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Los diversos compuestos de cromo (Cr) representan una gran amenaza al ambiente y al hombre debido a sus efectos nocivos. Las intoxicaciones se manifiestan en lesiones renales, gastrointestinales, del hígado, del riñón, de la glándula tiroides y la médula ósea, y la velocidad corporal de eliminación es muy lenta. Las industrias de curtiduría de pieles utilizan sales de Cr en sus procesos, que generan cantidades de efluentes líquidos con alto contenido de este metal, el cual, debe ser removido a fin de cumplir con la legislación ambiental. En esta revisión se presenta una descripción de algunas de las técnicas de remoción como la electrolítica o electrodeposición; el intercambio iónico; la precipitación y los sistemas biológicos. Cada una de ellas ofrece una solución práctica y viable en términos económicos, ambientales y de mejoramiento continuo de los procesos, permitiendo pensaren una producción sostenible y responsable.The various chromium (Cr) compounds represent a major threat to both environment and human beings, due to its harmful effects. Toxicity is shown in kidney, gastrointestinal tract, liver, thyroid glands, and in the marrow; and body elimination speed is very slow. Tannery industries use Cr salts in their processes, generating large amounts of liquid effluents with high content of this metal; which should be removed in order to comply with existing environmental legislation. This study provides a description of techniques such as electrolytic removal or electroplating, ion exchange process; process of precipitation; and biological systems. Each one of them offers a practical and feasible solution in terms of economy, environment, and continuous improvement of processes, which allows thinking of a sustainable and responsible production.

The various chromium (Cr) compounds represent a major threat to both environment and human beings, due to its harmful effects. Toxicity is shown in kidney, gastrointestinal tract, liver, thyroid glands, and in the marrow; and body elimination speed is very slow. Tannery industries use Cr salts in their processes, generating large amounts of liquid effluents with high content of this metal; which should be removed in order to comply with existing environmental legislation. This study provides a description of techniques such as electrolytic removal or electroplating, ion exchange process; process of precipitation; and biological systems. Each one of them offers a practical and feasible solution in terms of economy, environment, and continuous improvement of processes, which allows thinking of a sustainable and responsible production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]