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Submitted by Marilson Gama (marilson.gama@ifam.edu.br) on 2021-12-21T19:06:53Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta????o de Mestrado_Marilson Farias Gama_2021.pdf: 5847827 bytes, checksum: ff4a0e03ee722fabafe31559d4c926fd (MD5) Carta de Encaminhamento para Dep??sito.pdf: 496874 bytes, checksum: 9b381946c88d106860e2b13a7e7b4651 (MD5) Ata_Defesa_MARILSON GAMA - CARP_MESTRADO.pdf: 252745 bytes, checksum: bd011d3776b163a5c78a4ce9170597f5 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncia Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros PPGCARP (ppgcarpsecretaria@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-12-28T14:47:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta????o de Mestrado_Marilson Farias Gama_2021.pdf: 5847827 bytes, checksum: ff4a0e03ee722fabafe31559d4c926fd (MD5) Carta de Encaminhamento para Dep??sito.pdf: 496874 bytes, checksum: 9b381946c88d106860e2b13a7e7b4651 (MD5) Ata_Defesa_MARILSON GAMA - CARP_MESTRADO.pdf: 252745 bytes, checksum: bd011d3776b163a5c78a4ce9170597f5 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-12-29T00:36:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta????o de Mestrado_Marilson Farias Gama_2021.pdf: 5847827 bytes, checksum: ff4a0e03ee722fabafe31559d4c926fd (MD5) Carta de Encaminhamento para Dep??sito.pdf: 496874 bytes, checksum: 9b381946c88d106860e2b13a7e7b4651 (MD5) Ata_Defesa_MARILSON GAMA - CARP_MESTRADO.pdf: 252745 bytes, checksum: bd011d3776b163a5c78a4ce9170597f5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-29T00:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta????o de Mestrado_Marilson Farias Gama_2021.pdf: 5847827 bytes, checksum: ff4a0e03ee722fabafe31559d4c926fd (MD5) Carta de Encaminhamento para Dep??sito.pdf: 496874 bytes, checksum: 9b381946c88d106860e2b13a7e7b4651 (MD5) Ata_Defesa_MARILSON GAMA - CARP_MESTRADO.pdf: 252745 bytes, checksum: bd011d3776b163a5c78a4ce9170597f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-10-18 EMBRAPA - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu??ria FAPEAM - Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas In South America, Brazil stands out as the largest producer of freshwater fish and gathers favorable conditions to become one of the largest fish producers in the world. One of the native fish with potential for fish farming is the pirarucu (Arapaima gigas), as long as the problems in its production chain, in the areas of reproduction, nutrition and health, are solved. The lack of a technological package in the production of the species has contributed to a low supply of larvae and fingerlings, in addition to the high mortality rate caused mainly by parasitic and bacterial diseases. With that, the objective of the study was to characterize the A. gigas creations, register the occurrences, identify the species and determine the infestation/parasitic infection rates (Chapter I). This study was carried out in seven fish farms in the municipality of Manacapuru ??? Amazonas, and recorded information on the structure of rearing, flooded area, water supply source, management and feeding of breeders, larvae and juveniles. Samples of 10 fish were obtained from each fish farm, totaling 70 fish. Each sample corresponded to one spawn of A. gigas in captivity. During these collections, the water quality parameters were recorded. Fish were measured and weighed to calculate the weight-length equation and condition factor. After this step, the fish were analyzed for the presence of parasites, and the specimens found were fixed in 70% ethanol and identified a posteriori. After quantification of the parasites, the parasite indices were calculated. In fish farms, the reproduction, hatchery and rearing of A. gigas were carried out in dams and earthen ponds, supplied with dammed water, an artesian well or a river. Most of the fish farms are dedicated to reproduction and re-creation, the broodstocks were fed live forage fish and the juveniles initially with natural zooplankton, then brine shrimp nauplii until total replacement by powdered commercial feed. The water quality parameters were within the standards for the cultivation of tropical fish species. Fish weight and length were different between fish farms (p 0.05), but correlations between weight and length and parasite abundance were significant (p < 0.05). It is noteworthy that the parasitic fauna of juveniles of A. gigas is mainly composed of species of endohelminths, the pathogenic nematode Hysterothylacium sp., with zoonotic potential, and the acanthocephalon Neoechinorhynchus sp. In addition, this study described a new species of the phylum Acanthocephala, parasitizing juveniles of A. gigas cultivated in the state of Amazonas (Chapter II). The description of the new species was only possible because all specimens of Neoechinorhynchus sp. were found in adulthood. The new species is distinguished from all others in the genus by a combination of characters including smaller trunk, smaller anterior spines in males, medial and posterior spines of the same size in both sexes, two seminal vesicles below the cement reservoir and in a ventral position. The attachment site of this species differs from all other acanthocephalic species in the mesentery. This is the first species of Neoechinorhynchus described for a fish species of the Arapaimidae family and the tenth species of the genus recorded in Brazil, and the name Neoechinorhynchus arapaimensis is proposed. As measures to prevent and control parasites, it is recommended to: disinfect production structures at the end of the production cycle, eliminate aquatic microphytes, individualize the supply, install a filter or screen at the water collection site, carry out a strict sanitary control in the reuse of water , monitor water quality, carry out fish health assessment, adopt quarantine for fish acquired in other fish farms, offer a mixed diet with fish, feed and vitamin and mineral supplement, feed fish with frozen zooplankton, include immunostimulant additives in the diet, contact specialized technician for disease diagnosis and control measures, disinfecting utensils and keeping employees clean. Na Am??rica do Sul, o Brasil destaca-se com o maior produtor de peixes ??gua doce e re??ne condi????es favor??veis para tornar-se um dos maiores produtores de peixes do mundo. Um dos peixes nativos com potencial para piscicultura ?? o pirarucu (Arapaima gigas), desde que resolvidos os problemas na sua cadeia produtiva, nas ??reas de reprodu????o, nutri????o e sanidade. A falta de um pacote tecnol??gico na produ????o da esp??cie tem contribu??do para baixa oferta de larvas e alevinos, al??m da alta taxa de mortalidade causada principalmente por doen??as parasit??rias e bacterianas. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar as cria????es de A. gigas, registrar as ocorr??ncias, identificar as esp??cies e determinar os ??ndices de infesta????o/infec????o parasit??ria (Cap??tulo I). Este estudo foi realizado em sete pisciculturas do munic??pio de Manacapuru ??? Amazonas, e registrado informa????es sobre estrutura de cria????o, ??rea inundada, fonte de abastecimento de ??gua, manejo e alimenta????o dos reprodutores, larvas e juvenis. Amostras de 10 peixes foram obtidas em cada piscicultura, totalizando 70 peixes. Cada amostra correspondeu a uma desova de A. gigas em cativeiro. Durante essas coletas foram registrados os par??metros de qualidade de ??gua. Os peixes foram medidos e pesados para c??lculo da equa????o peso-comprimento e fator de condi????o. Ap??s esta etapa, os peixes foram analisados quanto ?? presen??a de parasitos, e os esp??cimes encontrados foram fixados em etanol 70% e identificados a posteriori. Ap??s quantifica????o dos parasitos foram calculados os ??ndices parasit??rios. Nas pisciculturas a reprodu????o, alevinagem e recria de A. gigas eram realizadas em barragens e viveiros de terra, abastecidos com ??gua represada, po??o artesiano ou rio. A maioria das pisciculturas est??o voltadas ?? reprodu????o e recria, os reprodutores eram alimentados com peixes forrageiros vivos e os juvenis inicialmente com zoopl??ncton natural, depois n??uplios de art??mia at?? substitui????o total por ra????o comercial em p??. Os par??metros de qualidade da ??gua ficaram dentro dos padr??es para o cultivo de esp??cies de peixes tropicais. O peso e comprimento dos peixes foram diferentes entre as pisciculturas (p 0,05), mas as correl??a??es entre peso e comprimento e abund??ncia de parasitos foram significativas (p < 0,05). Destaca-se que a fauna parasit??ria de juvenis de A. gigas ?? composta majoritariamente por esp??cies de endohelmintos, pelo nematoide Hysterothylacium sp., patog??nica e com potencial zoon??tico e pelo acantoc??falo Neoechinorhynchus sp. Em adi????o, nesse estudo foi descrita uma nova esp??cie do filo Acanthocephala, parasitando juvenis de A. gigas cultivados no estado do Amazonas (Cap??tulo II). A descri????o da nova esp??cie somente foi poss??vel porque todos os esp??cimes de Neoechinorhynchus sp. foram encontrados na fase adulta. A nova esp??cie distingue de todas as outras do g??nero por uma combina????o de caracteres incluindo tronco menor, espinhos anteriores menores nos machos, espinhos mediano e posterior do mesmo tamanho em ambos os sexos, duas ves??culas seminais abaixo do reservat??rio de cimento e em posi????o ventral. O local de fixa????o desta esp??cie difere de todas as outras esp??cies de acantoc??falos, no mesent??rio. Esta ?? a primeira esp??cie de Neoechinorhynchus descrita para uma esp??cie de peixe da fam??lia Arapaimidae e a d??cima esp??cie do g??nero registrada no Brasil, e o nome Neoechinorhynchus arapaimensis ?? proposto. Como medidas de preven????o e controle de parasitoses ?? recomend??vel: desinfectar as estruturas de produ????o no final do ciclo produtivo, eliminar mcr??fitas aqu??ticas, individualizar o abastecimento, instalar filtro ou tela no local de capta????o de ??gua, realizar um rigoroso controle sanit??rio na reutiliza????o da ??gua, monitorar a qualidade de ??gua, realizar avalia????o sanit??ria dos peixes, adotar quarentena para peixes adquiridos em outras pisciculturas, ofertar uma dieta mista com peixes, ra????o e suplemento vitam??ncio e mineral, alimentar os peixes com zoopl??ncton congelado, incluir na dieta aditivos imunoestimulantes, contactar t??cnico especializado para diagn??stico de doen??as e medidas de controle, desinfetar utens??lios e manter a assepsia dos funcion??rios.

Submitted by Ana Maria Souza da Silva (juliana-lester@hotmail.com) on 2021-12-09T21:20:32Z No. of bitstreams: 3 diii.pdf: 1352910 bytes, checksum: 2c87fdc8d1a7a373754cdc92df94356c (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoTCC-TESE-DISSERTA????O-2.pdf: 258065 bytes, checksum: 4e01ba8599f38eeacce4d835551a2a6c (MD5) Ata defesa Ana Maria.pdf: 465809 bytes, checksum: 3c7f9966f90fb913f4172d35caac2664 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncia Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros PPGCARP (ppgcarpsecretaria@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-12-10T14:04:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 diii.pdf: 1352910 bytes, checksum: 2c87fdc8d1a7a373754cdc92df94356c (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoTCC-TESE-DISSERTA????O-2.pdf: 258065 bytes, checksum: 4e01ba8599f38eeacce4d835551a2a6c (MD5) Ata defesa Ana Maria.pdf: 465809 bytes, checksum: 3c7f9966f90fb913f4172d35caac2664 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-12-13T12:02:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 diii.pdf: 1352910 bytes, checksum: 2c87fdc8d1a7a373754cdc92df94356c (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoTCC-TESE-DISSERTA????O-2.pdf: 258065 bytes, checksum: 4e01ba8599f38eeacce4d835551a2a6c (MD5) Ata defesa Ana Maria.pdf: 465809 bytes, checksum: 3c7f9966f90fb913f4172d35caac2664 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-13T12:02:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 diii.pdf: 1352910 bytes, checksum: 2c87fdc8d1a7a373754cdc92df94356c (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoTCC-TESE-DISSERTA????O-2.pdf: 258065 bytes, checksum: 4e01ba8599f38eeacce4d835551a2a6c (MD5) Ata defesa Ana Maria.pdf: 465809 bytes, checksum: 3c7f9966f90fb913f4172d35caac2664 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-10-07 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior With the current growth of fish farming on the national and international scene, there is an intensification of production systems. Although more profitable, this system must be accompanied by good management practices, otherwise it acts as a facilitator for the installation of diseases. Among the diseases that can affect fish, bacteriosis stand out. As they are considered productivity limiting, they are commonly treated with antimicrobials and chemotherapy indiscriminately. As a result, an increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has been observed. In this sense, the search for natural products with antimicrobial activity and their association with synthetic antibiotics of interest to fish farming is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and synergistic activities of five essential oils (EOs) with florfenicol against Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei isolated from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Bacterial strains were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA?? gene and from these, three A. hydrophila and one A. jandaei strains were selected for the study. The EOs of the species of Aloysia triphylla, Croton cajucara morphotype red, Croton cajucara morphotype white, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia gracilis had as major constituent the compound ??-pinene (22.1%), germacrene D (11.5%), linalool ( 23%), geranial (45.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%), respectively. To determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) the microdilution technique in 96-well plates was used, and to determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (CBM) of the EOs, platings were performed in Muller Hinton agar (MHA). For the synergistic activity, the checkerboard technique was used. The five EOs evaluated were classified as having weak antimicrobial activity, showing bactericidal action against target pathogens, with MIC ranging from 5,000 to 640,000 ug mL???1. The EOs of L. gracilis and C. citratus showed the lowest concentrations against the investigated pathogens (MIC and CBM of 5,000 ug mL-1). The EOs interfered in the initial and consolidated biofilm when compared to the negative control (E. coli), going from weak producers to non-producers. The EOs of A. triphylla, C. Citratus, C. cajucara white morphotype and L. gracilis combined with florfenicol reduced the MIC, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index varied between 0.38 and 0.50, indicating a synergistic effect. In this dissertation, it was possible to demonstrate the synergistic effect of four EOs with florfenicol, reducing the dose of this antimicrobial and EOs. Considering the cost of treatments in fish farming that are still high, this work contributed to reducing the amount of drugs used (synthetic and natural) and, consequently, reducing the cost of treatment. In addition, the reduction of synthetic antimicrobials in the water makes the treatment more sustainable for the environment, even reducing the selection of bacterial strains resistant to the antimicrobial. Com o crescimento atual da piscicultura no cen??rio nacional e internacional, t??m-se a intensifica????o dos sistemas de produ????o. Apesar de mais lucrativo, este sistema deve ser acompanhado de boas pr??ticas de manejo, caso contr??rio, atua como facilitador da instala????o de enfermidades. Dentre as doen??as que podem acometer peixes, destacam-se as bacterioses. Por serem consideradas limitadoras de produtividade, comumente s??o tratadas com antimicrobianos e quimioter??picos de forma indiscriminada. Como resultado, tem-se observado aumento da resist??ncia bacteriana aos antimicrobianos. Nesse sentido, a busca por produtos naturais com atividade antimicrobiana e sua associa????o com antimicrobianos sint??ticos de interesse para piscicultura faz-se necess??ria. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atividades antimicrobianas, antibiofilme e sin??rgica de cinco ??leos essenciais (OEs) com florfenicol contra Aeromonas hydrophila e Aeromonas jandaei isoladas de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). As cepas bacterianas foram identificadas por sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA ?? e destas foram selecionadas tr??s cepas A. hydrophila e uma de A. jandaei para o estudo. Os OEs das esp??cies de Aloysia triphylla, Croton cajucara morfotipo vermelho, Croton cajucara morfotipo branco, Cymbopogon citratus e Lippia gracilis apresentaram como constituinte majorit??rio o composto ??-pineno (22,1%), germacreno D (11,5%), linalol (23%), geranial (45,7%) e carvacrol (42,2%), respectivamente. Para a determina????o das concentra????es inibit??rias m??nimas (CIM) foi utilizada a t??cnica de microdilui????o em placas de 96 po??os e, para a determina????o da concentra????o bactericida m??nima (CBM) dos OEs, foram realizadas semeaduras em meio ??gar Muller Hinton (MHA). Para a atividade sin??rgica foi utilizada a t??cnica de tabuleiro de xadrez ???checkerboard???. Os cinco OEs avaliados foram classificados com fraca atividade antimicrobiana, apresentando a????o bactericida frente aos pat??genos alvos, com CIM variando de 5.000 a 640.000 ug mL???1. Os OEs de L. gracilis e C. citratus apresentaram as menores concentra????es contra os patogenos investigados (CIM e CBM de 5.000 ug mL-1). Os OEs interferiram no biofilme inicial e no consolidado quando comparados ao controle negativo (E. coli), passando de produtores fracos para n??o produtores. Os OEs de A. triphylla, C. citratus, C. cajucara morfotipo branca e L. gracilis combinados com o florfenicol reduziram a CIM, e o ??ndice de concentra????o inibit??ria fracionada variou entre 0,38 e 0,50, indicando efeito sin??rgico. Nesta disserta????o, foi poss??vel demonstrar o efeito sin??rgico de quatro OEs com o florfenicol, reduzindo a dose deste antimicrobiano e dos OEs. Considerando o custo dos tratamentos em piscicultura que ainda s??o altos, este trabalho contribuiu para a redu????o da quantidade dos f??rmacos utilizados (sint??ticos e naturais) e, consequentemente, redu????o do custo do tratamento. Al??m disso, a diminui????o de antimicrobianos sint??ticos na ??gua de cultivo torna o tratamento mais sustent??vel ao meio ambiente, reduzindo, inclusive, a sele????o de cepas bacterianas resistentes ao antimicrobiano.

Submitted by Paula Ribeiro Santos (santospaular10@gmail.com) on 2021-11-18T18:53:30Z No. of bitstreams: 3 DISSERTA????O_Final_Paula Santos_18.11.2021.pdf: 1208462 bytes, checksum: 07578ce8aaba01f56f5de4d621b48e7a (MD5) Paula Santos- Carta Encaminhamento DISSERTA????O.pdf: 123670 bytes, checksum: a0427278ad1d8ada538dab56f1db1528 (MD5) Ata de defesa Paula.pdf: 381631 bytes, checksum: d591b28d1111508112e6f089ab19d76b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncia Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros PPGCARP (ppgcarpsecretaria@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-11-22T18:46:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 DISSERTA????O_Final_Paula Santos_18.11.2021.pdf: 1208462 bytes, checksum: 07578ce8aaba01f56f5de4d621b48e7a (MD5) Paula Santos- Carta Encaminhamento DISSERTA????O.pdf: 123670 bytes, checksum: a0427278ad1d8ada538dab56f1db1528 (MD5) Ata de defesa Paula.pdf: 381631 bytes, checksum: d591b28d1111508112e6f089ab19d76b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-11-24T17:40:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 DISSERTA????O_Final_Paula Santos_18.11.2021.pdf: 1208462 bytes, checksum: 07578ce8aaba01f56f5de4d621b48e7a (MD5) Paula Santos- Carta Encaminhamento DISSERTA????O.pdf: 123670 bytes, checksum: a0427278ad1d8ada538dab56f1db1528 (MD5) Ata de defesa Paula.pdf: 381631 bytes, checksum: d591b28d1111508112e6f089ab19d76b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-24T17:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 DISSERTA????O_Final_Paula Santos_18.11.2021.pdf: 1208462 bytes, checksum: 07578ce8aaba01f56f5de4d621b48e7a (MD5) Paula Santos- Carta Encaminhamento DISSERTA????O.pdf: 123670 bytes, checksum: a0427278ad1d8ada538dab56f1db1528 (MD5) Ata de defesa Paula.pdf: 381631 bytes, checksum: d591b28d1111508112e6f089ab19d76b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-10-07 Funda????o de Amparo ?? pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM Piscinoodinium pillulare is an ectoparasite recognized worldwide by large-scale outbreaks in fish farms, and registered in tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, the most produced native fish species in Brazil. The search for natural products as an alternative to synthetic ones for the treatment of fish diseases has grown in recent years, due to their biodegradable properties and less possibility of causing parasite resistance. Given this scenario, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of essential oils (EOs) from Aloysia triphylla, Lippia gracilis and Piper aduncum for the control of P. pillulare in juvenile tambaqui. Firstly, the acute toxicity of the three EOs was evaluated in a completely randomized design (DIC), with six treatments: the control and five concentrations of EOs (A. triphylla 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mg L-1, L. gracilis 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 mg L-1 and P. aduncum 42.5, 45, 47.5, 50 and 52.5 mg L-1), with three replicates and a 4hour exposure. This procedure aimed to define safe concentrations for application in therapeutic baths, which were also based on literature data, followed by pilot tests. The results showed that the mortality and severity of damage to the tambaqui gills were proportional to the increase in the concentrations of the EOs, with the mean lethal concentration (LC50-4 h) estimated at 109.57 mg L-1 for A. triphylla, at 41.63 mg L-1 for L. gracilis and at 48.17 mg L-1 for P. aduncum. Grade II and grade III histopathologi-cal damage were of low frequency, and the latter, which includes severe and irreversible al-terations, was recorded only in the highest concentrations of P. aduncum EO (47.5, 50.0 and 52.5 mg L-1). Therefore, EO concentrations below the LC50-4 h can be used for short expo-sure periods. This protocol was adopted in the second phase of this study in order to deter-mine the effectiveness of the three EOs in the treatment of P. pillulare in tambaqui after ap-plication of three therapeutic baths of 15 minutes. For this, a DIC with seven treatments and three replications was used: control, EOs of A. triphylla (40 and 50 mg L-1), L. gracilis (20 and 30 mg L-1) and P. aduncum (10 and 20 mg L-1). After treatments with essential oils, P. pillulare was quantified in a sedgewick rafter c??mara using three aliquots of each sample to determine the parasitic indices of prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity, as well as the antiparasitic efficacy. To assess the physiological state of fish, analyzes of hematocrit, erythrocyte counting, hemoglobin, glucose, total proteins, and the activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were deter-mined. The effectiveness of EOs in controlling P. pillulare ranged from 63.8 to 83.8%. There was no significant difference between treatments for hematological and biochemical parame-ters, but the infestation by P. pillulare promoted a reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin, in addition to an increase in plasma glucose and total proteins. For enzymatic parameters, there was a reduction in alanine aminotransferase, but there was no impairment of liver func-tion in tambaqui. Therefore, the EOs of A. triphylla, L. gracilis and P. aduncum are good therapeutic alternatives to mitigate the negative impacts caused by the infestation of P. pillu-lare in the tambaqui rearing. Piscinoodinium pillulare ?? um ectoparasito reconhecido mundialmente pelos surtos provoca-dos em grande escala nas pisciculturas, e com registro em tambaqui, Colossoma macropo-mum, esp??cie nativa mais produzida no Brasil. A busca por produtos naturais como alternati-va aos sint??ticos para o tratamento de doen??as em peixes tem crescido nos ??ltimos anos, de-vido suas propriedades biodegrad??veis e menor possibilidade de causar resist??ncia parasit??-ria. Diante deste cen??rio, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antiparasit??ria dos ??leos essenciais (OEs) de Aloysia triphylla, Lippia gracilis e Piper aduncum para o controle de Piscinoodinium pillulare em juvenis de tambaqui. Primeiramente foi avaliada a toxicida-de aguda dos tr??s OEs, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com seis tratamen-tos: controle e cinco concentra????es dos OEs (A. triphylla 60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 mg L-1, L. gracilis 35, 40, 45, 50 e 55 mg L-1 e P. aduncum 42,5, 45, 47,5, 50 e 52,5 mg L-1), tr??s repeti-????es e tempo de exposi????o de 4 horas, visando a defini????o de concentra????es seguras para aplica????o em banhos terap??uticos, sendo estas concentra????es baseadasna literatura, seguido de testes pilotos. Os resultados mostraram que a mortalidade e a severidade dos danos nas br??nquias de tambaqui foram proporcionais ao aumento das concentra????es dos OEs, com a concentra????o letal m??dia (CL50-4 h) estimada em 109, 57 mg L-1 para A. triphylla, em 41,63 mg L-1 para L. gracilis e em 48,17 mg L-1 para P. aduncum. Os danos histopatol??gicos de grau II e de grau III foram de baixa frequ??ncia, e este ??ltimo que inclui as altera????es severas e irrevers??veis foi registrado somente nas maiores concentra????es do OE de P. aduncum (47,5, 50,0 e 52,5 mg L-1). Portanto, concentra????es dos OEs abaixo da CL50-4 h podem ser utiliza-das, em curtos per??odos de exposi????o. Este protocolo foi adotado na segunda etapa deste es-tudo com o objetivo de determinar a efic??cia dos tr??s OEs no tratamento de P. pillulare em tambaqui ap??s aplica????o de tr??s banhos terap??uticos de 15 minutos. Para isso, utilizou-se um DIC com sete tratamentos e tr??s repeti????es: controle, OEs de A. triphylla (40 e 50 mg L-1), L. gracilis (20 e 30 mg L-1) e P. aduncum (10 e 20 mg L-1). Ap??s os tratamentos com os ??leos essenciais, a contagem do P. pillulare foi feita em c??mera de sedgewick rafter utilizando tr??s al??quotas de cada amostra para a determina????o dos ??ndices parasit??rios de preval??ncia, abun-d??ncia m??dia e intensidade m??dia, bem como a efic??cia antiparasit??ria. Para avaliar o estado fisiol??gico dos peixes foram realizadas an??lises de hemat??crito, n??mero de eritr??citos, he-moglobina, glicose, prote??nas totais, bem como a atividade das enzimas aspartato aminos-transferase, alanina aminostransferase e fosfatase alcalina. A efic??cia dos OEs no controle de P. pillulare variou de 63,8 a 83,8%. N??o houve diferen??a significativa entre tratamentos para os par??metros hematol??gicos e bioqu??micos, mas a infesta????o por P. pillulare promoveu re-du????o no hemat??crito e hemoglobina, al??m de aumento na glicose plasm??tica e prote??nas totais. Para os par??metros enzim??ticos, houve redu????o da alanina aminotransferase, mas n??o houve comprometimento da fun????o hep??tica em tambaquis. Portanto, os OEs de A. triphylla, L. gracilis e P. aduncum constituem boas alternativas terap??uticas para mitigar os impactos negativos causados pela infesta????o de P. pillulare na cria????o de tambaquis.

Submitted by Maria In??s Braga de Oliveira (mariaines@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-12-29T22:58:20Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em C. macropomum.pdf: 1454759 bytes, checksum: 4578ab37bf1b42957aa632164bc5c7e5 (MD5) FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento-TESE.pdf: 169901 bytes, checksum: b7dcf863bcdee02b3c729f9acd942c77 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGCIPET Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-12-30T23:19:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em C. macropomum.pdf: 1454759 bytes, checksum: 4578ab37bf1b42957aa632164bc5c7e5 (MD5) FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento-TESE.pdf: 169901 bytes, checksum: b7dcf863bcdee02b3c729f9acd942c77 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGCIPET Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-12-30T23:19:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em C. macropomum.pdf: 1454759 bytes, checksum: 4578ab37bf1b42957aa632164bc5c7e5 (MD5) FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento-TESE.pdf: 169901 bytes, checksum: b7dcf863bcdee02b3c729f9acd942c77 (MD5) Rejected by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br), reason: 1. Na Carta de Encaminhamento, onde consta "Erro! Auto-refer??ncia de marcador inv??lida" Inserir nome da Orientadora. 2.Substituir a Folha de Aprova????o da Tese por uma com melhor qualidade de leitura. on 2021-01-04T18:23:12Z (GMT) Submitted by Maria In??s Braga de Oliveira (mariaines@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-01-12T17:30:43Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em C. macropomum.pdf: 1454759 bytes, checksum: 4578ab37bf1b42957aa632164bc5c7e5 (MD5) FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento-TESE.pdf: 169901 bytes, checksum: b7dcf863bcdee02b3c729f9acd942c77 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGCIPET Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-01-16T05:37:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em C. macropomum.pdf: 1454759 bytes, checksum: 4578ab37bf1b42957aa632164bc5c7e5 (MD5) FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento-TESE.pdf: 169901 bytes, checksum: b7dcf863bcdee02b3c729f9acd942c77 (MD5) Rejected by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br), reason: Na carta de encaminhamento, proceder ?? corre????o da mensagem de erro "Erro! Autorefer??ncia de indicador n??o v??lida.", constante do corpo do texto. on 2021-01-18T19:10:37Z (GMT) Submitted by Maria In??s Braga de Oliveira (mariaines@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-02-02T23:31:50Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em C. macropomum.pdf: 1454759 bytes, checksum: 4578ab37bf1b42957aa632164bc5c7e5 (MD5) FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento-TESE.pdf: 169901 bytes, checksum: b7dcf863bcdee02b3c729f9acd942c77 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGCIPET Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-02-04T06:08:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em C. macropomum.pdf: 1454759 bytes, checksum: 4578ab37bf1b42957aa632164bc5c7e5 (MD5) FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento-TESE.pdf: 169901 bytes, checksum: b7dcf863bcdee02b3c729f9acd942c77 (MD5) Rejected by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br), reason: Na carta de encaminhamento, proceder ?? corre????o da mensagem de erro "Erro! Autorefer??ncia de indicador n??o v??lida.", constante do corpo do texto. on 2021-02-04T16:38:29Z (GMT) Submitted by Maria In??s Braga de Oliveira (mariaines@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-02-09T13:39:34Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em C. macropomum.pdf: 1454759 bytes, checksum: 4578ab37bf1b42957aa632164bc5c7e5 (MD5) FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento-TESE.pdf: 169901 bytes, checksum: b7dcf863bcdee02b3c729f9acd942c77 (MD5) Submitted by Maria In??s Braga de Oliveira (mariaines@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-02-09T18:00:05Z No. of bitstreams: 3 FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento TESE.pdf: 161851 bytes, checksum: b89e84a0d590a7226163aa0d6c017486 (MD5) Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em Colossoma macropomum (1).pdf: 1455699 bytes, checksum: 850c06ac96fb1f0eb23d37377c0d7dd2 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncia Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros PPGCARP (ppgcarpsecretaria@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-02-09T23:12:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento TESE.pdf: 161851 bytes, checksum: b89e84a0d590a7226163aa0d6c017486 (MD5) Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em Colossoma macropomum (1).pdf: 1455699 bytes, checksum: 850c06ac96fb1f0eb23d37377c0d7dd2 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-02-10T02:00:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento TESE.pdf: 161851 bytes, checksum: b89e84a0d590a7226163aa0d6c017486 (MD5) Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em Colossoma macropomum (1).pdf: 1455699 bytes, checksum: 850c06ac96fb1f0eb23d37377c0d7dd2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-10T02:00:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 FolhaAprovacao-Ines Braga.pdf: 16414 bytes, checksum: 7bb129c065b531478cb8ae6e5d547b6d (MD5) CartaEncaminhamento TESE.pdf: 161851 bytes, checksum: b89e84a0d590a7226163aa0d6c017486 (MD5) Potencial in vitro e in vivo de ??leos essenciais contra a infec????o por N. buttnerae em Colossoma macropomum (1).pdf: 1455699 bytes, checksum: 850c06ac96fb1f0eb23d37377c0d7dd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-11-27 Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae is an acanthocephalan found in the intestine of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum and is currently the major constraint in the culture of this fish. At high infection rates, this parasite has compromised production, especially in northern Brazil. Thus, the first stage of this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro survival time of N. buttnerae in minimum essential medium of Eagle (EMEM) supplemented with antibiotics, under different maintenance methodologies, in order to propose an alternative protocol for the maintenance of specimens outside the host, which guarantees greater reliability in future tests with anthelmintics. The results of the survival analysis indicated that the use of the MEME medium associated to supplementation with antibiotics and with replacement every two days, significantly prolonged the survival time of the parasites when kept in the temperature range of 24 to 28 ??C. This protocol was adopted in the second stage of this study, which aimed to evaluate the chemical composition as well as the in vitro anthelmintic potential of 11 species of essential oils (OEs) obtained from different medicinal plants, in the control of N. buttnerae, from an experimental design with a control group and nine concentrations of each essential oil, in triplicate, after 2 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours of exposure. There was a reduction in the Effective Concentrations (EC50) values of the essential oils with an increase in exposure time, the lowest values being obtained with the OEs of Mentha arvensis, Lippia grata, Lippia origanoides, Croton cajucara morphotype red, Ocimum gratissimum, Croton cajucara morphotype white and Piper aduncum. As for the in vitro efficacy of N. buttnerae control, all the essential oils were 100% effective within 24 hours. Structural analysis of helminths exposed to OEs suggests that mortality is associated with dissociation of the tegument from the underlying muscle layer, edema in the lacunar spaces with formation of subcutlicle bubbles, body swelling, increased volume of the pseudocelloma and degeneration of the reproductive organs. Therefore, all the essential oils evaluated have potential for the in vivo control of N. buttnerae. The anthelmintic efficacy of L. grata, L. origanoides and O. gratissimum OEs was evaluated in the in vivo control of N. buttnerae in C. macropomum, besides the growth, hematological, biochemical, enzymatic and histopathological parameters. Juveniles of tambaqui naturally infected by N. buttnerae, after 30 days of feeding containing OEs of L. grata (0.86 g kg-1), L. origanoides (0.76 g kg-1) and O. gratissimum (1.03 and 2.06 g kg-1), resulted in 100% survival of the fish, reduction in the intensity and average parasitic abundance and the average percentage of anthelmintic efficacy of OEs was between 43.9 and 62.1%. It should be noted that after the use of OEs of L. grata, L. origanoides and O. gratissimum the morphophysiological parameters indicated the maintenance of organic homostasis in the fish, therefore these OEs are good therapeutic alternatives in the control of acanthocaphalosis in C. macropomum. Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae ?? um acantoc??falo encontrado no intestino do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum e, atualmente, o maior entrave no cultivo desse peixe. Em elevadas taxas de infec????o, este parasito tem comprometido a produ????o, especialmente na regi??o norte do Brasil. Assim, a primeira etapa deste estudo visou avaliar o tempo de sobreviv??ncia in vitro de N. buttnerae no meio essencial m??nimo de Eagle (MEME) suplementado com antibi??ticos, sob diferentes metodologias de manuten????o, visando propor um protocolo alternativo para a manuten????o de esp??cimes fora do hospedeiro, que garanta uma maior confiabilidade em futuros testes com anti-helm??nticos. Os resultados da an??lise de sobreviv??ncia indicaram que a utiliza????o do meio MEME associado ?? suplementa????o com antibi??ticos e com substitui????o do meio a cada dois dias, prolongou significativamente o tempo de sobreviv??ncia dos parasitos quando mantido na faixa de temperatura de 24 a 28??C. Este protocolo foi adotado na segunda etapa deste estudo, que teve como finalidade avaliar a composi????o qu??mica bem como o potencial anti-helm??ntico in vitro de 11 esp??cies de ??leos essenciais (OEs) obtidos de diferentes plantas medicinais, no controle de N. buttnerae, a partir de um delinamento experimental com um grupo controle e nove concentra????es de cada ??leo essencial, em triplicata, ap??s 2 horas, 6 horas e 24 horas de exposi????o. Observou-se redu????o nos valores das Concentra????es Efetivas (CE50) dos ??leos essenciais com o aumento do tempo de exposi????o, sendo os menores valores obtidos com os OEs de Mentha arvensis, Lippia grata, Lippia origanoides, Croton cajucara morfotipo vermelha, Ocimum gratissimum, Croton cajucara morfotipo branca e Piper aduncum. Quanto ?? efic??cia in vitro no controle de N. buttnerae, todos os ??leos essenciais apresentaram 100% de efic??cia em 24 horas. A an??lise estrutural dos helmintos expostos aos OEs sugere que a mortalidade est?? associada a dissocia????o do tegumento da camada muscular subjacente, edema nos espa??os lacunares com forma????o de bolhas na subcut??cula, incha??o corporal, aumento no volume da cavidade pseudocelom??tica e degenera????o dos ??rg??os reprodutivos. Portanto, todos os ??leos essenciais avaliados apresentam potencial para o controle in vivo de N. buttnerae. A efic??cia anti-helm??ntica dos OEs de L. grata, L. origanoides e O. gratissimum foi avaliada no controle in vivo de N. buttnerae em C. macropomum, al??m dos par??metros de crescimento, hematol??gicos, bioqu??micos, enzim??ticos e histopatol??gicos. Juvenis de tambaqui naturalmente infectados por N. buttnerae, ap??s 30 dias de alimenta????o com ra????o contendo OEs de L. grata (0,86 g kg-1), L. origanoides (0,76 g kg-1) e O. gratissimum (1,03 e 2,06 g kg-1), resultaram em 100% de sobreviv??ncia dos peixes, redu????o na intensidade e abund??ncia m??dia parasit??ria e o percentual m??dio de efic??cia anti-helm??ntica dos OEs ficou entre 43.9 e 62.1%. Destaca-se que ap??s o uso dos OES de L. grata, L. origanoides e O. gratissimum os par??metros morfofisiol??gicos indicaram a manuten????o da homestase org??nica nos peixes, portanto esses OEs s??o boas alternativas terap??uticas no controle da acantocefalose em C. macropomum. As dificuldades s??o prontamente sanadas por email. Excelente suporte.

Submitted by Franmir Rodrigues Brand??o (franmirbrandao@hotmail.com) on 2020-03-23T13:19:12Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Franmir - Vers??o Final - 22032020v1.pdf: 2816037 bytes, checksum: 446edaf89ccba887c1fed4b221f11d9e (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito (1).pdf: 150534 bytes, checksum: e201bc5f7c3dc7677acfc877c371ed52 (MD5) ata de defesa.jpg: 115058 bytes, checksum: 62a266f4f342f99b2c8895f6d4878ecc (MD5) Rejected by PPGCIPET Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br), reason: Informo que a Ata n??o est?? completa com as assinatura dos membros. on 2020-03-24T22:37:45Z (GMT) Rejected by PPGCIPET Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br), reason: Informo que a Ata n??o est?? completa com as assinatura dos membros. on 2020-03-24T22:37:42Z (GMT) Submitted by Franmir Rodrigues Brand??o (franmirbrandao@hotmail.com) on 2020-04-21T13:44:32Z No. of bitstreams: 4 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito (1).pdf: 150534 bytes, checksum: e201bc5f7c3dc7677acfc877c371ed52 (MD5) ata de defesa.jpg: 115058 bytes, checksum: 62a266f4f342f99b2c8895f6d4878ecc (MD5) Tese Franmir - Vers??o Final - 22032020v1 (1).pdf: 2091090 bytes, checksum: 0600d71c259442fd8ac4df0fddb21122 (MD5) Banca examinadora defesa Franmir.pdf: 182998 bytes, checksum: f86d9c8e6b65233cd943a146cb8230b7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGCIPET Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-04-22T00:56:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito (1).pdf: 150534 bytes, checksum: e201bc5f7c3dc7677acfc877c371ed52 (MD5) ata de defesa.jpg: 115058 bytes, checksum: 62a266f4f342f99b2c8895f6d4878ecc (MD5) Tese Franmir - Vers??o Final - 22032020v1 (1).pdf: 2091090 bytes, checksum: 0600d71c259442fd8ac4df0fddb21122 (MD5) Banca examinadora defesa Franmir.pdf: 182998 bytes, checksum: f86d9c8e6b65233cd943a146cb8230b7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGCIPET Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-04-22T00:56:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito (1).pdf: 150534 bytes, checksum: e201bc5f7c3dc7677acfc877c371ed52 (MD5) ata de defesa.jpg: 115058 bytes, checksum: 62a266f4f342f99b2c8895f6d4878ecc (MD5) Tese Franmir - Vers??o Final - 22032020v1 (1).pdf: 2091090 bytes, checksum: 0600d71c259442fd8ac4df0fddb21122 (MD5) Banca examinadora defesa Franmir.pdf: 182998 bytes, checksum: f86d9c8e6b65233cd943a146cb8230b7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-04-22T02:38:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito (1).pdf: 150534 bytes, checksum: e201bc5f7c3dc7677acfc877c371ed52 (MD5) ata de defesa.jpg: 115058 bytes, checksum: 62a266f4f342f99b2c8895f6d4878ecc (MD5) Tese Franmir - Vers??o Final - 22032020v1 (1).pdf: 2091090 bytes, checksum: 0600d71c259442fd8ac4df0fddb21122 (MD5) Banca examinadora defesa Franmir.pdf: 182998 bytes, checksum: f86d9c8e6b65233cd943a146cb8230b7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-22T02:38:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito (1).pdf: 150534 bytes, checksum: e201bc5f7c3dc7677acfc877c371ed52 (MD5) ata de defesa.jpg: 115058 bytes, checksum: 62a266f4f342f99b2c8895f6d4878ecc (MD5) Tese Franmir - Vers??o Final - 22032020v1 (1).pdf: 2091090 bytes, checksum: 0600d71c259442fd8ac4df0fddb21122 (MD5) Banca examinadora defesa Franmir.pdf: 182998 bytes, checksum: f86d9c8e6b65233cd943a146cb8230b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas ??? FAPEAM Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is the most produced native species in Brazil. However, due to the great demand, the increase in stocking densities in breeding environments, in addition to the innumerable management practices that have been carried out inappropriately, have caused deleterious effects for the breeding stock. In order to minimize these effects, numerous commercial products have been used in aquaculture to reduce the effects of stress. In the last decade, many studies have described the need to evaluate alternative products from plant species, which have anesthetic properties, especially those aimed at reducing the stress associated with fish transport. Thus, the objective of the work was, in a first step, to carry out a literature review in order to describe the anesthetic and stress-reducing potential of essential oils in native fish, with special emphasis on C. macropomum. Following, from experimental designs implanted in Embrapa Amaz??nia Ocidental experimental field, essential oils from three vegetable sources - Aloysia triphylla (EOAT), Lippia sidoides (EOLS) and Mentha piperita (EOMP) - were evaluated in order to determine the time and concentrations necessary for anesthetic induction and recovery in tambaqui and the evaluation of morphophysiological responses to stress due to transport under the influence of essential oils. To achieve these goals, the plants were grown in the medicinal plant sector of Embrapa Amaz??nia Ocidental, with essential oils extracted and chemically characterized by mass spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. The fish - juveniles of C. macropomum - were purchased at a commercial fish farming station in the municipality of Rio Preto da Eva - AM and transported to the Embrapa experimental field in Manaus, where they passed through the breeding phase until they reached the desired size for the fish experiments. In the first test, to determine the time and the necessary concentration of essential oils for anesthetic induction and recovery, the fish were individually exposed to different concentrations of essential oils (EOAT: 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 150 mg L-1; EOLS: 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg L-1; EOMP: 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 70 and 90 mg L-1), in a period between four minutes at six hours of exposure. The three essential oils showed anesthetic properties. The concentration intervals at which the fish reached all stages of anesthesia were (1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4) were between 40 to 150 mg L-1 for EOAT, 20 to 50 mg L-1 for EOLS and 40 to 90 mg L-1 for EOMP. The exposure of C. macropomum to anesthetic concentrations of oils was not associated with an increase in the occurrence of irreversible damage to the gill lamellae. In the second trial, the essential oils of L. sidoides and M. piperita were evaluated as stress reducers in the transport of C. macropomum. The fish (127.55 ?? 22.41 g) were transported for four hours in plastic bags, comprising the following treatments: a) non-stressed control (NS - not subjected to transport), b) stressed control (S - subjected to transport), c) EOLS 10 mg L-1, d) EOLS 20 mg L-1, e) EOMP 20 mg L-1 and f) EOMP 40 mg L-1, with three repetitions. After transport, water quality, hormonal, biochemical and enzymatic parameters were analyzed. C. macropomum transported with EOLS 20 mg L-1 showed a significant reduction in cortisol levels when compared to fish transported without essential oil. The glycolytic pathway was especially stimulated in fish transported with EOMP 20 mg L-1, since the values of glycolytic enzymes hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were elevated in muscle tissue. The essential oils did not affect the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain of C. macropomum, and after transport, fish from all treatments showed a significant reduction (28.2%) in muscle AChE. The EOLS 20 mg L-1 and EOMP 20 mg L-1 concentrations increased the levels of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme in the brain. It is concluded that essential oils in the concentrations evaluated tend to improve water quality during transport, minimize physiological stress, help maintain energy demand through the glycogen pathway and, in addition, do not demonstrate neurotoxic effects, recommended to concentration of 20 mg L-1 EOLS for use in the transport of C. macropomum. Given the results presented, the perspectives open up for the evaluation of compounds isolated from essential oils, as well as nanomolecules in order to increase the effectiveness of essential oils and enhance their biological activities, such as anesthetic and stress-reducing activities. With the provision of this information, it is intended to contribute to the development of the productive sector, leading to greater biosecurity and biosafety in the aquaculture segment. O tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) ?? a esp??cie nativa mais produzida no Brasil. No entanto, em fun????o da grande demanda, o aumento nas densidades de estocagem nos ambientes de cria????o, al??m das in??meras pr??ticas de manejo que conduzidas de forma inadequadas tem acarretado efeitos delet??rios para o plantel. Com o intuito de minimizar esses efeitos, in??meros produtos comerciais v??m sendo utilizados na aquicultura para reduzir os efeitos do estresse. Na ??ltima d??cada muitos estudos descrevem a necessidade de avaliar produtos alternativos provenientes de esp??cies vegetais, que possuem propriedades anest??sicas, em especial os que visam a redu????o do estresse associado ao transporte dos peixes. Com isso, o objetivo do trabalho foi em uma primeira etapa, a realiza????o de uma revis??o de literatura visando descrever o potencial anest??sico e redutor de estresse dos ??leos essenciais em peixes nativos, com especial ??nfase para C. macropomum. Na sequ??ncia, a partir de delineamentos experimentais implantados no campo experimental da Embrapa na Amaz??nia ocidental, ??leos essenciais de tr??s fontes vegetais - Aloysia triphylla (OEAT), Lippia sidoides (OELS) e Mentha piperita (OEMP) - foram avaliados visando a determina????o dos tempos e das concentra????es necess??rias para indu????o e recupera????o anest??sica em tambaqui e a avalia????o das respostas morfofisiol??gicas do estresse em fun????o do transporte sob a influ??ncia dos ??leos essenciais. Para o alcance desses objetivos, as plantas foram cultivadas no setor de plantas medicinais da Embrapa Amaz??nia Ocidental, sendo os ??leos essenciais extra??dos e caracterizados quimicamente por espectrofotometria de massas e cromatografia em fase gasosa. Os peixes ??? juvenis de C. macropomum - foram adquiridos em esta????o de piscicultura comercial do munic??pio de Rio Preto da Eva - AM e transportados para o campo experimental da Embrapa em Manaus, onde passaram pela fase de recria at?? alcan??arem o tamanho desejado para realiza????o dos experimentos. No primeiro ensaio, para determina????o do tempo e da concentra????o necess??ria dos ??leos essenciais para indu????o e recupera????o anest??sica, os peixes foram individualmente expostos a diferentes concentra????es dos ??leos essenciais (OEAT: 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 150 mg L-1; OELS: 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 mg L-1; OEMP: 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 70 e 90 mg L-1), num per??odo entre quatro minutos a seis horas de exposi????o. Os tr??s ??leos essenciais apresentaram propriedades anest??sicas. Os intervalos de concentra????o em que os peixes alcan??aram todos os est??gios de anestesia (1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4) foram entre 40 a 150 mg L-1 para OEAT, 20 a 50 mg L-1 para OELS e 40 a 90 mg L-1 para OEMP. A exposi????o de C. macropomum ??s concentra????es anest??sicas dos ??leos n??o foi associada ao aumento ?? ocorr??ncia de danos irrevers??veis nas lamelas branquiais. No segundo ensaio, os ??leos essenciais de L. sidoides e M. piperita foram avaliados como redutores de estresse no transporte de C. macropomum. Os peixes (127,55 ?? 22,41 g) foram transportados durante quatro horas em sacos pl??sticos, compondo os seguintes tratamentos: a) controle n??o estressado (NE - n??o submetido ao transporte), b) controle estressado (E - submetido ao transporte), c) OELS 10 mg L-1, d) OELS 20 mg L-1, e) OEMP 20 mg L-1 e f) OEMP 40 mg L-1, com tr??s repeti????es. Ap??s o transporte foram analisados par??metros de qualidade de ??gua, hormonais, bioqu??micos e enzim??ticos. C. macropomum transportado com OELS 20 mg L-1 apresentou uma redu????o significativa nos n??veis de cortisol se comparado aos peixes transportados sem ??leo essencial. A via glicol??tica foi especialmente estimulada nos peixes transportados com OEMP 20 mg L-1, pois os valores das enzimas glicol??ticas hexoquinase (HK), piruvato cinase (PK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) estavam elevados no tecido muscular. Os ??leos essenciais n??o afetaram a atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) no c??rebro de C. macropomum, e ap??s o transporte os peixes de todos os tratamentos apresentaram uma redu????o significativa (28,2%) da AChE muscular. As concentra????es OELS 20 mg L-1 e OEMP 20 mg L-1 promoveram aumento dos n??veis da enzima glutationa S-transferase (GST) no c??rebro. Conclui-se que os ??leos essenciais nas concentra????es avaliadas tendem a melhorar a qualidade da ??gua durante o transporte, minimizam o estresse fisiol??gico, ajudam a manter a demanda energ??tica por meio da via glicol??tica e, al??m disso, n??o demonstram ter efeitos neurot??xicos, ?? recomendado a concentra????o de 20 mg L-1 OELS para uso no transporte de C. macropomum. Diante dos resultados apresentados, as perspectivas se abrem para a avalia????o de compostos isolados dos ??leos essenciais, assim como nanomol??culas com o intuito de aumentar a efic??cia dos ??leos essenciais e potencializar as suas atividades biol??gicas, a exemplo das atividades anest??sicas e redutoras de estresse. Com a disponibiliza????o destas informa????es pretende-se contribuir para desenvolvimento do setor produtivo, levando maior biosseguridade e biosseguran??a no segmento da aquicultura. ?? importante ressaltar a necessidade de monitoramento dos estudos e disponibiliza????o de novos anest??sicos, visando um produto que seja barato, de f??cil dilui????o e seguro, reduzindo o risco alimentar. Os novos anest??sicos utilizados na pr??tica da aquicultura devem trazer resultados satisfat??rios tanto para os produtores e quanto a respeito das diretrizes ambientais, contribuindo para desenvolvimento do setor produtivo e levando maior biosseguridade e biosseguran??a no segmento da aquicultura.

Submitted by PATRICIA MONTEIRO (pcmonteiro17@gmail.com) on 2019-10-11T14:45:06Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese oficial Patr??cia Castro Monteiro.pdf: 3024151 bytes, checksum: 70c795f24afed6821a6a31273fd92e74 (MD5) autodeposito ufam.pdf: 336301 bytes, checksum: c304fe69a118e66061f4adc77893a98a (MD5) ata defesa p??blica.pdf: 711121 bytes, checksum: 7b49c777439896373bdcf412daa3ff1d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos PPGCIPET (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br) on 2019-10-11T18:41:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese oficial Patr??cia Castro Monteiro.pdf: 3024151 bytes, checksum: 70c795f24afed6821a6a31273fd92e74 (MD5) autodeposito ufam.pdf: 336301 bytes, checksum: c304fe69a118e66061f4adc77893a98a (MD5) ata defesa p??blica.pdf: 711121 bytes, checksum: 7b49c777439896373bdcf412daa3ff1d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos PPGCIPET (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br) on 2019-10-11T19:06:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese oficial Patr??cia Castro Monteiro.pdf: 3024151 bytes, checksum: 70c795f24afed6821a6a31273fd92e74 (MD5) autodeposito ufam.pdf: 336301 bytes, checksum: c304fe69a118e66061f4adc77893a98a (MD5) ata defesa p??blica.pdf: 711121 bytes, checksum: 7b49c777439896373bdcf412daa3ff1d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-11T19:06:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese oficial Patr??cia Castro Monteiro.pdf: 3024151 bytes, checksum: 70c795f24afed6821a6a31273fd92e74 (MD5) autodeposito ufam.pdf: 336301 bytes, checksum: c304fe69a118e66061f4adc77893a98a (MD5) ata defesa p??blica.pdf: 711121 bytes, checksum: 7b49c777439896373bdcf412daa3ff1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-08-30 CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient??fico e Tecnol??gico FAPEAM - Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas 92991694792 The objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Lippia sidoides, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale essential oils (EOs) in vitro and in vivo by therapeutic baths and the supplementation in the diet of tambaquis juveniles (Colossoma macropomum) and their effects on growth, hematological, biochemical and histological parameters after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. In chapter 1, in vitro tests were carried out against 10 strains of A. hydrophila isolated from tambaquis, in addition to determining their chemical composition. The main compounds present in EOs were thymol (76.6%), p-cymene (6.3%) and ??-caryophyllene (5.0%) for L. sidoides, eugenol (43.3%), 1.8-cineole (28.2%) and ??-selinene (5.5%) for O. gratissimum and geranial (23.2%), neral (16.7%) and 1,8-cineole (15.8%) to Z. officinale. All EOs evaluated showed bactericidal action against 10 strains of A. hydrophila, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) ranging from 625 to 5,000 ??g mL???1. Among the evaluated EOs, L. sidoides showed the best antimicrobial activity against A. hydrophila strains (MIC and MBC varing from 625 to 1,250 ??g mL-1). In chapter 2, tambaqui juveniles were experimentally infected with A. hydrophila, and then subjected to 60-minute therapeutic baths for 5 consecutive days. The treatments applied were: 1) positive control (infected with A. hydrophila and no OE added), 2) negative control (infected with A. hydrophila and added 10 mg L-1 gentamicin), 3) 2.5 mg L-1 and 4) 5.0 mg L-1 of L. sidoides EO, 5) 5.0 mg L-1 and 6) 10.0 mg L-1 of O. gratissimum EO, 7) 5.0 mg L-1 and 8) 10.0 mg L-1 of Z. officinale EO, each with three repetitions, with fish survival recorded for 10 days. The highest survival rate of tambaqui was achieved by the group treated with 5.0 mg L-1 O. gratissimum (89.5%), values close to those obtained in the negative control group. Already with 5.0 mg L-1 of the L. sidoides EO the survival was 75.0%, and for the other treatments with EO the survival values were close to or below those registered for the positive control group (70.8%). In the evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters it was observed reduction in hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte number in tambaqui exposed to L. sidoides and Z. officinale EO in control groups, however there was no significant change in plasma glucose, total protein values and the enzymes aminotransferases (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase) among the evaluated treatments. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue of tambaqui infected with A. hydrophila after baths with Eos showed mild to moderate damage. O. gratissimum and L. sidoides EOs, applied via baths, promoted better survival of tambaquis infected with A. hydrophila, however additional strategies are needed for the use of these essential oils as antibacterial. In chapter 3, the effect of the inclusion of L. sidoides, O. gratissimum and Z. officinale Eos in the diet of tambaquis juveniles on the growth, hematological and immunological parameters, as well as their resistance to infection induced by A. hydrophila was evaluated. Seven diets were prepared (32% crude protein) containing two concentrations of each essential oil evaluated, comprising the treatments: 1) 0 g kg-1 (control); 2) 0.625 g kg-1 and 3) 1.25 g kg-1 of L. sidoides EO; 4) 1.25 g kg-1 and 5) 5.0 g kg-1 of O. gratissimum EO; 6) 1.25 g kg-1 and 7) 5.0 g kg-1 of Z. officinale EO, with three repetitions. At the end of 30 and 60 days of feeding, the performance parameters and some hematological variables did not show significant differences between treatments (p

Submitted by Damy Caroline de Melo Souza (damycaroline.96@gmail.com) on 2019-10-22T21:29:44Z No. of bitstreams: 4 Disserta????o - vers??o_final.pdf: 1846386 bytes, checksum: 61e6eb003e1208e497d1e9e0bb42084e (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito - Edsandra.pdf: 48478 bytes, checksum: 5ec1e0aaf502ca63b33f03377a312c62 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA_DAMY.pdf: 794731 bytes, checksum: b92b432b8893c437b0294502de36247b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Rejected by Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos PPGCIPET (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br), reason: Faltaram anexar a folha de aprova????o da disserta????o e a ficha catalogr??fica. on 2019-10-23T12:53:08Z (GMT) Submitted by Damy Caroline de Melo Souza (damycaroline.96@gmail.com) on 2019-10-23T13:44:12Z No. of bitstreams: 5 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito - Edsandra.pdf: 48478 bytes, checksum: 5ec1e0aaf502ca63b33f03377a312c62 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA_DAMY.pdf: 794731 bytes, checksum: b92b432b8893c437b0294502de36247b (MD5) Disserta????o - vers??o_final.pdf: 1971338 bytes, checksum: c75df81b4bc84117c15f2d19ce9e4346 (MD5) folhadeaprova????o.pdf: 350450 bytes, checksum: 0a8bf7c9d8babb44ed30aa3018cc6120 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Rejected by Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos PPGCIPET (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br), reason: anexar a folha de aprova????o na disserta????o on 2019-10-23T14:31:00Z (GMT) Submitted by Damy Caroline de Melo Souza (damycaroline.96@gmail.com) on 2019-10-23T14:36:48Z No. of bitstreams: 4 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito - Edsandra.pdf: 48478 bytes, checksum: 5ec1e0aaf502ca63b33f03377a312c62 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA_DAMY.pdf: 794731 bytes, checksum: b92b432b8893c437b0294502de36247b (MD5) Disserta????o - vers??o_final.pdf: 2033356 bytes, checksum: 0b5de47f2ff613f432053692e3e1a2e1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncias Pesqueiras nos Tr??picos PPGCIPET (ppgcipet@ufam.edu.br) on 2019-10-23T15:18:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito - Edsandra.pdf: 48478 bytes, checksum: 5ec1e0aaf502ca63b33f03377a312c62 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA_DAMY.pdf: 794731 bytes, checksum: b92b432b8893c437b0294502de36247b (MD5) Disserta????o - vers??o_final.pdf: 2033356 bytes, checksum: 0b5de47f2ff613f432053692e3e1a2e1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2019-10-23T18:33:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito - Edsandra.pdf: 48478 bytes, checksum: 5ec1e0aaf502ca63b33f03377a312c62 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA_DAMY.pdf: 794731 bytes, checksum: b92b432b8893c437b0294502de36247b (MD5) Disserta????o - vers??o_final.pdf: 2033356 bytes, checksum: 0b5de47f2ff613f432053692e3e1a2e1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-23T18:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 CartaEncaminhamentoAutodep??sito - Edsandra.pdf: 48478 bytes, checksum: 5ec1e0aaf502ca63b33f03377a312c62 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA_DAMY.pdf: 794731 bytes, checksum: b92b432b8893c437b0294502de36247b (MD5) Disserta????o - vers??o_final.pdf: 2033356 bytes, checksum: 0b5de47f2ff613f432053692e3e1a2e1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-08-23 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior FAPEAM - Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas This study evaluated the local and systemic humoral immune response of Colossoma macropomum to infection by acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, a recurrent parasite in tambaqui cultivation that has caused losses to fish farms, especially in Brazil northern region. First, a literature review was performed to find out the main responses in teleost fish to helminth parasite infection. As a result, it was observed that increasing the number and size of mucus producing cells is the most common response in almost all species investigated. Rodlet cells and mast cells, together with neutrophils and macrophages are often associated with the presence of helminths in the mucosa, especially intestinal mucosa. The role of the adaptive immune system in helminth defense and elimination is still a poorly explored field due to methodological difficulties and the increased focus on the innate immune system of fish. Nevertheless, new findings characterizing differences in local and systemic immune responses have stimulated further research targeting the adaptive immune system of fish in helminth infections. Therefore, it was proposed an adaptation of an established method for the purification and isolation of immunoglobulins in mammals, in order to facilitate the study of these molecules, especially in native species. Purification of intestinal mucosal immunoglobulins by the caprylic acid method was performed on 10 infected and 10 uninfected tambaqui. Some classes of immunoglobulins have been partially isolated, but the methodology still needs to be adjusted to achieve the highest purity, verified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Still, this technique is simpler and less expensive compared to other commonly used purification techniques. In western blot, it was possible to detect immunoglobulins present in the mucus with serum total anti-Ig antibodies, indicating the presence of equal class (es) in both tambaqui body fluids. Acanthocephalan infection Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae resulted in higher immunoglobulin expression in the intestinal mucus, presenting higher immunoglobulin titers in infected animals. In a second experiment, 10 infected and 10 uninfected tambaquis in two different weight classes were separated. Serum and intestinal mucus were collected for evaluation of innate and adaptive immune response components. Intestinal immunohistochemistry of infected and uninfected tambaqui was performed to confirm the presence of immunoglobulins in the intestinal mucosa and the interaction of these molecules with acanthocephalan. Increases in total immunoglobulin and alkaline phosphatase titers were observed, as well as in serum and mucus total protein levels, and decreased immunoglobulin and alkaline phosphatase titers in the intestinal mucus of infected animals. The presence of immunoglobulins in cells present in the lamina propria of uninfected animals and immunoglobulins in intestinal mucus and in direct contact with the parasite surface was revealed by immunohistochemistry. Thus, in acanthocephalan infections, local and systemic responses of the tambaqui immune system are observed, highlighting the importance of mucus for the evaluation of local alterations and serum to assess the health status of the fish. Este estudo avaliou a resposta imune humoral local e sist??mica do Colossoma macropomum ?? infec????o pelo acantoc??falo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, um parasito recorrente no cultivo de tambaqui que tem ocasionado preju??zos ??s pisciculturas, especialmente na regi??o Norte do Brasil. Primeiramente, realizou-se uma revis??o de literatura para constata????o das principais respostas nos peixes tele??steos ?? infec????o por parasitos helmintos. Como resultado, observou-se que o aumento do n??mero e tamanho de c??lulas produtoras de muco ?? a resposta mais comum em quase todas as esp??cies investigadas. As c??lulas rodlets e mast??citos, juntamente com neutr??filos e macr??fagos est??o frequentemente associadas com a presen??a de helmintos nas mucosas, principalmente intestinal. A participa????o do sistema imune adaptativo na defesa e elimina????o de helmintos ainda ?? um campo pouco explorado devido ??s dificuldades metodol??gicas e ao maior enfoque dado ao sistema imune inato dos peixes. Apesar disso, as novas descobertas caracterizando diferen??as nas respostas imunes locais e sist??micas tem estimulado novas pesquisas direcionadas ao sistema imune adaptativo dos peixes em infec????es por helmintos. Prop??s-se, ent??o, a adapta????o de um m??todo j?? estabelecido para purifica????o e isolamento de imunoglobulinas em mam??feros, a fim de facilitar o estudo dessas mol??culas, principalmente em esp??cies nativas. A purifica????o de imunoglobulinas da mucosa intestinal pelo m??todo do ??cido capr??lico foi realizada em 10 tambaquis infectados e 10 tambaquis n??o infectados. Isolou-se parcialmente algumas classes de imunoglobulinas, por??m a metodologia ainda precisa ser ajustada para atingir maior grau de pureza, verificada pela eletroforese SDS-PAGE. Ainda assim, esta t??cnica mostra-se mais simples e apresenta menor custo comparada ??s outras t??cnicas de purifica????o comumente utilizadas. No western blot foi poss??vel detectar imunoglobulinas presentes no muco com anticorpos anti-Ig totais s??ricos, indicando a presen??a de classe (s) similar (es) nos dois fluidos corp??reos do tambaqui. A infec????o pelo acantoc??falo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae resultou na maior express??o de imunoglobulinas no muco intestinal, apresentado maior t??tulos de imunoglobulinas nos animais infectados. Em um segundo experimento, 10 tambaquis infectados e 10 tambaquis n??o infectados em duas classes de peso diferentes foram separados, coletando-se soro e muco intestinal para a avalia????o de componentes da resposta imune inata e adaptativa. A imunohistoqu??mica do intestino de tambaqui infectados e n??o infectados foi realizada a fim de confirmar a presen??a das imunoglobulinas na mucosa intestinal e a intera????o dessas mol??culas com o acantoc??falo. Foi observado o aumento dos t??tulos de imunoglobulinas totais e fosfatase alcalina no soro, assim como dos n??veis de prote??nas totais no soro e no muco, e a diminui????o dos t??tulos de imunoglobulinas e fosfatase alcalina no muco intestinal dos animais infectados. A presen??a de imunoglobulinas em c??lulas presentes na l??mina pr??pria de animais n??o infectados, no muco intestinal e em contato direto com a superf??cie do parasito nos animais infectados foi revelada pela imunohistoqu??mica. Assim, nas infec????es por acantoc??falos, observa-se respostas locais e sist??micas do sistema imune do tambaqui, evidenciando a import??ncia do muco para avalia????o de altera????es locais e do soro para avaliar o estado de sa??de do peixe.

Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-09-03T18:26:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 41233 bytes, checksum: 9e144ed5c45b7a8945758a7e420acada (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-09-03T18:27:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 41233 bytes, checksum: 9e144ed5c45b7a8945758a7e420acada (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-03T18:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 41233 bytes, checksum: 9e144ed5c45b7a8945758a7e420acada (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-05-28 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior Indispon??vel Em 2050, a popula????o mundial dever?? atingir 9,5 bilh??es de habitantes e frente a esse crescimento a produ????o de prote??na animal precisar?? expandir para atender ao consumo dessa popula????o. Atualmente, a prote??na animal de pescados ?? a mais produzida no planeta. A principal atividade da Piscicultura, no Brasil, ?? o cultivo de peixes de ??gua doce, sendo a esp??cie mais criada, na Regi??o Norte, o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), pelas suas caracter??sticas econ??micas, seu sabor e rusticidade. No entanto, um dos entraves encontrados na Piscicultura ?? a manuten????o da sanidade animal, pois, por exemplo, bact??rias e parasitas podem gerar grandes perdas econ??micas por causarem morbidade e mortalidade nos peixes. Para auxiliar o desenvolvimento da Piscicultura, na Regi??o Norte, foram realizados: uma Revis??o sistem??tica (Cap??tulo 1) para observamos como a ci??ncia avan??ou no entendimento sobre quais agentes infecciosos acometem o tambaqui, quais s??o as ferramentas utilizadas para o diagn??stico desses pat??genos e quais tratamentos est??o dispon??veis, dessa forma, saberemos quais ??reas de pesquisa precisam ser priorizadas. Avaliou-se tamb??m como a densidade de estocagem de tambaquis pode induzir estresse, que afeta as defesas imunol??gicas como concentra????o de imunoglobulinas e prote??nas plasm??ticas (Cap??tulo 2). Realizou-se o isolamento e a purifica????o das imunoglobulinas de tambaqui, para produzir o anti-imunoglobulina, em camundongos, a fim de viabilizar o desenvolvimento de biosensores capazes de detectar agentes infecciosos nesses peixes (Cap??tulo 3). O ??ltimo cap??tulo foi feito por meio de entrevistas com os piscicultores e com os t??cnicos respons??veis pelo controle sanit??rio para definir os problemas para o desenvolvimento de uma startup, a fim de, propor solu????es aos piscicultores e t??cnicos dessa regi??o. Os resultados poder??o contribuir para a melhoria da Piscicultura regional e nacional de tambaqui.

Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-08-29T19:50:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-08-29T19:51:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T19:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-25 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior The present work evaluated the impact of parasitism on hematological and biochemical parameters in the rearing of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and tissue damage caused by Acanthocephala infection Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. To reach these objectives a total of 42 tambaqui specimens were collected in commercial fish culture. Of these, 32 fish were used to identify the metazoan parasites and characterization of the hematological and biochemical profile; While 10 specimens (5 parasitized and 5 non-parasitized) were used for the application of stereological techniques in the morphometric investigation of the changes caused by the presence of acanthocephals (N. buttnerae) in the intestine of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Of the analyzed fish, 100% were parasitized, being 100% by Monogenea helminths and acantocephalans, 59.38% by copepod crustaceans and 53.13% by branchiura. The highest mean intensity was of Acanthocephala, followed by monogenetic, copepods and branchiura. The species of helminths identified were: Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenea) and Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala). There was a significant positive correlation between fish weight and hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM), as well as between total length and MCV, HCM. For the condition factor, as well as Ht and Hb a negative correlation with Copepoda parasites was observed. There was a significant negative correlation between Acanthocephala and the parameters Ht, Hb, thrombocytes and glucose, as well as between Monogenea and glucose, indicating that the hemogram could be influenced by endogenous factors such as length and body weight of the fish, as well as by parasitism, affecting the health status of tambaquis. Regarding the evaluation of the tissue damage, using a stereological tool, the portions of the intestine were classified into 7 regions, according to how the loops are naturally loosened in the coelomic cavity. As regards the mean volume of the intestinal layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serous), the increase in mucosa volume was statistically significant in regions 3, 4 and 5. In these regions, the average parasitic load was approximately 34 parasites / region. In the evaluation of the intestinal layers of tambaqui, the mucosa layer was the most affected by the presence of acanthocephala, and a significant difference could be observed between all regions analyzed in the comparison of parasitized and non-parasitized groups, while the submucosa presented significant leukocytes infiltrate in regions 2, 3 and 4 in the parasitized fish. The muscular showed leukocytes infiltrate in regions 2, 3 and 5 of the parasitized group. There was relevant muscular edema only in regions 2 and 5 of the parasitized group. It should be noted that the surface area of the mucosa was not altered in the parasitized fish, suggesting that the absorption at the villi level was not altered. Therefore, the tambaquis evaluated presented moderate infestation by metazoan parasites, capable of weakening the hosts as observed through hematological and biochemical alterations; it is further added that the intestinal mucosa layer of tambaqui was affected by the presence of N. buttnerae, and that despite the damage observed the surface area of the mucosa, the main site of nutrient absorption, was preserved. O presente trabalho avaliou o impacto do parasitismo sobre os par??metros hematol??gicos e bioqu??micos na cria????o de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e os danos teciduais provocados pela infec????o por acantoc??falo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Para alcan??ar esses objetivos um total de 42 exemplares de tambaqui foram coletados em piscicultura comercial. Destes, 32 peixes foram utilizados para identifica????o dos parasitos metazo??rios e caracteriza????o do perfil hematol??gico e bioqu??mico; enquanto 10 exemplares (5 parasitados e 5 n??o parasitados) foram utilizados para aplica????o de t??cnicas estereol??gicas na investiga????o morfom??trica das altera????es provocadas pela presen??a de acantoc??falos (N. buttnerae) no intestino de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Dos peixes analisados, 100% estavam parasitados, sendo 100% por helmintos Monogenea e acantoc??falos, 59,38% por crust??ceos cop??podos e 53,13% por branqui??ros. A maior intensidade m??dia foi de acantoc??falos, seguida por monogen??ticos, cop??podos e branqui??ros. As esp??cies de helmintos identificadas foram: Anacanthotus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri e Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenea) e Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala). Foi observada correla????o positiva significativa entre peso dos peixes e os valores de hemat??crito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb), volume corpuscular m??dio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular m??dia (HCM), bem como entre comprimento total e VCM, HCM. O fator de condi????o, Ht e Hb foram negativamente correlacionados com parasitos Copepoda. Houve correla????o negativa significativa entre Acantocephala e os par??metros Ht, Hb, tromb??citos e glicose, bem como entre Monogenea e glicose, indicando que o hemograma pode ser influenciado por fatores end??genos como o comprimento e o peso corporal dos peixes, assim como pelo parasitismo, afetando a sa??de de tambaquis. J?? com rela????o ?? avalia????o do dano tecidual, com emprego de ferramenta estereol??gica, as por????es do intestino foram classificadas em 7 regi??es, de acordo como as al??as est??o naturalmente enoveladas na cavidade celom??tica. No que se refere ao volume m??dio das camadas intestinais (mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa), o aumento no volume da mucosa foi estatisticamente significativo nas regi??es 3, 4 e 5. Nessas regi??es, a carga parasit??ria m??dia foi de aproximadamente 34 parasitos/regi??o. Na avalia????o dos danos nas camadas intestinais do tambaqui, a camada mucosa foi a mais afetada pela presen??a de acantoc??falos, podendo ser verificada diferen??a significativa entre todas as regi??es analisadas na compara????o dos grupos parasitados e n??o parasitados, enquanto a submucosa apresentou infiltra????o leucocit??ria significativa nas regi??es 2, 3 e 4 nos peixes parasitados. A muscular apresentou infiltrado leucocit??rio nas regi??es 2, 3 e 5 do grupo parasitado. Houve edema muscular relevante apenas nas regi??es 2 e 5 do grupo parasitado. Destaca-se ainda que a ??rea superficial da mucosa n??o foi alterada nos peixes parasitados, o que sugere que a absor????o no n??vel dos vilos n??o foi alterada. Portanto, os juvenis de tambaqui avaliados apresentaram infesta????o moderada por parasitos metazo??rios, capazes de debilitar os hospedeiros como observado atrav??s das altera????es hematol??gicas e bioqu??micas; acrescenta-se ainda que a camada mucosa intestinal de tambaqui foi afetada pela presen??a de N. buttnerae, e que apesar dos danos observados a ??rea superficial da mucosa, principal s??tio de absor????o de nutrientes, foi preservada.

Submitted by Joyce Melo (joycemello79@gmail.com) on 2016-03-14T14:50:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta????o Ismael Folha Assinada.pdf: 839072 bytes, checksum: d4443624439dcac28f2ac549364f38d3 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-03-15T17:55:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta????o Ismael Folha Assinada.pdf: 839072 bytes, checksum: d4443624439dcac28f2ac549364f38d3 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-03-15T18:02:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta????o Ismael Folha Assinada.pdf: 839072 bytes, checksum: d4443624439dcac28f2ac549364f38d3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T18:02:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta????o Ismael Folha Assinada.pdf: 839072 bytes, checksum: d4443624439dcac28f2ac549364f38d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-16 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior Using the theory of ends, J. Stallings showed in 1971 that any ???nitely generated with in???nitely many ends has a decomposition either as a non-trivial generalizated free product or as an HNN-extension where the amalgamated (respectively associated) sugbroups are ???nite. In 1972, Karrass, Pietrowiski e Solitar provide a caracterization for ???nite and cyclic extension of a free group and in 1978, R. Bieri and R. Strebel described an almost-???nitely generated group over a ring as a HNN-extension with a single stable letter. The present work aims to provide a detailed proof to a result by G. Baumslag and C. F. Miller III that includes as a consequence, the results of Karrass and Bieri: Theorem: Let G be a ???nitely presented group with a free quocient of rank n. Then G is an HNN-extension with n stable letters, of a ???nitely generated groupo B ???nitely generated associated subgroups. Utilizando a teoria dos ???ns, J. Stallings mostrou em 1971 que um grupo ???nitamente gerado com uma in???nidade de ???nais admite uma decomposi????o ou como um produto livre generalizado n??o trivial ou como HNN-extens??o, tal que os sugbrupos amalgamados (resp. subgrupos associados) s??o ???nitos. Em 1972, Karrass, Pietrowiski e Solitar obtiveram uma caracteriza????o das extens??es ???nitas e c??clicas de grupos livres e em 1978, R. Bieri e R. Strebel, caracterizam os grupos quase ???nitamente apresentados sobre um anel, como sendo uma HNN-extens??o com uma letra est??vel. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de dar uma prova clara e detalhada do resultado de G. Baumslag e C. F. Miller III, que inclui como como consequ??ncia os resultados de Karrass e Bieri: Teorema: Seja G um grupo ???nitamente apresentado com um quociente livre de posto n. Ent??o G ?? uma HNN-extens??o com n letras est??veis, de um grupo B ???nitamente gerado e subgrupos associados ???nitamente gerados.