cancer using the largest study population to date and extensive assessment of exposure and comprehensive data on personal risk factors such as smoking. We found no association between the levels

Published
2018
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3. Air pollution and incidence of cancers of the stomach and the upper aerodigestive tract in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)

Author

Nagel, Gabriele, Stafoggia, Massimo, Pedersen, Marie, Andersen, Zorana J, Galassi, Claudia, Munkenast, Jule, Jaensch, Andrea, Sommar, Johan, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Oftedal, Bente, Krog, Norun H, Aamodt, Geir, Pyko, Andrei, Pershagen, Göran, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Sørensen, Mette, Tjønneland, Anne, Peeters, Petra H, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Vermeulen, Roel, Eeftens, Marloes, Plusquin, Michelle, Key, Timothy J, Concin, Hans, Lang, Alois, Wang, Meng, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Grioni, Sara, Marcon, Alessandro, Krogh, Vittorio, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo-Uria, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Vineis, Paolo, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Nagel, Gabriele, Stafoggia, Massimo, Pedersen, Marie, Andersen, Zorana J, Galassi, Claudia, Munkenast, Jule, Jaensch, Andrea, Sommar, Johan, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Oftedal, Bente, Krog, Norun H, Aamodt, Geir, Pyko, Andrei, Pershagen, Göran, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Sørensen, Mette, Tjønneland, Anne, Peeters, Petra H, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Vermeulen, Roel, Eeftens, Marloes, Plusquin, Michelle, Key, Timothy J, Concin, Hans, Lang, Alois, Wang, Meng, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Grioni, Sara, Marcon, Alessandro, Krogh, Vittorio, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo-Uria, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Vineis, Paolo, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, and Weinmayr, Gudrun

Abstract

Air pollution has been classified as carcinogenic to humans. However, to date little is known about the relevance for cancersof the stomach and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). We investigated the association of long-term exposure to ambient airpollution with incidence of gastric and UADT cancer in 11 European cohorts. Air pollution exposure was assigned by land-useregression models for particulate matter (PM) below 10mm (PM10), below 2.5mm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10mm (PMcoarse),PM2.5absorbance and nitrogen oxides (NO2and NOX) as well as approximated by traffic indicators. Cox regression modelswith adjustment for potential confounders were used for cohort-specific analyses. Combined estimates were determined withrandom effects meta-analyses. During average follow-up of 14.1 years of 305,551 individuals, 744 incident cases of gastriccancer and 933 of UADT cancer occurred. The hazard ratio for an increase of 5mg/m3of PM2.5was 1.38 (95% CI 0.99; 1.92)for gastric and 1.05 (95% CI 0.62; 1.77) for UADT cancers. No associations were found for any of the other exposures consid-ered. Adjustment for additional confounders and restriction to study participants with stable addresses did not influencemarkedly the effect estimate for PM2.5and gastric cancer. Higher estimated risks of gastric cancer associated with PM2.5wasfound in men (HR 1.98 [1.30; 3.01]) as compared to women (HR 0.85 [0.5; 1.45]). This large multicentre cohort study showsan association between long-term exposure to PM2.5and gastric cancer, but not UADT cancers, suggesting that air pollutionmay contribute to gastric cancer risk.

Published
2018
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4. Outdoor air pollution and risk for kidney parenchyma cancer in 14 European cohorts

Author

Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Pedersen, Marie, Stafoggia, Massimo, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Andersen, Zorana J., Galassi, Claudia, Sommar, Johan, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Oftedal, Bente, Krog, Norun H., Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Pyko, Andrei, Pershagen, Göran, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L., Östenson, Claes Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Sørensen, Mette, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Tjønneland, Anne, Peeters, Petra H., Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Plusquin, Michelle, Key, Timothy J., Jaensch, Andrea, Nagel, Gabriele, Föger, Bernhard, Wang, Meng, Tsai, Ming Yi, Grioni, Sara, Marcon, Alessandro, Krogh, Vittorio, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Migliore, Enrica, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Sokhi, Ranjeet, Kooter, Ingeborg, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Eeftens, Marloes, Vermeulen, Roel, Vineis, Paolo, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, Commission of the European Communities, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), and dIRAS RA-I&I RA

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cancer Research, Lung Neoplasms, NO2, Cohort Studies, kidney parenchyma, Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin, LUNG-CANCER, RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA, Risk Factors, USE REGRESSION-MODELS, PARTICULATE MATTER, Air Pollution, Journal Article, cancer, Humans, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, EXPOSURE, Particle Size, Vehicle Emissions, Medicine(all), Air Pollutants, Cancer och onkologi, Science & Technology, MORTALITY, ESCAPE PROJECT, cohort, Environmental Exposure, Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Middle Aged, INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES, Kidney Neoplasms, Europe, Oncology, PM2.5 ABSORBENCY, Cancer and Oncology, Female, Gasoline, Particulate Matter, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 1112 Oncology And Carcinogenesis, air pollution, kidney parenchyma, cancer, cohort, Meta-Analysis
Abstract

Several studies have indicated weakly increased risk for kidney cancer among occupational groups exposed to gasoline vapors, engine exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other air pollutants, although not consistently. It was the aim to investigate possible associations between outdoor air pollution at the residence and the incidence of kidney parenchyma cancer in the general population. We used data from 14 European cohorts from the ESCAPE study. We geocoded and assessed air pollution concentrations at baseline addresses by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM10 , PM2.5 , PMcoarse , PM2.5 absorbance (soot)) and nitrogen oxides (NO2 , NOx ), and collected data on traffic. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses to calculate summary hazard ratios (HRs). The 289,002 cohort members contributed 4,111,908 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 14.2 years) 697 incident cancers of the kidney parenchyma were diagnosed. The meta-analyses showed higher HRs in association with higher PM concentration, e.g. HR=1.57 (95%CI: 0.81-3.01) per 5μg/m(3) PM2.5 and HR=1.36 (95%CI: 0.84-2.19) per 10(-5) m(-1) PM2.5 absorbance, albeit never statistically significant. The HRs in association with nitrogen oxides and traffic density on the nearest street were slightly above one. Sensitivity analyses among participants who did not change residence during follow-up showed stronger associations, but none were statistically significant. This study provides suggestive evidence that exposure to outdoor PM at the residence may be associated with higher risk for kidney parenchyma cancer; the results should be interpreted cautiously as associations may be due to chance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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5. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in 15 European cohorts within the ESCAPE project

Author

Andersen, Zorana J., Stafoggia, Massimo, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Pedersen, Marie, Galassi, Claudia, Jørgensen, Jeanette T., Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Oftedal, Bente, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Aamodt, Geir, Pyko, Andrei, Pershagen, Göran, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L., Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Tjønneland, Anne, Peeters, Petra H., Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Plusquin, Michelle, Key, Timothy J., Jaensch, Andrea, Nagel, Gabriele, Lang, Alois, Wang, Meng, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Fournier, Agnes, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Baglietto, Laura, Grioni, Sara, Marcon, Alessandro, Krogh, Vittorio, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Migliore, Enrica, Tamayo-Uria, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Vermeulen, Roel, Sokhi, Ranjeet, Keuken, Menno, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Vineis, Paolo, Cesaroni, Giulia, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana J., Stafoggia, Massimo, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Pedersen, Marie, Galassi, Claudia, Jørgensen, Jeanette T., Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Oftedal, Bente, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Aamodt, Geir, Pyko, Andrei, Pershagen, Göran, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L., Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Tjønneland, Anne, Peeters, Petra H., Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Plusquin, Michelle, Key, Timothy J., Jaensch, Andrea, Nagel, Gabriele, Lang, Alois, Wang, Meng, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Fournier, Agnes, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Baglietto, Laura, Grioni, Sara, Marcon, Alessandro, Krogh, Vittorio, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Migliore, Enrica, Tamayo-Uria, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Vermeulen, Roel, Sokhi, Ranjeet, Keuken, Menno, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Vineis, Paolo, Cesaroni, Giulia, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, and Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women. METHODS: In 15 cohorts from nine European countries, individual estimates of air pollution levels at the residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) and Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts – Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter (TRANSPHORM) projects: particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5μm, ≤10μm, and 2.5–10μm in diameter (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse, respectively); PM2.5 absorbance; nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx); traffic intensity; and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations between breast cancer and air pollutants using Cox regression models, adjusting for major lifestyle risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 74,750 postmenopausal women included in the study, 3,612 developed breast cancer during 991,353 person-years of follow-up. We found positive and statistically insignificant associations between breast cancer and PM2.5 {hazard ratio (HR)=1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 1.51] per 5 μg/m(3)}, PM10 [1.07 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.30) per 10 μg/m(3)], PMcoarse[1.20 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.49 per 5 μg/m(3)], and NO(2) [1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.07 per 10 μg/m(3)], and a statistically significant association with NOx [1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 20 μg/m(3), p=0.04]. CONCLUSIONS: We found suggestive evidence of an association between ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women.

Published
2017
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6. Development of West-European PM2.5 and NO2 land use regression models incorporating satellite-derived and chemical transport modelling data

Author

de Hoogh, Kees, Gulliver, John, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V, Marshall, Julian D, Bechle, Matthew J, Cesaroni, Giulia, Pradas, Marta Cirach, Dedele, Audrius, Eeftens, Marloes, Forsberg, Bertil, Galassi, Claudia, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Katsouyanni, Klea, Korek, Michal, Künzli, Nino, Lindley, Sarah J, Lepeule, Johanna, Meleux, Frederik, de Nazelle, Audrey, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Nystad, Wenche, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Peters, Annette, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, Rouil, Laurence, Udvardy, Orsolya, Slama, Rémy, Stempfelet, Morgane, Stephanou, Euripides G, Tsai, Ming Y, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Brunekreef, Bert, Vienneau, Danielle, Hoek, Gerard, de Hoogh, Kees, Gulliver, John, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V, Marshall, Julian D, Bechle, Matthew J, Cesaroni, Giulia, Pradas, Marta Cirach, Dedele, Audrius, Eeftens, Marloes, Forsberg, Bertil, Galassi, Claudia, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Katsouyanni, Klea, Korek, Michal, Künzli, Nino, Lindley, Sarah J, Lepeule, Johanna, Meleux, Frederik, de Nazelle, Audrey, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Nystad, Wenche, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Peters, Annette, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, Rouil, Laurence, Udvardy, Orsolya, Slama, Rémy, Stempfelet, Morgane, Stephanou, Euripides G, Tsai, Ming Y, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Brunekreef, Bert, Vienneau, Danielle, and Hoek, Gerard

Abstract

Satellite-derived (SAT) and chemical transport model (CTM) estimates of PM2.5 and NO2 are increasingly used in combination with Land Use Regression (LUR) models. We aimed to compare the contribution of SAT and CTM data to the performance of LUR PM2.5 and NO2 models for Europe. Four sets of models, all including local traffic and land use variables, were compared (LUR without SAT or CTM, with SAT only, with CTM only, and with both SAT and CTM). LUR models were developed using two monitoring data sets: PM2.5 and NO2 ground level measurements from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) and from the European AIRBASE network. LUR PM2.5 models including SAT and SAT+CTM explained ~60% of spatial variation in measured PM2.5 concentrations, substantially more than the LUR model without SAT and CTM (adjR(2): 0.33-0.38). For NO2 CTM improved prediction modestly (adjR(2): 0.58) compared to models without SAT and CTM (adjR(2): 0.47-0.51). Both monitoring networks are capable of producing models explaining the spatial variance over a large study area. SAT and CTM estimates of PM2.5 and NO2 significantly improved the performance of high spatial resolution LUR models at the European scale for use in large epidemiological studies.

Published
2016
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7. Arterial blood pressure and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution : an analysis in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)

Author

Fuks, Kateryna B., Weinmayr, Gudrun, Foraster, Maria, Dratva, Julia, Hampel, Regina, Houthuijs, Danny, Oftedal, Bente, Oudin, Anna, Panasevich, Sviatlana, Penell, Johanna, Nilsson Sommar, Johan, Sørensen, Mette, Tiittanen, Pekka, Wolf, Kathrin, Xun, Wei W., Aguilera, Inmaculada, Basagaña, Xavier, Beelen, Rob, Bots, Michiel L., Brunekreef, Bert, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Caracciolo, Barbara, Cirach, Marta, de Faire, Ulf, de Nazelle, Audrey, Eeftens, Marloes, Elosua, Roberto, Erbel, Raimund, Forsberg, Bertil, Fratiglioni, Laura, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Hilding, Agneta, Jula, Antti, Korek, Michal, Krämer, Ursula, Künzli, Nino, Lanki, Timo, Leander, Karin, Magnusson, Patrik K., Marrugat, Jaume, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Östenson, Claes-Göran, Pedersen, Nancy L., Pershagen, Göran, Phuleria, Harish C., Probst-Hensch, Nicole M., Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Schikowski, Tamara, Schindler, Christian, Schwarze, Per E., Søgaard, Annee J., Sugiri, Dorothea, Swart, Wim J., Tsai, Ming-Yi, Turunen, Anu W., Vineis, Paolo, Peters, Annette, Hoffmann, Barbara, Fuks, Kateryna B., Weinmayr, Gudrun, Foraster, Maria, Dratva, Julia, Hampel, Regina, Houthuijs, Danny, Oftedal, Bente, Oudin, Anna, Panasevich, Sviatlana, Penell, Johanna, Nilsson Sommar, Johan, Sørensen, Mette, Tiittanen, Pekka, Wolf, Kathrin, Xun, Wei W., Aguilera, Inmaculada, Basagaña, Xavier, Beelen, Rob, Bots, Michiel L., Brunekreef, Bert, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Caracciolo, Barbara, Cirach, Marta, de Faire, Ulf, de Nazelle, Audrey, Eeftens, Marloes, Elosua, Roberto, Erbel, Raimund, Forsberg, Bertil, Fratiglioni, Laura, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Hilding, Agneta, Jula, Antti, Korek, Michal, Krämer, Ursula, Künzli, Nino, Lanki, Timo, Leander, Karin, Magnusson, Patrik K., Marrugat, Jaume, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Östenson, Claes-Göran, Pedersen, Nancy L., Pershagen, Göran, Phuleria, Harish C., Probst-Hensch, Nicole M., Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Schikowski, Tamara, Schindler, Christian, Schwarze, Per E., Søgaard, Annee J., Sugiri, Dorothea, Swart, Wim J., Tsai, Ming-Yi, Turunen, Anu W., Vineis, Paolo, Peters, Annette, and Hoffmann, Barbara

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to air pollution is hypothesized to elevate arterial blood pressure (BP). The existing evidence is scarce and country-specific. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the cross-sectional association of long-term traffic-related air pollution with BP and prevalent hypertension in European populations. METHODS: Fifteen population-based cohorts, participating in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), were analysed. Residential exposure to particulate matter and nitrogen oxides was modelled with land use regression using a uniform protocol. Traffic exposure was assessed with traffic indicator variables. We analysed systolic and diastolic BP in participants medicated and non-medicated with BP lowering medication (BPLM) separately, adjusting for personal and area-level risk factors and environmental noise. Prevalent hypertension was defined as ≥ 140 mmHg systolic, or ≥ 90 mmHg diastolic BP, or intake of BPLM. We combined cohort-specific results using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: In the main meta-analysis of 113,926 participants, traffic load on major roads within 100 m of the residence was associated with increased systolic and diastolic BP in non-medicated participants (0.35 mmHg [95% CI: 0.02-0.68] and 0.22 mmHg [95% CI: 0.04-0.40] per 4,000,000 vehicles × m/day, respectively). The estimated odds ratio for prevalent hypertension was 1.05 [95% CI: 0.99-1.11] per 4,000,000 vehicles × m/day. Modelled air pollutants and BP were not clearly associated. CONCLUSIONS: In this first comprehensive meta-analysis of European population-based cohorts we observed a weak positive association of high residential traffic exposure with BP in non-medicated participants, and an elevated OR for prevalent hypertension. The relationship of modelled air pollutants with BP was inconsistent.

Published
2014
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8. Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality : an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project

Author

Beelen, Rob, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Stafoggia, Massimo, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Wolf, Kathrin, Samoli, Evangelia, Fischer, Paul, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Vineis, Paolo, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Modig, Lars, Havulinna, Aki S, Lanki, Timo, Turunen, Anu, Oftedal, Bente, Nystad, Wenche, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Ostenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pershagen, Göran, Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup, Overvad, Kim, Ellermann, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Peeters, Petra H, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Sugiri, Dorothea, Krämer, Ursula, Heinrich, Joachim, de Hoogh, Kees, Key, Timothy, Peters, Annette, Hampel, Regina, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Künzli, Nino, Schindler, Christian, Schikowski, Tamara, Adam, Martin, Phuleria, Harish, Vilier, Alice, Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise, Declercq, Christophe, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Katsoulis, Michail, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, Beelen, Rob, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Stafoggia, Massimo, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Wolf, Kathrin, Samoli, Evangelia, Fischer, Paul, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Vineis, Paolo, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Modig, Lars, Havulinna, Aki S, Lanki, Timo, Turunen, Anu, Oftedal, Bente, Nystad, Wenche, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Ostenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pershagen, Göran, Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup, Overvad, Kim, Ellermann, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Peeters, Petra H, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Sugiri, Dorothea, Krämer, Ursula, Heinrich, Joachim, de Hoogh, Kees, Key, Timothy, Peters, Annette, Hampel, Regina, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Künzli, Nino, Schindler, Christian, Schikowski, Tamara, Adam, Martin, Phuleria, Harish, Vilier, Alice, Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise, Declercq, Christophe, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Katsoulis, Michail, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Brunekreef, Bert, and Hoek, Gerard

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Few studies on long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality have been reported from Europe. Within the multicentre European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), we aimed to investigate the association between natural-cause mortality and long-term exposure to several air pollutants. METHODS: We used data from 22 European cohort studies, which created a total study population of 367 251 participants. All cohorts were general population samples, although some were restricted to one sex only. With a strictly standardised protocol, we assessed residential exposure to air pollutants as annual average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with diameters of less than 2·5 μm (PM2·5), less than 10 μm (PM10), and between 10 μm and 2·5 μm (PMcoarse), PM2.5 absorbance, and annual average concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx), with land use regression models. We also investigated two traffic intensity variables-traffic intensity on the nearest road (vehicles per day) and total traffic load on all major roads within a 100 m buffer. We did cohort-specific statistical analyses using confounder models with increasing adjustment for confounder variables, and Cox proportional hazards models with a common protocol. We obtained pooled effect estimates through a random-effects meta-analysis. FINDINGS: The total study population consisted of 367 251 participants who contributed 5 118 039 person-years at risk (average follow-up 13·9 years), of whom 29 076 died from a natural cause during follow-up. A significantly increased hazard ratio (HR) for PM2·5 of 1·07 (95% CI 1·02-1·13) per 5 μg/m(3) was recorded. No heterogeneity was noted between individual cohort effect estimates (I(2) p value=0·95). HRs for PM2·5 remained significantly raised even when we included only participants exposed to pollutant concentrations lower than the European annual mean limit value of 25 μg/m(3) (HR 1·06, 95% CI 1·00-1·12) or below 20 μg/m(3) (1·07, 1·01-1·13). INTER

Published
2014
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9. Air Pollution and Non-Malignant Respiratory Mortality in 16 Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project

Author

Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Samoli, Evangelia, Beelen, Rob, Stafoggia, Massimo, Jovanovic Andersen, Zorana, Hoffmann, Barbara, Fischer, Paul, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Vineis, Paolo, Xun, Wei, Hoek, Gerard, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Modig, Lars, Jousilahti, Pekka, Lanki, Timo, Turunen, Anu, Oftedal, Bente, Nafstad, Per, Schwarze, Per E, Penell, Johanna, Fratiglioni, Laura, Andersson, Niklas, Pedersen, Nancy, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Thorup Eriksen, Kirsten, Tjønneland, Anne, Becker, Thomas, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Eeftens, Marloes, Peeters, Petra H, Meliefste, Kees, Marcon, Alessandro, Krämer, Ursula, Kuhlbusch, Thomas Aj, Vossoughi, Mohammad, Key, Timothy, de Hoogh, Kees, Hampel, Regina, Peters, Annette, Heinrich, Joachim, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Stempfelet, Morgane, Vilier, Alice, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Pedeli, Xanthi, Katsoulis, Michalis, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Brunekreef, Bert, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Samoli, Evangelia, Beelen, Rob, Stafoggia, Massimo, Jovanovic Andersen, Zorana, Hoffmann, Barbara, Fischer, Paul, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Vineis, Paolo, Xun, Wei, Hoek, Gerard, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Modig, Lars, Jousilahti, Pekka, Lanki, Timo, Turunen, Anu, Oftedal, Bente, Nafstad, Per, Schwarze, Per E, Penell, Johanna, Fratiglioni, Laura, Andersson, Niklas, Pedersen, Nancy, Korek, Michal, De Faire, Ulf, Thorup Eriksen, Kirsten, Tjønneland, Anne, Becker, Thomas, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Eeftens, Marloes, Peeters, Petra H, Meliefste, Kees, Marcon, Alessandro, Krämer, Ursula, Kuhlbusch, Thomas Aj, Vossoughi, Mohammad, Key, Timothy, de Hoogh, Kees, Hampel, Regina, Peters, Annette, Heinrich, Joachim, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Stempfelet, Morgane, Vilier, Alice, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Pedeli, Xanthi, Katsoulis, Michalis, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Brunekreef, Bert, and Katsouyanni, Klea

Abstract

Rationale: Prospective cohort studies have shown that chronic exposure to particulate matter and traffic related air pollution is associated with reduced survival. However, the effects on non-malignant respiratory mortality are less studied and those reported are less consistent. Objectives: We have investigated the relationship of long-term exposure to air pollution and non-malignant respiratory mortality in 16 cohorts with individual level data within the multi center European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). Methods: Data from 16 ongoing cohort studies from Europe were used. The total number of subjects was 307,553. There were 1,559 respiratory deaths during follow-up. Measurements: Air pollution exposure was estimated by land use regression models at the baseline residential addresses of study participants and traffic-proximity variables were derived from geographical databases, following a standardized procedure within ESCAPE study. Cohort-specific hazard ratios obtained by Cox proportional hazard models from standardized individual cohort analyses were combined using meta-analyses. Main Results: We found no significant associations between air pollution exposure and non-malignant respiratory mortality. Most hazard ratios were slightly below unity, with the exception of the traffic-proximity indicators. Conclusions: In this study of 16 cohorts there was no association between air pollution exposure and non malignant respiratory mortality.

Published
2014
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10. Performance of multi-city land use regression models for nitrogen dioxide and fine particles

Author

Wang, Meng, Beelen, Rob, Bellander, Tom, Birk, Matthias, Cesaroni, Giulia, Cirach, Marta, Cyrys, Josef, de Hoogh, Kees, Declercq, Christophe, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Eeftens, Marloes, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Forastiere, Francesco, Galassi, Claudia, Grivas, Georgios, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Ineichen, Alex, Korek, Michal, Lanki, Timo, Lindley, Sarah, Modig, Lars, Mölter, Anna, Nafstad, Per, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nystad, Wenche, Olsson, David, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Ragettli, Martina, Ranzi, Andrea, Stempfelet, Morgane, Sugiri, Dorothea, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Udvardy, Orsolya, Varró, Mihaly J., Vienneau, Danielle, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Wolf, Kathrin, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Hoek, Gerard, Brunekreef, Bert, Wang, Meng, Beelen, Rob, Bellander, Tom, Birk, Matthias, Cesaroni, Giulia, Cirach, Marta, Cyrys, Josef, de Hoogh, Kees, Declercq, Christophe, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Eeftens, Marloes, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Forastiere, Francesco, Galassi, Claudia, Grivas, Georgios, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Ineichen, Alex, Korek, Michal, Lanki, Timo, Lindley, Sarah, Modig, Lars, Mölter, Anna, Nafstad, Per, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nystad, Wenche, Olsson, David, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Ragettli, Martina, Ranzi, Andrea, Stempfelet, Morgane, Sugiri, Dorothea, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Udvardy, Orsolya, Varró, Mihaly J., Vienneau, Danielle, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Wolf, Kathrin, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Hoek, Gerard, and Brunekreef, Bert

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Land use regression (LUR) models have been developed mostly to explain intraurban variations in air pollution based on often small local monitoring campaigns. Transferability of LUR models from city to city has been investigated, but little is known about the performance of models based on large numbers of monitoring sites covering a large area. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop European and regional LUR models and to examine their transferability to areas not used for model development. METHODS: We evaluated LUR models for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM; PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance) by combining standardized measurement data from 17 (PM) and 23 (NO2) ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) study areas across 14 European countries for PM and NO2. Models were evaluated with cross-validation (CV) and hold-out validation (HV). We investigated the transferability of the models by successively excluding each study area from model building. RESULTS: The European model explained 56% of the concentration variability across all sites for NO2, 86% for PM2.5, and 70% for PM2.5 absorbance. The HV R2s were only slightly lower than the model R2 (NO2, 54%; PM2.5, 80%; PM2.5 absorbance, 70%). The European NO2, PM2.5, and PM2.5 absorbance models explained a median of 59%, 48%, and 70% of within-area variability in individual areas. The transferred models predicted a modest-to-large fraction of variability in areas that were excluded from model building (median R2: NO2, 59%; PM2.5, 42%; PM2.5 absorbance, 67%). CONCLUSIONS: Using a large data set from 23 European study areas, we were able to develop LUR models for NO2 and PM metrics that predicted measurements made at independent sites and areas reasonably well. This finding is useful for assessing exposure in health studies conducted in areas where no measurements were conducted.

Published
2014
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11. Long-term exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular mortality : an analysis of 22 European cohorts

Author

Beelen, Rob, Stafoggia, Massimo, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Brunekreef, Bert, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Wolf, Kathrin, Samoli, Evangelia, Houthuijs, Danny, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Salomaa, Veikko, Lanki, Timo, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Oftedal, Bente, Aamodt, Geir, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pyko, Andrei, Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup, Tjønneland, Anne, Becker, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Bots, Michiel, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Sugiri, Dorothea, Krämer, Ursula, Heinrich, Joachim, de Hoogh, Kees, Key, Timothy, Peters, Annette, Cyrys, Josef, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Dratva, Julia, Ducret-Stich, Regina, Vilier, Alice, Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise, Stempfelet, Morgane, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Marcon, Alessandro, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Katsoulis, Michail, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vineis, Paolo, Hoek, Gerard, Beelen, Rob, Stafoggia, Massimo, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Brunekreef, Bert, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Wolf, Kathrin, Samoli, Evangelia, Houthuijs, Danny, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Salomaa, Veikko, Lanki, Timo, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Oftedal, Bente, Aamodt, Geir, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pyko, Andrei, Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup, Tjønneland, Anne, Becker, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Bots, Michiel, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Sugiri, Dorothea, Krämer, Ursula, Heinrich, Joachim, de Hoogh, Kees, Key, Timothy, Peters, Annette, Cyrys, Josef, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Dratva, Julia, Ducret-Stich, Regina, Vilier, Alice, Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise, Stempfelet, Morgane, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Marcon, Alessandro, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Katsoulis, Michail, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vineis, Paolo, and Hoek, Gerard

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but it remains unclear as to whether specific pollutants are related to specific cardiovascular causes of death. Within the multicenter European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), we investigated the associations of long-term exposure to several air pollutants with all cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, as well as with specific cardiovascular causes of death. METHODS: Data from 22 European cohort studies were used. Using a standardized protocol, study area-specific air pollution exposure at the residential address was characterized as annual average concentrations of the following: nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx); particles with diameters of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), less than 10 μm (PM10), and 10 μm to 2.5 μm (PMcoarse); PM2.5 absorbance estimated by land-use regression models; and traffic indicators. We applied cohort-specific Cox proportional hazards models using a standardized protocol. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled effect estimates. RESULTS: The total study population consisted of 367,383 participants, with 9994 deaths from CVD (including 4,992 from ischemic heart disease, 2264 from myocardial infarction, and 2484 from cerebrovascular disease). All hazard ratios were approximately 1.0, except for particle mass and cerebrovascular disease mortality; for PM2.5, the hazard ratio was 1.21 (95% confidence interval = 0.87-1.69) per 5 μg/m and for PM10, 1.22 (0.91-1.63) per 10 μg/m. CONCLUSION: In a joint analysis of data from 22 European cohorts, most hazard ratios for the association of air pollutants with mortality from overall CVD and with specific CVDs were approximately 1.0, with the exception of particulate mass and cerebrovascular disease mortality for which there was suggestive evidence for an association.

Published
2014
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12. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts : prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)

Author

Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana J, Beelen, Rob, Samoli, Evangelia, Stafoggia, Massimo, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Fischer, Paul, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J, Brunekreef, Bert, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Sommar, Johan, Forsberg, Bertil, Modig, Lars, Oudin, Anna, Oftedal, Bente, Schwarze, Per E, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Ostenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pershagen, Göran, Eriksen, Kirsten T, Sørensen, Mette, Tjønneland, Anne, Ellermann, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Peeters, Petra H, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Key, Timothy J, de Hoogh, Kees, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Vilier, Alice, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Bamia, Christina, Vineis, Paolo, Hoek, Gerard, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana J, Beelen, Rob, Samoli, Evangelia, Stafoggia, Massimo, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Fischer, Paul, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J, Brunekreef, Bert, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Sommar, Johan, Forsberg, Bertil, Modig, Lars, Oudin, Anna, Oftedal, Bente, Schwarze, Per E, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Ostenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pershagen, Göran, Eriksen, Kirsten T, Sørensen, Mette, Tjønneland, Anne, Ellermann, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Peeters, Petra H, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Key, Timothy J, de Hoogh, Kees, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Vilier, Alice, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Bamia, Christina, Vineis, Paolo, and Hoek, Gerard

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution is suspected to cause lung cancer. We aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung cancer incidence in European populations. METHODS: This prospective analysis of data obtained by the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects used data from 17 cohort studies based in nine European countries. Baseline addresses were geocoded and we assessed air pollution by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), less than 2·5 μm (PM2·5), and between 2·5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2·5absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses. FINDINGS: The 312 944 cohort members contributed 4 013 131 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 12·8 years), 2095 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed. The meta-analyses showed a statistically significant association between risk for lung cancer and PM10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1·22 [95% CI 1·03-1·45] per 10 μg/m(3)). For PM2·5 the HR was 1·18 (0·96-1·46) per 5 μg/m(3). The same increments of PM10 and PM2·5 were associated with HRs for adenocarcinomas of the lung of 1·51 (1·10-2·08) and 1·55 (1·05-2·29), respectively. An increase in road traffic of 4000 vehicle-km per day within 100 m of the residence was associated with an HR for lung cancer of 1·09 (0·99-1·21). The results showed no association between lung cancer and nitrogen oxides concentration (HR 1·01 [0·95-1·07] per 20 μg/m(3)) or traffic intensity on the nearest street (HR 1·00 [0·97-1·04] per 5000 vehicles per day). INTERPRETATION: Particulate matter air pollution contributes to lung cancer incidence in Europe. FUNDING: European Community's Seventh Framework Programme.

Published
2013
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