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ABSTRACT This study’s aim was to investigate the main aspects that determined the use of the stock-based compensation model and the variables that influence the amount paid. The article fills the gap in the previous debate regarding the variables that affect the decision to offer stock-based remuneration, as well as revealing the factors that impact its magnitude and providing a more robust statistical treatment with regards to endogeny. Brazil is known to be a country where the agency conflict between controlling and minority shareholders predominates, and so it is important to understand the determinants of adoption and of the amount paid to managers using stock options, since remuneration can be used as a form of tunneling. This study identified a possible trade-off between cash and stock compensation, in view of increased company indebtedness. It also found that in the Brazilian market this type of remuneration is not related to governance and performance. A panel data regression was used with fixed effects in the firm and industry*year to eliminate the possible bias arising from constant heterogeneities in time for the firms and shocks in the industries in a particular year. In addition, to identify the determinants, we used a logistic regression with panel data and fixed effect in industry*year. The study sample comprised 287 companies listed on the Bolsa, Brasil, Balcão (B3) exchange. This research shows that 40% of the companies in the period from 2010 to 2016 adopted stock-based compensation plans; however, the amount paid is still low, at 0.03% of total company assets. The results indicate that in the Brazilian market variables such as investment opportunities and company size increase the likelihood of adopting the employee stock options plan (ESOP). In addition, regarding the amount paid, this is negatively related to company leverage, indicating that in possible liquidity shocks the companies opt to compensate managers with shares to reduce their exposure to systematic risks.

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This paper presents a study on the Cape Verdean noun phrase, undertaking a comparison with European Portuguese (EP), Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and Guinea-Bissau Creole (Kriyol). The determiner system of Cape Verdean Creole – CVC – raises some questions which are of interest for language researchers since this system comprehends structures which are not attested in other similar languages, like Portuguese. Several scholars consider the "kel"particle, for example, as a definite article. However, the definiteness is not necessarily expressed in this particle and, in Cape Verdean, bare nouns can also come with this particle. Furthermore, according to the majority of CCV researchers, "kel"is neither required nor expected in the noun phrase. In this paper, several studies that deal with Cape Verdean noun phrases will be discussed and some arguments which confirm or not this works will be presented. The results of the analyses of the CVC determiner system will also be demonstrated.

Este trabalho está baseado nos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada simultaneamente em 20 cidades do Estado de Minas Gerais, no ano de 2007, que teve como objeto de análise todas as crianças e adolescentes com idade até 18 anos incompletos que morassem ou estivessem exercendo qualquer tipo de trabalho nas ruas, nos diversos períodos do dia (manhã, tarde ou noite), durante uma semana de referência. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto de algumas características agregadas de cada município ao respectivo número de crianças identificadas. Através de regressões lineares multivariadas foram correlacionadas a proporção de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua em relação aos diferentes Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M) e seus diversos componentes. Os resultados foram significativos, em especial no que se refere às variáveis "escolaridade dos adultos" e "longevidade". Entre as principais conclusões tem-se que parecem existir fatores ou características de caráter comunitário que propiciam ou não a maior ocorrência de crianças trabalhando nas ruas.This paper is based on the results of a survey carried out simultaneously in 20 cities of the State of Minas Gerais in 2007. This research intended to survey all children and teenagers up to 18 years old who were living or exercising any type of work on the streets of these cities at different times of the day and night (morning, afternoon or evening) during one week of reference. The paper analyzed the impact of some characteristics of each municipality on the number of street children found. Through multivariate linear regression, the proportion of children and teenagers in street situation was correlated with different Municipal Human Development Indexes (HDI-M) and their various components. The results were significant, particularly with regard to the variables "adults' level of schooling" and "longevity". We concluded that there seems to be specific community factors or characteristics that increase or not the number of children working on the streets.

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo A questão da qualidade de vida associa-se quase de forma imediata à saúde. Para além dos fatores médicos, existem outros que afetam ou influenciam de forma determinante a saúde dos indivíduos. Esta influência é de tal forma, que se estima atualmente ser superior quando comparada com fatores que estão ao alcance da medicina. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar, por meio da bibliometria, quais são os determinantes da saúde de maior impacto na saúde da população. Para alcançar o objetivo foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa descritiva, com recurso ao método de análise bibliométrica (ferramenta estatística que possibilita recolher informação por meio de diversos indicadores para tratar essa informação), de forma a identificar os tipos de documentos encontrados na pesquisa, a distribuição pelo local de publicação, a identificação de periódicos, quais os determinantes da saúde identificados nos documentos e ano de publicação, quais os determinantes estudados, o método de pesquisa utilizado e as entidades/autores mais citados. Foi possível concluir que o foco de pesquisa (de acordo com os dados recolhidos) são os determinantes sociais da saúde, com os peritos a considerarem que estes são em grande parte responsáveis pela iniquidade no acesso aos cuidados de saúde.