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A vegetação presente nos quintais contribui para o conforto ambiental e proporciona qualidade de vida às populações. O estudo objetivou avaliar a influência da vegetação nas condições térmico-hídricas e percepções de conforto em quintais no bairro Mutirão, Abaetetuba, Pará. Durante 24 dias, temperatura e umidade foram monitoradas com o auxílio de cinco sensores modelo Hobo®, instalados em quintais e em áreas com e sem vegetação. Aplicaram-se testes de Shapiro-Wilk, Tukey (5%) e calculou-se o Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU). Para o ITU, estabeleceram-se dois cenários baseados nos prognósticos do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas e os resultados foram comparados com as percepções de conforto ambiental e bem estar dos moradores nos seus quintais. As temperaturas máximas (33,8°C) e mínimas (23,3°C) foram registradas em ambiente sem vegetação, confirmando o efeito de perda de energia para atmosfera em espaços abertos. Para umidade relativa do ar, os resultados foram estatisticamente diferentes, a exceção do Q3 (85,6%) e do Q5 (85,4%). Nas áreas com significativa presença de cobertura vegetal (Q1, Q2 e Q4) foram observadas maiores valores para umidade (88,9%; 90,0% e 91,8% respectivamente). Apesar dos dados do ITU sinalizarem níveis de desconforto nos quintais, para os moradores estes espaços representam os locais de maior agradabilidade ambiental. O quintal urbano deve ser foco de manutenção e conservação pelos moradores para atenuar efeitos de ilhas de calor na interface pavimentação-arborização.

This article analyzes different aspects related to actors and institutions responsible for the existence of three major public projects for payment for water conservation services. Moreover, this study regards to what extent these projects contribute to recognize and value the multifunctionality of family farming. For such purpose, a case study of the following projects was carried out: ProdutorES de Água (Espírito Santo), Conservador das Águas (Minas Gerais) and Projeto Piloto (São Paulo). In these cases, project makers, managers and implementers were interviewed. The origins of these projects showed that they derived from the presence of three main elements technical, political interest and financial support. The existence of these elements was made possible due to the work of different technical actors, politicians and partners. The interests that moved their actions were focused on political and institutional visibility, the environmental expertise accumulation and aimed at forest restoration, as well as being the main results achieved by the projects. Although the actors aimed to recognize, encourage and support farmers by and for environmental conservation, that was not the perspective that motivated actors. Thus, in addition to social, economic and cultural dimensions of the rural population being largely ignored, with the privilege of strictly environmental dimension; the latter also seems to have not been treated properly. Nevertheless, significant institutional results achieved allow us to explain the deep engagement of actors to undertake such projects.

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Facing the recent scenario of unsustainable use and degradation of ecosystem services (ESs), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a preventive instrument to introduce ESs in decision-making. This research aimed to assess the ESs input in the EIA process through the analysis of Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) in São Paulo state, Brazil. For that reason, one hundred and ten EISs from 2006 to 2014 were selected and searches for keywords related to ESs were done. A systematic review process examined the EISs containing the keywords based on a 12 criteria review and using an ‘Ecosystem Service Assessment Index’ (IASE). Twenty EISs presented keywords related to ESs, and while the adoption of this concept was unstable between 2006 and 2010, from 2011 the concept input increased, apparently in a voluntary way. Despite this result, those EISs did not adequately address ESs into the EIA process: ESs were poorly identified and few EISs detected potential impacts on the ESs and provided mitigation measures. Despite being more frequent in the EISs, the concept of ESs is not included in the EIA practice in São Paulo state, which suggests the need for explicit policies for this purpose.