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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Artificial insemination (AI) is mainly applied to increase the productivity and profitability of cattle herds. Fixed-time AI programs (FTAI) increase the use of AI and the reproductive efficiency of herds. However, the success of FTAI programs is dependent on the semen quality, because higher conception rates can be obtained when bulls with good fertility histories are used during the breeding season. This thesis is presented in the form of two manuscripts. The aim of the manuscript 1 was to evaluate the conception rate of Bos taurus taurus females submitted to FTAI with different sets of commercial bovine semen in addition to investigate the association between conception rate and demonstration of estrous and body condition score (BCS) of taurine females. The aim of the manuscript 2 was to evaluate the influence of the moment of FTAI (48 or 54 h after the progesterone device removal) on the conception rate of high and low fertility bulls. In addition, the association between spermatic kinetics and functionality, after thermoresistance test and sperm selection, with field fertility of bulls previously classified as having high or low fertility was also investigated. The data obtained in the manuscript 1 demonstrated that there is individual variation in fertility of bulls used in FTAI programs and a difference in conception rate was observed among different sets of semen from the same bull. In addition, it was shown that the demonstration of estrus and BCS are essential data that must be carefully analyzed in the FTAI programs, because low conception rates are observed in females not in estrus or in those with low BCS. The data obtained in the manuscript 2 emphasized that the conception rate was similar between low and high fertility bulls when the insemination was delayed to 54 h after removal of progesterone device in FTAI programs, i.e. nearest to ovulation. In addition, low fertility bulls present lower quantitative parameters of sperm movement (VCL, VSL and VAP), determined by the computerized method after thermoresistance tests, than high fertility bulls. A inseminação artificial (IA) é a principal ferramenta para aumentar a produtividade e rentabilidade dos rebanhos bovinos. Programas de IA em tempo fixo (IATF) aumentam o uso da IA, bem como a eficiência reprodutiva de rebanhos de corte. Porém, o sucesso dos programas de IATF é dependente da qualidade do sêmen. Maiores taxas de concepção podem ser obtidas quando touros com bom histórico de fertilidade são utilizados durante a estação reprodutiva. Esta Tese de Doutorado está apresentada sob a forma de dois manuscritos. A pesquisa descrita no manuscrito 1 mostra a taxa de concepção de fêmeas Bos taurus taurus submetidas à IATF com diferentes partidas de sêmen comercial bovino. Além disso, investigou-se a associação da taxa de concepção com dados referentes à manifestação de estro e escore de condição corporal das fêmeas taurinas. O manuscrito 2 refere-se à influência do momento da IA (48 ou 54 h) após a retirada do implante de progesterona sobre a taxa de concepção em fêmeas inseminadas com sêmen de touros de alta e baixa fertilidade. Adicionalmente, exames laboratoriais de cinética e funcionalidade espermática foram efetuados, após teste de termorresistência e seleção espermática, para investigar a sua associação com a fertilidade in vivo de touros de alta e baixa fertilidade. No manuscrito 1 detectou-se que existe variação individual na fertilidade de touros em programas de IATF com diferença na taxa de concepção com o uso de diferentes partidas de sêmen de um mesmo reprodutor. Além disso, confirmou-se que a manifestação de estro e o escore de condição corporal são dados essenciais que devem ser criteriosamente analisados nos programas de IATF, pois influenciam diretamente nos índices de concepção. Os dados obtidos no manuscrito 2 ressaltam que a taxa de concepção com touros de baixa fertilidade foi similar à obtida em touros de alta fertilidade quando a inseminação foi atrasada para as 54h pós remoção do dispositivo de progesterona em programas de IATF, isto é, mais próxima à ovulação. Além disso, os parâmetros quantitativos de movimento espermático (VCL, VSL e VAP) determinados pelo método computadorizado após teste de termorresistência foram inferiores em touros de baixa fertilidade em comparação com os touros de alta fertilidade.

The preovulatory follicle size at the time of artificial insemination has a significant impact on the pregnancy rate of beef cattle submitted to estrus synchronization programs. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of dominant follicle diameter on pregnancy rate in an FTAI protocol based on estradiol and progesterone. For the development of the study 227 heifers with two years old and 143 Braford suckling cows were used. Heifers and cows was placed an intravaginal progesterone device, new device was use for cows and pre-used for heifers, and estradiol benzoate (im) on Day 0. Prostaglandin, estradiol cipionate and eCG was injected (im) at the time of progesterone device removal on Day 8, FTAI was proceeded 48 hours after device removal on Day 10. In addition, heifers received (im) prostaglandin on Day 0. Ultrasonography was performed on days 0, 8, 10 and 40 to check the presence of CL, follicle size and pregnancy rates. The study was carried out in a private farm, located in the western border of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The distribution of the follicular size on day 8 was didactic divided in seven groups (≤7, 7.1 to 8, 8.1 to 9, 9.1 to 10, 10.1 to 11, 11.1 to 12 and >12 mm of diameter). Around 25% of the cows and heifers were in the ≤7 mm group with 5.88 and 23.08% of pregnancy rate, smaller (P 12 mm the pregnancy rates are similar to the group ≤7 mm and below (P 12 milímetros de diâmetro). Cerca de 25% das vacas e novilhas estavam no grupo ≤7 mm, com taxa prenhez de 5,88 e 23,08%, sendo menor (P12 mm apresentam taxa de prenhez semelhante à do grupo ≤7 mm e abaixo (P

The effect of mineral supplementation on pregnancy rate after synchronization with progestagen and fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) was evaluated in no pregnant or barren Australian Merino sheep (n = 260) in autumn / winter 2010. Ewes were selected based on their body condition score. Average body condition score was 2.7 (range 1-5) with an average weight of 30.0 kg at TAI. All females were synchronized on a random day of the estrous cycle. The day they received an intravaginal pessary containing 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP; Progespon®, Intervet) and mineral supplement was considered day zero (DO). After 12 days (D12) 250 IU of eCG (Novormon ®, Syntex, Argentina) were given intramuscular and the progesterone pessary was removed. After 55 to 60 hours (D14) fixed time insemination was performed. Ewes were distributed randomly into four groups (G). Ewes (n = 65) of G1 received 0.375 g anhydrous sodium selenite + 20.0 g anhydrous sodium glycerophosphate (Mineral supplement 1), and 15 g calcium lactobionate + 30 g of magnesium lactobionate + 8.0 g of zinc lactobionate (mineral supplement 2), subcutaneous. The ones from group 2 (G2) received Suplement 1, Group 3 (n = 65) was treated with Supplement 2. Ewes that received a single application of 0.9% saline solution (n=65) subcutaneous, without mineral supplementation constituted the control group (G4). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by rectal ultrasonography 30 days after TAI resulting in 66.6%, 44.6%, 39.3% and 46.6% pregnancy rate in group 1, 2, 3 and control group, respectively. Mineral supplementation with magnesium, calcium, zinc (Mineral supplement 1) and selenium (mineral supplement 2) resulted in a higher rate of pregnancies (P

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782003000300024.pdf: 197403 bytes, checksum: 4ab2571e90b8096818c77896d670515d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782003000300024.pdf: 197403 bytes, checksum: 4ab2571e90b8096818c77896d670515d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782003000300024.pdf: 197403 bytes, checksum: 4ab2571e90b8096818c77896d670515d (MD5) S0103-84782003000300024.pdf.txt: 20100 bytes, checksum: 8410e99c0f315bf36aedbed25cd534a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782003000300024.pdf: 197403 bytes, checksum: 4ab2571e90b8096818c77896d670515d (MD5) S0103-84782003000300024.pdf.txt: 20100 bytes, checksum: 8410e99c0f315bf36aedbed25cd534a6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782003000300024.pdf: 197403 bytes, checksum: 4ab2571e90b8096818c77896d670515d (MD5) S0103-84782003000300024.pdf.txt: 20100 bytes, checksum: 8410e99c0f315bf36aedbed25cd534a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-06-01 Foi descrita a hemi-ovariossalpingohisterectomia em cinco pacas prenhes mantidas em cativeiro no Setor de Animais Silvestres da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV-UNESP) de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil, a fim de observar futura prenhez no corno restante. A tranqüilização foi obtida após aplicação de azaperone (4mg/kg) seguida da aplicação de sulfato de atropina (0,06mg/kg) e da associação de cloridrato de quetamina (20mg/kg) e cloridrato de xilazina (1,5mg/kg), ambos na mesma seringa, para indução da anestesia. A anestesia geral foi obtida mediante inalação de halotano por máscara. Por meio de laparotomia mediana, foram retirados o corno uterino prenhe, o ovário e a tuba uterina, todos do mesmo antímero. Antibióticos (30.000UI/kg de três penicilinas e 12,5mg/kg de duas estreptomicinas) e analgésico (0,02mg/kg de buprenorfina) foram aplicados imediatamente após a cirurgia, sendo repetidos após dois dias. Todas as aplicações foram feitas por via intramuscular. Apesar da permanência de apenas um ovário após a cirurgia, nova prenhez ocorreu no corno restante nas cinco fêmeas submetidas à cirurgia, com o nascimento de filhotes (apenas um por parto) após 215, 248, 276, 302 e 310 dias da hemi-ovariossalpingohisterectomia. The hemiovarysalpingohysterectomy in five captive pregnant pacas kept on the Wild Animal Section at the College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV-UNESP) in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, was conducted aiming at verifying the further occurrence of pregnancy on the remaining uterine horn. The tranquilization was achieved by using azaperone (4mg/kg) and consequent application of atropine sulphate (0.06mg/kg) and the association of ketamine (20mg/kg) and xylazine (1.5mg/kg) cloridrates, on the same syringe, for induction of anesthesia. The general anesthesia was performed via a face mask with halothane. By means of median laparotomy, the uterine horn with the fetus, the ovary and the uterine tube, all from the same antimere, were taken out. Antibiotics (30,000IU/kg of three penicillins and 12.5mg/kg of two streptomycins) and analgesic (buprenorfine 0.02 mg/kg) were injected immediately after surgery and repeated after two days. All injections were made intramuscularly. In spite of the permanence of only one ovary after surgery, new pregnancy occurred in the remaining uterine horn in the five females which went through surgery, and the birth (solely one by delivery) happened 210, 248, 276, 302 and 310 days after the hemiovarysalpingohysterectomy. UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal

Foi descrita a hemi-ovariossalpingohisterectomia em cinco pacas prenhes mantidas em cativeiro no Setor de Animais Silvestres da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV-UNESP) de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil, a fim de observar futura prenhez no corno restante. A tranqüilização foi obtida após aplicação de azaperone (4mg/kg) seguida da aplicação de sulfato de atropina (0,06mg/kg) e da associação de cloridrato de quetamina (20mg/kg) e cloridrato de xilazina (1,5mg/kg), ambos na mesma seringa, para indução da anestesia. A anestesia geral foi obtida mediante inalação de halotano por máscara. Por meio de laparotomia mediana, foram retirados o corno uterino prenhe, o ovário e a tuba uterina, todos do mesmo antímero. Antibióticos (30.000UI/kg de três penicilinas e 12,5mg/kg de duas estreptomicinas) e analgésico (0,02mg/kg de buprenorfina) foram aplicados imediatamente após a cirurgia, sendo repetidos após dois dias. Todas as aplicações foram feitas por via intramuscular. Apesar da permanência de apenas um ovário após a cirurgia, nova prenhez ocorreu no corno restante nas cinco fêmeas submetidas à cirurgia, com o nascimento de filhotes (apenas um por parto) após 215, 248, 276, 302 e 310 dias da hemi-ovariossalpingohisterectomia. The hemiovarysalpingohysterectomy in five captive pregnant pacas kept on the Wild Animal Section at the College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV-UNESP) in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, was conducted aiming at verifying the further occurrence of pregnancy on the remaining uterine horn. The tranquilization was achieved by using azaperone (4mg/kg) and consequent application of atropine sulphate (0.06mg/kg) and the association of ketamine (20mg/kg) and xylazine (1.5mg/kg) cloridrates, on the same syringe, for induction of anesthesia. The general anesthesia was performed via a face mask with halothane. By means of median laparotomy, the uterine horn with the fetus, the ovary and the uterine tube, all from the same antimere, were taken out. Antibiotics (30,000IU/kg of three penicillins and 12.5mg/kg of two streptomycins) and analgesic (buprenorfine 0.02 mg/kg) were injected immediately after surgery and repeated after two days. All injections were made intramuscularly. In spite of the permanence of only one ovary after surgery, new pregnancy occurred in the remaining uterine horn in the five females which went through surgery, and the birth (solely one by delivery) happened 210, 248, 276, 302 and 310 days after the hemiovarysalpingohysterectomy.

Throughout pregnancy, maternal hemodynamic adaptation is needed to ensure proper uterine perfusion and fetal development. When the uteroplacental vascular system is formed, starting with reduced resistance to uterine arterial flow, this results in decreased total vascular resistance, an activation of neuroendocrine vasoactive peptides, an increase in circulating blood and changes in the cardiovascular system morphophysiology to respond to the increasing demands of uterine perfusion. There has been considerable study of hemodynamic adaptation in pregnant women and this assessment has become a diagnostic tool for fatal obstetric disorders. However, in bitches the available information in this regard is limited; therefore a parallel was drawn between other species of animals and women, in order to subsidize the paucity of information about this process and facilitate the understanding of maternal-fetal hemodynamic adaptation in pregnant bitches. This review and literature analysis aimed\ to discuss morphophysiological cardiovascular adaptations during pregnancy and the possible disorders that can affect this process in pregnant female dogs. RESUMO: Durante a gestação, a adaptação hemodinâmica materna é necessária para garantir adequada perfusão uterina e desenvolvimento fetal. A formação de um leito vascular uteroplacentário a partir da redução na resistência ao fluxo da artéria uterina reflete na diminuição da resistência vascular total, ativação de fatores neuroendócrinos vasoativos, aumento do volume de sangue circulante e modificações na morfofisiologia do sistema cardiovascular para responder as demandas crescentes de perfusão uterina. Em mulheres gestantes o estudo da adaptação hemodinâmica encontra-se bastante desenvolvido e esta avaliação tem se convertido em uma ferramenta diagnóstica de desordens obstétricas que podem comprometer a relação do binômio materno-fetal. Não obstante, em cadelas a informação disponível a este respeito é limitada e por isso traçou-se um paralelo entre outras espécies de animais e mulheres, de maneira que subsidiassem a carência de informações a este respeito e facilitassem o processo de compreensão da adaptação hemodinâmica materno-fetal em cadelas gestantes. Esta revisão e análise da literatura visa abordar a adaptação morfofisiológica cardiovascular frente à gestação e as possíveis desordens que possam acometer este processo em cães.