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The article discusses the Openflow switching protocol in the U.S. It states that OpenFlow help solve hard problems in internet protocol (IP) , monitor, metering, and servicing user traffic. It provides a workable alternative to multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) traffic engineering. It also mentions that Openflow has the capability to disrupt the market positions of high-end routers and switch.

Focuses on the deployment of multiprotocol label switching on the myriad network-processor-based systems. Ability of the protocol to speed network traffic; Management of traffic flows; Development of network-processor from networking equipment manufacturers.

Focuses on the popularity of the multiprotocol label-switching (MPLS) routers in the Internet industry. Integration between virtual private networking, internet protocol security, and firewalls; Characteristics of MPLS routers; Upgrade of the designs of the routers.

Explores how multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) helps remove bottleneck in business data and telecommunication networks. Streamlined packet routing; Place of MPLS in the Internet; Enhancements for moving packets across the network; Benefits to network capabilities.

Reports on the development of a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) for Internet Protocol-based quality of service. Definition of MPLS; Functions of Constraint-Based Routing Label Distribution Protocol and Reservation Protocol; Features of the Internet Protocol version 6.

Reports on the challenges faced by the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) and generalized MPLS in optical networks. Data-forwarding behavior in MPLS; Algorithms used in MPLS/GMPLS architecture; Issues and trade-offs to be considered in selecting a protocol to carry multicast traffic in an MPLS network.

Discusses the issues on the design of virtual private networks (VPN) that take advantage of multiprotocol label switching. Applications of Layer 3 MPLS VPN to Internet service providers; Goal of the MPLS VPN technology; How MPLS VPN technology works.

Reports on the importance of the integration of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) optical networks. Separate technologies used in ATM and IP; Application of the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) for ATM and IP integration; Encapsulation modes defined in ATM/MPLS mediation.

The article focuses on the significance of enterprise wide area networks (WAN) and the development of multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). According to sources, the global spread of high-speed digital subscriber lines and all-fiber backbones means Internet performance is good enough for most applications. However, the price-performance gap is considered to be narrowing all the time, although the Internet has always been an inexpensive option, when it comes to private networks. Moreover, providers of today focus on consumer business and may not be updating their private WAN infrastructures. Meanwhile, MPLS has some big advantages for the service provider, because its packets are switched rather than routed. Thus, network managers must allow for bandwidth into and out of the MPLS cloud. INSET: VNOS: SMOOTH NETWORK OPERATORS.

The article discusses the benefits of voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) trunking and hosting services on Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks. VoIP services, which are provided by carriers such as AT&T, MCI and Verizon, enable companies to place local and long distance VoIP calls across their wide area networks. VoIP trunking services let enterprises cut telecommunication costs, and simplify planning and end-user calling without losing the benefits of the virtual private network. INSET: Eggs In the Basket.

Focuses on the benefits of International Multi-protocol Label Switch (MPLS)-based services in Europe. Accommodation of data or voice, video or text in one network; Analysis of MPLS-based services and their competitors; Impact of the services on frame relay and ATM.

Focuses on the implications of the changes of optical networking for network managers. Dominance of the Multiprotocol Lambda Switching (MPLS) in the Internet protocol; Ways of designing optical networks; Importance of the MPLS to computer network.

The article discusses the Health Care Interpreter Network (HCIN), an innovative voice-over-IP system (VoIP) system that provides audio- and videoconferencing to connect interpreters with patients, at the San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, California. HCIN relies on a pair of Cisco Systems call center products, several types of video phones, and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network to provide shared translation services to the medical professionals and patients. It also presents the key benefits of the HCIN.

This article offers ideas on planning for the addition of video to the Internet Protocol (IP) network. Before building out the network for digital video, consider whether users will be internal or external to the organization, or both. On the enterprise backbone, video likely will be streamed for corporate news or training. This can either be scheduled broadcasts or video on demand. One can decrease the video traffic over the network and allow more video streams to be sent simultaneously if one sacrifice the clarity of the feed. Another piece to the quality puzzle is video resolution. Many codecs can make video appear at a higher resolution than it really is by softening or algorithmically doubling the resolution. Servers may not be part of the physical cabling, but they are an integral part of how one deliver video content to the customers. They capture video from the source and encode it. Video can be captured and encoded in a variety of formats, then distributed in near-real time or stored for later transmission. Beyond the hardware: the actual distribution method is important: For one-to-one distribution, one need plenty of bandwidth and horsepower to support the maximum number of expected streams. The biggest obstacle to enterprise video is the lack of quality of service (QoS). If organizations control their wide area network, Multiprotocol Label Swtiching is a good solution for QoS.

Reports on Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and whether it is ready to revolutionize service-provider routing. Why MPLS circuits are referred to as VPNs; Information about MPLS applications; Description of MPLS VPN standards; Assertion that MPLS will lower service provider costs, and eventually businesses will achieve savings.

The article focuses on Daniel Awduche, routing and transport specialists in the electronics industry. Awduche developed his version of multi-protocol label switching. Years are spent by some researchers working on architectures and technologies that are never adopted by industry or that are used only as transition technologies. Awduche work at several companies like Marconi Communications and Movaz Networks. His work at these diverse companies formed the basis for active packet routing over optical networks. He also helped to form special optical traffic-engineering groups within the Internet Engineering Task Force.

This article reports that largely because of their flexibility, Internet Protocol (IP) virtual private networks (VPNs) have rapidly grown in popularity, with both connection- oriented and connectionless options now available. The connectionoriented approach uses such IP-based tunneling protocols as Internet Protocol Secure, point-to-point tunneling protocol or Layer 2 tunneling protocol to create multiple point-to-point connections. While this approach provides for any-to-any connectivity, it requires a full-mesh configuration, which is timeconsuming to maintain.

Introduces a flow-based routing approach that integrates circuit and packet technologies. Key features of the technology; Growth of multiprotocol label switching service.

Focuses on the importance of multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) on the speed and manageability of network traffic. Performance of network-layer routing; Scability of the network layer and facilitates traffic engineering through an Internet telephony; Development of label-switch paths.

Reports that the Elematics Inc. is promoting a software framework based on generalized multiprotocol label switching for use as a generic control-plane environment to link circuits and packets.

Reports on the application of multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) and virtual private networks in optical Ethernet systems. Applications of the Ethernet technology; Benefits of using MPLS; Operations needed to set up a point-to-point Ethernet service between two customer sites.

Focuses on the emergence of companies that provide multiprotocol label switching (MLPS) standard-based quality-of-service options for Internet protocol networks. Cisco Systems Inc.'s release of a product that packs MPLS into its Internetwork Operating System; MPLS implementation in the insurance industry. INSET: STANDARDS GROUPS PUSH MPLS.

Reports that chip, software, systems vendors at the Supercomm trade show 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia are touting their support of the multiprotocol label switching (MLPS) standard. Differing visions of the protocol's role; Background on MPLS method; Motivation for shifting to Internet Protocol.

Reports on the generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) that lets router provision paths through the network core. Origin of GMPLS; Why GMPLS is called a peer model; Vendors participating in the GMPLS standards talks at the 2001 Supercomm trade show.

The article outlines the top tips of Steve Garson, president of MPLS-Experts, on negotiating an MPLS contract in the Asia-Pacific region. Garson's first tip is to ask how many points of presence a carrier has in areas the service is needed. He states that carriers want to sell options, so the negotiator should know exactly what he wants before going into the negotiation.

The article reports that Tazz Networks has won a contract for its policy control system, a Sun-based control-plane platform that sets policy for network admission and bandwidth usage. The Tazz software works with Internet Protocol networks, ideally with those throttled by flow-central mechanisms such as multiprotocol lable switching, though Cardone emphasized that MPLS-aware switches are not required.

The article reports that NextHop Technologies Inc., has included wireless LAN switching in its switching and routing software for OEMs and enterprise customers. NextHop has integrated wireless-controller and wireless-access-point modules from Legra Systems with GateD software for Layer 2 switching, Layer 3 routing and multiprotocol label switching in its UNS 4.0 Dynamic Network Architecture. Voice-over-wireless LAN is promoted with sub-50-millisecond roaming between access points. Accordingly, it will ease the in-building portability of dual-mode handsets that support both digital cellular and Wi-Fi operation.

This article reports that Avici Systems Inc. has received Internet Engineering Task Force draft status on its Rapid concept for determining alternate-routing paths. Avici has been working on Rapid for two years, testing it with low-latency voice and video traffic. Rapid works within existing multiprotocol label-switching environments, but provides the hard-failover guarantees of time-division multiplexed services that carriers need. At the time of shortest-path-first route calculations, primary and alternate next hops are selected.

This article presents information on Hammerhead Systems Inc., which is a Mountain View, California, startup that brought out its first ATM-to-Internet Protocol systems last spring. Hammerhead is adding new software services to the systems to support the Internet Engineering Task Force's Dry Martini spec for transport-layer aggregation. Hammerhead said that its HSX 6000 system is a platform that integrates traffic at Layer 2.5, borrowing elements from the data-link and network layers. The first IETF standards for traffic tunneling over multiprotocol label switching were offered by Lucas Martini of Level 3 Communications Inc. and hence became known as the Martini specs.

This article reports that the accepted wisdom of 1998 posited that, by mid-decade, all provisioning optical platforms would speak the generalized version of Multi-Protocol Label Switching, that Internet protocol packets or Ethernet frames would be carried directly over the optical physical layer and that Sonet inevitably would be replaced as a time-division-multiplexed optical dinosaur. All innovation stopped dead in mid- 2000, as the telecom collapse revealed the massive overbuild in fiber networks. But, almost imperceptibly, developers are again considering collapsed protocols over fiber backbones.

Comments on efforts to create a mix of Ethernet, Sonet and multiprotocol label switching. Similarity with efforts in the mid-1990s to create asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual circuit; Proposals to make Internet Protocol traffic suited to traffic bins created for ATM.

Reports on the launch of the MetroMapper 622 framer/mapper device from Infineon Technologies. Features and applications for Layer 2 virtual local area networks and multiprotocol label switching; Capabilities of the Ethernet-over-sonet device; Performance; Market price.

Reports on the joint proposal of Motorola Computer Group and NTT Corp. for a multicast version of the multi-protocol label switching standard to the Internet Engineering Task Force. Role of multicasting in improving quality-of-service capabilities and deterministic behavior for broadband Internet protocol transport; Ability to allow clients to use standard internal gateway protocols and group management protocols.

Reports on the emergence of Copenhagen, Denmark engineering firm Tpack A/S as a center of expertise for semiconductors and firmware that meet Metro Ethernet Forum standards. Broadway family of single-chip switch engines and the Norton multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) mapping engine as centerpiece of Tpack's proprietary technology.

Reports on Masergy Communications Inc.'s offering of a virtual private LAN service based on its international MPLS backbone. Benefits offered to users.

Reports on the move by Caspian Networks Inc. to full availability with its Apeiro flow-based router. Intended use of routers for scaled core services that replace large asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches or routers; Offering of ATM-equivalent QoS prioritization along with Layer 2 multiprotocol label switching to define case intellectual property flow monitoring.

Focuses on the agreement between the Metro Ethernet Forum and the Multi Protocol Label Switching Forum in the U.S. Focus of most forum activities on Layer 2 data-link unification; Problems associated with packet transports; Standards for physical and transport layers.

Reports on the liaison effort of the Metro Ethernet Forum and the Multi-Protocol Label Switching Forum. Areas of collaboration; Work in standard Ethernet service definitions.

Details the multiprotocol label switching standard viable for virtual private networks. Compatibility of MPLS to transport structure; Concepts of MPLS from Cisco Systems Inc.; Characterization of the Internet protocol in the network core.

Reports on the application of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) as the network infrastructure that would unite all services and bring quality-of-service (QoS) to the network. Disadvantages of ATM; Efforts to develop standards for QoS; Development of the multiprotocol label switching.

Reports on the launching of Eacutequipe Communications' services to help telecommunication carriers in the deployment of multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) in their asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) core networks. Characteristics of the company's ATM/MPLS Core Interworking Strategy; Views of the company regarding capital expenditures on MPLS; Information on the company's 3200 platform.

Reports the implementation of MPLS standard by corporations in the United States. Factor influencing the carrier investment in MPLS; Candidacy of automotive component maker Johnson Controls for MPLS; Reason on the delay of the utilization of VoIP apps and VPN services by financing company GATX Capital.

Reports on Cisco Systems' addition of multiprotocol label switching guaranteed bandwidth services to its IOS 12.0 software. Benefits of the effort to service providers; Availability of the MPLS functionality as a free download to the company's customers.

Provides information on Ethernet Services Model Phase 1, the first of the three technical specifications being developed by the Metro Ethernet Forum which call for switching Ethernet connections over a Multiprotocol Label Switching-based IP metro network. Ways in which the specifications make Ethernet a faster, cheaper and simpler alternative to frame relay; Basis of the bandwidth control mechanisms of the Ethernet Virtual Circuits; Emergence of Wireless Media Extensions, which will enable Wireless Fidelity networks to give higher priority to real-time traffic such as voice.

Questions the effectivity of the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) on networkers in the United States. Aim of MPLS on routers; Implications of MPLS in controlling traffic flows; Working of MPLS on the idea of flows or Forwarding Equivalence Classes.

The article discusses the best practices for designing real-time and high-throughput system on chips modern (SoC) system software. It explores the challenging hybrid system design that evolves rapidly with the interconnectivity of processor cores and high bandwidth. It reveals the SoC complexity from three approaches to system design including Asymmetric Multi-Processing (AMP), hypervisors, and Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) with core isolation.

The article discusses plans by Los Angeles, California-based Virgin Entertainment Group to switch to Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Wide-Area Networks (WAN) and Voice-Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) in 2006. Key issues examined include an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the company ditching its carrier-based virtual private network voice service in favor of data MPLS and integrated voice. The pitching process for MPLS WAN and VoIP at Virgin Entertainment Group was also cited.

The article presents an interview with Robert Fort, the director of information technology for Virgin Entertainment Group in North America in 2006. Key issues discussed include background information on Fort and his professional career, as well as his key role in the company's information technology projects including its strategy for its Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) backbone and multimedia applications. Fort also shared his views on the company's deployment of MPLS Wide-Area Networks and his after-work predilections.

The article discusses the convergence of voice, data, and video services in 2005. It identifies the impact of such services on information technology architects. The deployment of voice and data services over a Multiprotocol Label Switching core is mentioned. It also offers information on the complexity of carrier selection.

Focuses on the emergence of several computer network protocols developed by standards bodies and industry forums as May 2004. Purpose of the Multiprotocol Label Switching standard; Information on the Virtual Private LAN Service; Definition of IP Flow Information Export.