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The study analyzed the relationships between the Causation and Effectuation approaches regarding the characteristics of former Empretec participants in RN. In a quantitative approach, the factor structure of the scale used is assessed, followed by robust regression. The results show that both approaches are strong, especially Causation, which is also significantly influenced by gender, age, source of resources, and participants' current companies. Effects are slightly affected by the same variables. It was concluded that the two approaches coexisted in the decision-making of former operators, with Causation as predominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical essay had as objective to establish dialogues between the concepts discussed by Paulo Freire in Pedagogy of the Oppressed and ergology, taking as basis the object of critical analysis the discourses about entrepreneurship. For that, some ideas of Paulo Freire related to Pedagogy of the Oppressed, such as liberating education, as well as some notions of ergology were presented. The discourses about entrepreneurship are presented as imperatives to entrepreneurs, detached from reality and variability and from any socioeconomic contexts, and disregarding the industrious activity of undertaking. Thus, the contribution of this article lies in proposing a reflection on how these discourses approach a banking conception of education. It is proposed that the discourse on entrepreneurship may return to include a "critical conscience", which would require the possibility of promoting autonomous and committed thinking, and a repositioning in relation to the reality of social inequality. Only in this way can socio-political engagement become possible, in a democratic and dialogical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the changes in the meaning of work for individuals who once were employees, but now are entrepreneurs. Data collected from interviews with 15 entrepreneurs led to four main vectors of change. The workload intensifies, however, it goes along with higher financial rewards. The work, once seen as a source of security, provided by the employee status, becomes a source of self-determination and quality of life, as an entrepreneur. The sense of responsibility concerning the results of the work increases due to the need of a more responsive attitude, related to the entrepreneur condition. And professional recognition, originally suggested by peers and superiors, makes room for an expansion in self-esteem, through the perception of personal effectiveness, based on their own businesses results. This research contributes to the expansion of knowledge on the meaning of work phenomenon, once it registers the dynamism of the concept throughout individual's professional pathway, an unsual approach about the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the change of entrepreneur's behavioral characteristics before, during and after business failure. The theoretical framework was covered by the following topics: entrepreneur and its types, and entrepreneur's behavior face the business failure. The types used were based on entrepreneur's behavioral characteristics and supported by the following authors of the entrepreneurship literature: Vesper (1980), Miner (1996) and Filion (1999). This study is characterized as exploratory, descriptive and uses semi-structured interviews as data collection instrument. The analysis unit are seven entrepreneurs who experienced the disruption of its business in Sao Paulo. The analysis of behavioral changes and typology of entrepreneurs was performed in a qualitative way, by applying the technique of content analysis. Three categories were defined a priori based on the focus of classification of types of each author: performance (Vesper, 1980), personality (MINER, 1996), and values and entrepreneurial thinking (Filion, 1999). The main result emphasized that behavior of the entrepreneurs interviewed was affected when facing adversity of business failure, influencing their performance, personality, values and entrepreneurial thinking. From this, the changes in their behavioral characteristics caused changes in their entrepreneur's type in the different times of research - before, during and after business failure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]